{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T14:05:10Z","timestamp":1781013910211,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771804800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pharmacol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Medication-related problems (MRPs) are a common patient safety issue among hospitalized individuals, often associated with reduced quality of life, increased healthcare costs, and higher mortality. Due to the chronic and complex nature of post-transplant care, liver transplant recipients are particularly vulnerable to MRPs. Clinical pharmacists play a critical role in identifying and resolving MRPs, thereby promoting the rational use of medications. The objective of this study was to characterize MRPs among liver transplant recipients and assess the clinical determinants associated with their occurrence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This prospective study was conducted between 5 October 2023 to 31 April 2024 at the Liver Transplantation Institute. A total of 373 hospitalized liver transplant recipients in inpatient wards and intensive care units who were receiving at least one medication were included. Donors and patients not receiving any medication were excluded. The Pharmaceutical Care Network Europe (PCNE) classification system version 9.1 was used to categorize MRPs. Clinical and demographic characteristics of patients with and without MRPs were compared statistically and risk factors were analyzed through logistic regression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among the 373 patients included in this study, at least one MRP was identified in 311 patients, yielding 620 MRPs in total. A total of 620 interventions were proposed, of which 547 (88.2%) were accepted, while 73 (11.8%) were rejected. The leading causes of MRPs was \u201cdose selection\u201d (C3) was the most common cause (44.2%), followed by \u201cdrug selection\u201d (C1) at 26.1%. The presence of at least one comorbidity and acute kidney injury were significant risk factors for the occurrence of MRPs (p &amp;lt; 0.05).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To our knowledge, this is the first and most comprehensive study applying the PCNE v.9.1 method to liver transplant recipients hospitalized in both ward and intensive care unit settings. The most prevalent MRPs were related to \u201ctreatment effectiveness,\u201d primarily caused by \u201cdose selection\u201d and \u201cdrug selection.\u201d Clinical pharmacists and physicians should particularly focus on these aspects when reviewing transplant patients\u2019 medication regimens. The results achieved in this study suggest that clinicians should exercise caution when prescribing new medications to transplant recipients with at least one comorbidity and a history of acute kidney injury.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2026.1738563","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T06:37:10Z","timestamp":1771828630000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Prospective evaluation of medication-related problems and pharmacist interventions in liver transplant recipients"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Sena","family":"G\u00fczel Karahan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Inonu University","place":["Malatya, T\u00fcrkiye"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mefk\u00fcre","family":"Durmu\u015f","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Karadeniz Technical University","place":["Trabzon, T\u00fcrkiye"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmet","family":"\u00c7ak\u0131r","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Inonu University","place":["Malatya, T\u00fcrkiye"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zeynep \u00dclk\u00fc","family":"G\u00fcn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Trakya University","place":["Edirne, T\u00fcrkiye"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sezai","family":"Y\u0131lmaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University","place":["Malatya, T\u00fcrkiye"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3117","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.14.3117","article-title":"Liver transplantation: yesterday, today and tomorrow","volume":"14","author":"Abbasoglu","year":"2008","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"B2","first-page":"7","article-title":"Drug-related problems - an over v\u0131ew of var\u0131ous class\u0131f\u0131cat\u0131on systems","volume":"7","author":"Adusum\u0131ll\u0131","year":"2014","journal-title":"Asian J. Pharm. Clin. Res."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.5414\/CP202501","article-title":"Clinical and economic evaluation of pharmacists' contribution to patient care on a multi-disciplinary liver transplant team","volume":"54","author":"Ah","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trre.2014.12.002","article-title":"Liver transplantation in Turkey: historical review and future perspectives","volume":"29","author":"Akbulut","year":"2015","journal-title":"Transpl. Rev. Orl."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-022-07494-5","article-title":"Clinical pharmacist assessment of drug-related problems among intensive care unit patients in a Turkish university hospital","volume":"22","author":"Albayrak","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv. Res."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100431","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rcsop.2024.100431","article-title":"Clinical pharmacist interventions in an intensive care unit reduces ICU mortality at a tertiary hospital in Dubai, United Arab Emirates","author":"Ali","year":"2024","journal-title":"Explor Res. Clin. Soc. Pharm."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.30476\/IJMS.2022.93366.2467","article-title":"Drug-related problems in solid-organ transplant recipients hospitalized for COVID-19: an experience of a referral tertiary center in Iran","volume":"47","author":"Azadi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Iran. J. Med. Sci."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1177\/1062860613492374","article-title":"Improving medication administration safety in solid organ transplant patients through barcode-assisted medication 515 administration","volume":"29","author":"Bonkowski","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Med. Qual."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.4274\/tjps.galenos.2023.44459","article-title":"Evaluation of drug-related problems of intensive care unit patients by clinical pharmacists: a retrospective study","volume":"21","author":"\u00c7ak\u0131r","year":"2024","journal-title":"Turk J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1002\/phar.1886","article-title":"Development of a predictive model for drug-related problems in kidney transplant recipients","volume":"37","author":"Covert","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pharmacotherapy"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.26650\/IstanbulJPharm.2024.1327194","article-title":"The evaluation and classification of drug-related problems by a clinical pharmacist in an internal diseases intensive care unit: a prospective cohort 7-month study","volume":"54","author":"Durmu\u015f","year":"2024"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e041563","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-041563","article-title":"Clinical evaluation of pharmacists' interventions on multidisciplinary lung transplant outpatients' management: results of a 7-year observational study","volume":"10","author":"Duwez","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transproceed.2012.11.002","article-title":"Liver transplant with a marginal donor graft containing a hydatid cyst--a case report","volume":"45","author":"Eris","year":"2013","journal-title":"Transpl. Proc."