{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T22:41:38Z","timestamp":1790116898357,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":88,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773878400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pharmacol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a complex autoimmune disease driven by dysregulated epigenetic mechanisms, with histone deacetylases (HDACs) playing isoform-specific pathogenic or protective roles by modulating histone acetylation, immune function, and bone metabolism. While HDAC modulators (inhibitors\/activators) show therapeutic potential for RA, current single-target agents are limited by poor isoform selectivity, off-target toxicity, and inadequate attenuation of RA\u2019s multi-pathway pathology. In addition, the frequent occurrence of pan-assay interference compounds in natural-product space necessitates rigorous validation to reduce false-positive bioactivity claims. In this narrative review, we focus on Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM)-derived metabolites as promising HDAC modulators, systematically summarizing recent progress in their development for RA. We highlight TCM-derived inhibitors, activators, and dual modulators, along with their isoform-specific mechanisms and structural basis of HDAC interaction. Notably, TCM-derived modulators exert synergistic effects by targeting multiple pathological links in RA, including synovial inflammation, fibroblast-like synoviocyte proliferation, immune imbalance, and bone destruction. However, their clinical translation is hindered by insufficient human clinical data, inconsistent TCM standardization, and limited pharmacokinetic\/pharmacodynamic characterization. This review bridges traditional botanical medicine with modern epigenetic drug development, providing insights into RA therapies. Future research should prioritize clinical validation, standardized formulation, and mechanistic refinement to advance TCM-derived HDAC modulators toward clinical application.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2026.1765295","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T06:50:05Z","timestamp":1773903005000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["HDACs targeting from traditional Chinese medicine: mechanisms and therapeutic potential in rheumatoid arthritis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Caiwen","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Harbin, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaowa","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Harbin, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S75","DOI":"10.21037\/atm.2018.10.49","article-title":"A pathogenic hierarchy for synovial fibroblasts in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"6","author":"Abuwarwar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann. Transl. Med."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1007\/s00044-019-02479-2","article-title":"Discovery of small molecule sirt1 activator using high-throughput virtual screening, molecular dynamics simulation, molecular mechanics generalized born\/surface area MM\/GBSA calculation, and biological evaluation","volume":"29","author":"An","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med. Chem. Res."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2014-205635","article-title":"Inflammatory cytokines epigenetically regulate rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocyte activation by suppressing HDAC5 expression","volume":"75","author":"Angiolilli","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2015-209064","article-title":"Histone deacetylase 3 regulates the inflammatory gene expression programme of rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes","volume":"76","author":"Angiolilli","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"B5","volume-title":"Based on histone deacetylase to explore thepossible mechanism of WuTou-decoction intreating rheumatoid arthritis synovialangiogenesis","author":"Ba","year":"2020"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112847","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2022.112847","article-title":"The enhanced mitochondrial dysfunction by cantleyoside confines inflammatory response and promotes apoptosis of human HFLS-RA cell line via AMPK\/Sirt 1\/NF-\u03baB pathway activation","volume":"149","author":"Bai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomed. and Pharmacother."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2024.104193","article-title":"Impact of HDAC inhibitors on macrophage polarization to enhance innate immunity against infections","volume":"29","author":"Bhat","year":"2024","journal-title":"Drug Discov. Today"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2248","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jcim.0c01227","article-title":"Toward an understanding of pan-assay interference compounds and promiscuity: a structural perspective on binding modes","volume":"61","author":"Bolz","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Chem. Inf. Model."},{"key":"B9","first-page":"156897","article-title":"Resveratrol Reduces Activation NLRP3 Inflammasomes Rheumatoid Arthritis Through SIRT1 ITGB \u03b15\u03b21, Especially Patients High Expression ACPA","author":"Cai","year":"2025"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1713","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kev022","article-title":"Inhibiting histone deacetylase 1 suppresses both inflammation and bone loss in arthritis","volume":"54","author":"Cantley","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rheumatol. (Oxf.)"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6157","DOI":"10.2147\/JIR.S336099","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cell-originated exosomal circular RNA circFBXW7 attenuates cell proliferation, migration and inflammation of fibroblast-like synoviocytes by targeting miR-216a-3p\/HDAC4 in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"14","author":"Chang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Inflamm. Res."},{"key":"B12","volume-title":"Study on the mechanism of bushen jiedu tongluo formulainhibiting HMGB1-induced synovial angiogenesis inrheumatoid arthritis by regulating SIRT1","author":"Chen","year":"2021"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1038\/s41413-024-00336-6","article-title":"Gut microbial metabolite targets HDAC3-FOXK1-interferon axis in fibroblast-like synoviocytes to ameliorate rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"12","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Bone Res."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"989305","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.989305","article-title":"HDAC11, an emerging therapeutic target for metabolic disorders","volume":"13","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol. (Lausanne)"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S348836","article-title":"\u03b1-Mangostin treats early-stage adjuvant-induced arthritis of rat by regulating the CAP-SIRT1 pathway in macrophages","volume":"16","author":"Chen W","year":"2022","journal-title":"Drug Des. devel. Ther."