{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T14:25:16Z","timestamp":1788186316797,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776902400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004281","name":"Narodowe Centrum Nauki","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004281","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018031","name":"Polsko-Amerykanska Komisja Fulbrighta","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018031","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pharmacol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Ginger (\n                    <jats:italic>Zingiber officinale<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), due to its diverse therapeutic properties, continues to attract researchers\u2019 attention. One of these properties is its anticonvulsant activity, which, as our previous studies have shown, may result from the presence of 6-gingerol, a compound that reduced pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced hyperlocomotion in zebrafish larvae. In the present study, we further investigated the anticonvulsant effects of 6-gingerol using additional seizure and epilepsy models in both zebrafish larvae and mice. First, we observed that 6-gingerol reduced the overexpression of the neuronal PAS domain protein (\n                    <jats:italic>npas4<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) gene in PTZ-exposed zebrafish larvae, but it did not affect the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (\n                    <jats:italic>bdnf<\/jats:italic>\n                    ). The anticonvulsant effect of 6-gingerol was evident in the ethyl 2-ketopent-4-enoate seizure test in zebrafish larvae but was not observed in the pilocarpine model or in\n                    <jats:italic>scn1lab<\/jats:italic>\n                    (Dravet syndrome model) and\n                    <jats:italic>cacna1aa<\/jats:italic>\n                    (absence seizure model) zebrafish morphants. In mice, 6-gingerol penetrated the blood-brain barrier and inhibited psychomotor seizures induced by 6\u00a0Hz electrical stimulation at an intensity of 32\u00a0mA, but it was ineffective at 44\u00a0mA. We did not observe any anticonvulsant effects of 6-gingerol in the maximal electroshock test or timed intravenous PTZ infusion seizure test in mice. In summary, our findings provide further evidence for the anticonvulsant effects of 6-gingerol; however, additional investigations are required to clarify its mechanisms of action.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2026.1740324","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T05:36:38Z","timestamp":1776922598000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Studies on the anticonvulsant potential of 6-gingerol, an active ingredient of ginger rhizome"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Dorota","family":"Nieoczym","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Functional Anatomy and Cytobiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Sk\u0142odowska University","place":["Lublin, Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wirginia","family":"Kukula-Koch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy with Medicinal Plants Garden, Medical University of Lublin","place":["Lublin, Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ma\u0142gorzata","family":"Szafarz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacokinetics and Physical Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College","place":["Krak\u00f3w, Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Vuong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Center for Epilepsy Drug Discovery, University of Washington","place":["Seattle, WA, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Grenda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pneumonology, Oncology and Allergology, Medical University of Lublin","place":["Lublin, Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominik","family":"Tarabasz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy with Medicinal Plants Garden, Medical University of Lublin","place":["Lublin, Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mateusz","family":"Pierog","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Functional Anatomy and Cytobiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Sk\u0142odowska University","place":["Lublin, Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Marszalek-Grabska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurotoxicology, Institute of Rural Health","place":["Lublin, Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michal","family":"Szulc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Gora","place":["Zielona Gora, Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camila V.","family":"Esguerra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemical Neuroscience Group, Norwegian Centre for Molecular Biosciences and Medicine, University of Oslo","place":["Oslo, Norway"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H. 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