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-80560-2","article-title":"Drug related problems in clinical practice: a cross-sectional study on their prevalence, risk factors and associated pharmaceutical interventions","volume":"11","author":"Garin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5185","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11175185","article-title":"Systematic review of risk factors assessed in predictive scoring tools for drug-related problems in inpatients","volume":"11","author":"Jung-Poppe","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154619","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2024.154619","article-title":"Clinical pharmacy interventions for critically ill patients","volume":"81","author":"Kara","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Crit. Care"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"gfad063c","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfad063c_5280","article-title":"Prevalence of polypharmacy and associated adverse outcomes in kidney transplant recipients","volume":"38","author":"Kim","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nephrol. Dial. Transpl."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1007\/s00390-005-0612-y","article-title":"Transplantasyon t\u0131bb\u0131","volume":"42","author":"Lauchart","year":"2005","journal-title":"Yo\u011fun Bak\u0131m T\u0131bb\u0131"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1177\/2010105816630026","article-title":"Medication therapy management by pharmacists in a kidney transplant ambulatory clinic","volume":"25","author":"Lee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc. Singap. Healthc."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1093\/jalm\/jfae103","article-title":"Better prediction of clinical outcome with 475 estimated glomerular filtration rate by CKD-EPI 2021","volume":"10","author":"Lee","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Appl. Lab. Med."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"571906","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.571906","article-title":"Drug-related problems identified during pharmacy intervention and consultation: implementation of 518 an intensive care unit pharmaceutical care model","volume":"11","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1590\/S1679-45082016AO3481","article-title":"Pharmaceutical orientation at hospital discharge of transplant patients: strategy for patient safety","volume":"14","author":"Lima","year":"2016","journal-title":"Einstein (S\u00e3o Paulo)"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-4920012.2004.00218.x","article-title":"The expanding role of the transplant pharmacist in the multidisciplinary practice of transplantation","volume":"18","author":"Martin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin. Transpl."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-017-0621-2","article-title":"What is polypharmacy? A systematic review of definitions","volume":"17","author":"Masnoon","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.7861\/clinmedicine","article-title":"Rational prescribing: the principles of drug selection","volume":"16","author":"Maxwell","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Med. (Lond)."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1097\/ACM.0000000000000542","article-title":"When guidelines don't guide: the effect of patient context on management decisions based on clinical practice guidelines","volume":"90","author":"Mercuri","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acad. Med."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"637090","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.637090","article-title":"Medication-related problems in liver transplant recipients in the outpatient setting: a Dutch cohort study","volume":"12","author":"Mulder","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1114","DOI":"10.1007\/s11096-022-01423-6","article-title":"510 evaluation of medication-related problems in liver transplant recipients with and without an outpatient medication consultation by a clinical pharmacist: a cohort study","volume":"44","author":"Mulder","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Pharm."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0b013e3181ca87b0","article-title":"Multidisciplinary insights into optimizing adherence after solid organ transplantation","volume":"89","author":"O'Grady","year":"2010","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"0361","DOI":"10.30968\/rbfhss.2019.104.0361","article-title":"Pharmaceutical recommendations in a university hospital transplant unit","volume":"10","author":"Pinheiro","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rev. Bras. Farm\u00e1cia Hosp. Servi\u00e7os Sa\u00fade"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0230215","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0230215","article-title":"Risk factors for drug-related problems 447 in a general hospital: a large prospective cohort","volume":"15","author":"Saldanha","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.21315\/mjms2022.29.3.1","article-title":"The translation process of pharmaceutical care network Europe v9.00 to bahasa Indonesia: an instrument to detect drug-related problem","volume":"29","author":"Satria","year":"2022","journal-title":"Malays J. Med. Sci."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101789","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2023.101789","article-title":"Unveiling medication errors in liver transplant patients towards enhancing the imperative patient safety","volume":"31","author":"Shawaqfeh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Saudi Pharm. J."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2023.10.018","article-title":"KDIGO 2024 clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and management of chronic kidney disease","volume":"105","author":"Stevens","year":"2024","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.1D182","article-title":"Drug-related problem classification systems","volume":"38","author":"Van Mil","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann. Pharmacother."},{"key":"B36","unstructured":"PCNE classification for drug-related problems V9.1. Zuidlaren (NL): pharmaceutical care network Europe association\n          \n          \n            \n              Van Mil\n              J. W. F.\n            \n            \n              Horvat\n              N.\n            \n            \n              Westerlund\n              T.\n            \n            \n              Richling\n              I.\n            \n          \n          \n          2020"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transproceed.2008.06.050","article-title":"Effects of pharmaceutical care intervention by clinical pharmacists in renal transplant clinics","volume":"40","author":"Wang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Transpl. Proc."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpt.12826","article-title":"Impact of pharmacist-led post transplant medication management for kidney transplant recipients: a retrospective pre- and post intervention study","volume":"44","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Clin. Pharm. Ther."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fphar.2026.1738563\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T06:37:13Z","timestamp":1771828633000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fphar.2026.1738563\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]]},"references-count":38,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fphar.2026.1738563"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphar.2026.1738563","relation":{},"ISSN":["1663-9812"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1663-9812","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]]},"article-number":"1738563"}}