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2014.5863","article-title":"Mechanisms of histone deacetylase inhibitor-regulated gene expression in cancer cells","volume":"23","author":"Chueh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Antioxid. Redox Signal"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117998","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117998","article-title":"Targeting histone deacetylase 1: inhibition and activation as promising therapeutic strategies for diverse disorders","volume":"298","author":"Costanzo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1007\/s13205-024-03990-z","article-title":"Role and uptake of metal-based nanoconstructs as targeted therapeutic carriers for rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"14","author":"Dwivedi","year":"2024","journal-title":"3 Biotech."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"484280","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/484280","article-title":"Bone remodelling markers in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"2014","author":"Fardellone","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mediat. Inflamm."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102379","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2019.102379","article-title":"Histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1): a key player of T cell-mediated arthritis","volume":"108","author":"G\u00f6schl","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Autoimmun."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2011.154211","article-title":"Histone deacetylase inhibitors suppress rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocyte and macrophage IL-6 production by accelerating mRNA decay","volume":"71","author":"Grabiec","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-016-0921-x","article-title":"Guizhi-shaoyao-zhimu decoction attenuates rheumatoid arthritis partially by reversing inflammation-immune system imbalance","volume":"14","author":"Guo","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Transl. Med."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e29361","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e29361","article-title":"Baicalin reduces inflammation to inhibit lung cancer via targeting SOCS1\/NF-\u03baB\/STAT3 axis","volume":"10","author":"Guo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1432","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.34.1432","article-title":"Emodin inhibits proinflammatory responses and inactivates histone deacetylase 1 in hypoxic rheumatoid synoviocytes","volume":"34","author":"Ha","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biol. Pharm. Bull."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5099","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2017.7299","article-title":"A study of Sirt1 regulation and the effect of resveratrol on synoviocyte invasion and associated joint destruction in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"16","author":"Hao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1042\/BST20130053","article-title":"The role of histone deacetylases in rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes","volume":"41","author":"Hawtree","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biochem. Soc. Trans."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1580","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.081115","article-title":"Expression and function of histone deacetylases in rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts","volume":"36","author":"Horiuchi","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Rheumatology"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116006","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2023.116006","article-title":"Isoliquiritigenin inhibits apoptosis and ameliorates oxidative stress in rheumatoid arthritis chondrocytes through the Nrf2\/HO-1-mediated pathway","volume":"170","author":"Hung","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomed. and Pharmacother."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2021.11.016","article-title":"Role of mitochondrial sirtuins in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"584","author":"Hussain","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.2720","article-title":"The transcriptional modulator interferon-related developmental regulator 1 in osteoblasts suppresses bone formation and promotes bone resorption","volume":"31","author":"Iezaki","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Bone Min. Res."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1111\/imcb.12311","article-title":"Epigenetics in rheumatoid arthritis; fibroblast-like synoviocytes as an emerging paradigm in the pathogenesis of the disease","volume":"98","author":"Karami","year":"2020","journal-title":"Immunol. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3451","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.12346","article-title":"Intracellular distribution of human SIRT7 and mapping of the nuclear\/nucleolar localization signal","volume":"280","author":"Kiran","year":"2013","journal-title":"FEBS J."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-022-00793-5","article-title":"Mechanisms of joint destruction in rheumatoid arthritis - immune cell-fibroblast-bone interactions","volume":"18","author":"Komatsu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Rheumatol."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgg.2013.04.001","article-title":"The class III histone deacetylase sirtuin 1 in immune suppression and its therapeutic potential in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"40","author":"Kong","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Genet. Genomics"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e22287","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.202101663R","article-title":"Characterization of the class IIa histone deacetylases substrate specificity","volume":"36","author":"Kutil","year":"2022","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-013-0214-5","article-title":"Sirtuin deacetylases as therapeutic targets in the nervous system","volume":"10","author":"Langley","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2020-217377","article-title":"Implication of the deacetylase sirtuin-1 on synovial angiogenesis and persistence of experimental arthritis","volume":"79","author":"Leblond","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"B38","volume-title":"Exploring the mechanism of S1P signalling in regulating RA neovascularisation and the intervention of gardenia glycosides from HIF-1\u03b1 acetylation degradation","author":"Li","year":"2025"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129015","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2022.129015","article-title":"Zinc-dependent deacetylases (HDACs) as potential targets for treating alzheimer's disease","volume":"76","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/BSR20180541","article-title":"SIRT1 inhibits rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocyte aggressiveness and inflammatory response via suppressing NF-\u03baB pathway","volume":"38","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biosci. Rep."