{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T07:09:42Z","timestamp":1771571382686,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771545600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pharmacol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The association between aspirin use and depression risk remains controversial.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database from the 2011 to 2018, a cross-sectional study was designed. Depression was estimated using Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess the association between aspirin use and depression, adjusting for sociodemographic, lifestyle, and clinical covariates. To explore potential heterogeneity, we stratified the analysis by depression severity and aspirin dose categories.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 4,887 participants with a mean age of 65.5 years were included. Of the participants, 1,421 (29%) were identified to be with depression. Aspirin use was inversely associated with the depression (\n                      <jats:italic>OR<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.69; 95%\n                      <jats:italic>CI<\/jats:italic>\n                      : 0.55, 0.86;\n                      <jats:italic>p &amp;lt;<\/jats:italic>\n                      0.01). For depression of different severity, aspirin use was inversely significantly associated with \u201cMild depression\u201d (\n                      <jats:italic>OR<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.65; 95%\n                      <jats:italic>CI<\/jats:italic>\n                      : 0.51, 0.83;\n                      <jats:italic>p &amp;lt;<\/jats:italic>\n                      0.001) while not significant associated with \u201cModerate and severe depression\u201d.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Aspirin use was inversely associated with depression, particularly mild depression, and the association differed by depression severity and aspirin dose. The clinical benefits and risks of aspirin should be carefully considered.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2026.1721286","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T06:42:10Z","timestamp":1771569730000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Aspirin use and risk of depression: a cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Runa","family":"A","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huan","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center","place":["Beijing, China"]},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center","place":["Beijing, China"]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases (Peking University), Ministry of Education","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center","place":["Beijing, China"]},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center","place":["Beijing, China"]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases (Peking University), Ministry of Education","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruotong","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center","place":["Beijing, China"]},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center","place":["Beijing, China"]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases (Peking University), Ministry of Education","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huairong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center","place":["Beijing, China"]},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center","place":["Beijing, China"]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases (Peking University), Ministry of Education","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liuyan","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center","place":["Beijing, China"]},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center","place":["Beijing, China"]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases (Peking University), Ministry of Education","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jingxian","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center","place":["Beijing, China"]},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center","place":["Beijing, China"]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases (Peking University), Ministry of Education","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yiqun","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center","place":["Beijing, China"]},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center","place":["Beijing, China"]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases (Peking University), Ministry of Education","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","first-page":"2020","volume-title":"US department of health and human services dietary guidelines for Americans","year":"2020"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2010.02827.x","article-title":"Aspirin use, depression, and cognitive impairment in later life: the health in men study","volume":"58","author":"Almeida","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. 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