{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T15:54:00Z","timestamp":1791474840644,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769731200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006162","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia do Estado de Pernambuco","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IBPG 0982-4.03\/20"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IBPG 0982-4.03\/20"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006162","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pharmacol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Cannabis sativa<\/jats:italic>\n                      L. roots are traditionally used to manage gastrointestinal (GI) disorders; however, experimental pharmacological evidence supporting these uses remains limited. This study investigated the chemical profile, safety, and GI-related pharmacological effects of an ethanolic extract of\n                      <jats:italic>C. sativa<\/jats:italic>\n                      roots (CEECs).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Chemical characterization was performed by spectrophotometric determination of total triterpenes and HPLC profiling. Safety and pharmacological effects were assessed through acute oral toxicity testing, antibacterial assays, and in vivo murine models of gastric emptying, diarrhea, and ethanol-induced gastric ulcer.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      CEECs showed a total triterpene content of 67.64 \u00b1 5.39 \u03bcg LE\u00b7mg\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      , and HPLC analysis detected\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      -coumaric acid and N-\n                      <jats:italic>trans<\/jats:italic>\n                      -feruloyltyramine. In vivo, CEECs significantly delayed gastric emptying at 50 mg\u00b7kg\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.0033) and reduced fecal output in the castor oil-induced diarrhea model at 50 (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;lt; 0.001) and 100 mg\u00b7kg\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.0233), with no effect in the magnesium sulfate-induced model. CEECs also significantly reduced ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury at 50 mg\u00b7kg\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.0484) and 100 mg\u00b7kg\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.0164). No signs of acute toxicity were observed at 2000 mg\u00b7kg\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      . Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus strains was weak under the tested conditions.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      These findings provide experimental support for the traditional use of\n                      <jats:italic>C. sativa<\/jats:italic>\n                      roots in GI disorders and indicate their potential as a non-psychoactive source of bioactive constituents.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2026.1743428","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T05:26:16Z","timestamp":1769750776000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Cannabis sativa L. roots extract modulates gastrointestinal motility and ameliorates 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