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7313515","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/7313515","article-title":"Reduced activity of HDAC3 and increased acetylation of histones H3 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"2018","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Res."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.1007\/s12272-018-1089-0","article-title":"Ligustrazine attenuates inflammation and oxidative stress in a rat model of arthritis via the Sirt1\/NF-\u03baB and Nrf-2\/HO-1 pathways","volume":"42","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arch. Pharm. Res."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1383663","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2024.1383663","article-title":"Novel mechanistic study of HDAC6 regulation of rheumatoid arthritis via CMA: exploring potential therapeutic targets","volume":"15","author":"Lin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1080\/10408347.2024.2305267","article-title":"Quality consistency evaluation of traditional Chinese medicines: current status and future perspectives","volume":"55","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Anal. Chem."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119307","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.119307","article-title":"Wutou decoction: a latest review on molecular mechanisms, clinical studies, quality control, pharmacokinetic studies, pharmacological effects, toxicity, and target prediction","volume":"341","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21228828","article-title":"Structure-based inhibitor discovery of class I histone deacetylases (HDACs)","volume":"21","author":"Luo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1414675","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2024.1414675","article-title":"Ephedra sinica polysaccharide regulate the anti-inflammatory immunity of intestinal microecology and bacterial metabolites in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"15","author":"Ma","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1743","DOI":"10.1002\/tox.23802","article-title":"HDAC2 exacerbates rheumatoid arthritis progression via the IL\u201017\u2010CCL7 signaling pathway","volume":"38","author":"Mao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"Ns20200001","DOI":"10.1042\/NS20200001","article-title":"The class II histone deacetylases as therapeutic targets for parkinson's disease","volume":"4","author":"Mazzocchi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuronal Signal"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.21926\/obm.genet.1803029","article-title":"New insights into the epigenetic activities of natural compounds","volume":"2","author":"Melita","year":"2018","journal-title":"OBM Genet."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2862","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.23547","article-title":"MicroRNA-193b-3p regulates chondrogenesis and chondrocyte metabolism by targeting HDAC3","volume":"8","author":"Meng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-010-1598-8","article-title":"Resveratrol induces apoptosis MH7A human rheumatoid arthritis synovial cells in a sirtuin 1-dependent manner","volume":"32","author":"Nakayama","year":"2010","journal-title":"Rheumatol. Int."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1376925","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2024.1376925","article-title":"Fibroblasts in rheumatoid arthritis: novel roles in joint inflammation and beyond","volume":"11","author":"Neofotistou-Themeli","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Med. (Lausanne)"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2731","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-011-1984-x","article-title":"Disturbed Th17\/Treg balance in patients with rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"32","author":"Niu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Rheumatol. Int."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100015","DOI":"10.1016\/j.curpro.2025.100015","article-title":"Advances in machine learning for optimizing pharmaceutical drug discovery","volume":"22","author":"Ogbonna","year":"2025","journal-title":"Curr. Proteomics"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chmed.2019.11.002","article-title":"Critical pharmaceutical process identification considering chemical composition, biological activity, and batch-to-batch consistency: a case study of notoginseng total saponins","volume":"12","author":"Pan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chin. Herb. Med."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-021-02561-4","article-title":"Inhibition of histone deacetylase 6 suppresses inflammatory responses and invasiveness of fibroblast-like-synoviocytes in inflammatory arthritis","volume":"23","author":"Park","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arthritis Res. Ther."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100390","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phyplu.2022.100390","article-title":"Litsea salicifolia roxb. Bark ethanolic extract attenuates rheumatoid arthritis by inhibiting TLR4\/NF-\u03baB and activating SIRT1-Nrf2\/HO-1 signaling axis: in-vitro and in-vivo evaluations","volume":"3","author":"Puppala","year":"2023","journal-title":"Phytomedicine Plus"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2009.06.003","article-title":"Deacetylase inhibition increases regulatory T cell function and decreases incidence and severity of collagen-induced arthritis","volume":"87","author":"Saouaf","year":"2009","journal-title":"Exp. Mol. Pathol."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11492","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M110.198713","article-title":"Resveratrol-mediated SIRT-1 interactions with p300 modulate receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand (RANKL) activation of NF-kappaB signaling and inhibit osteoclastogenesis in bone-derived cells","volume":"286","author":"Shakibaei","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114213","article-title":"Quercetin-mediated SIRT1 activation attenuates collagen-induced mice arthritis","volume":"279","author":"Shen","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118921","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118921","article-title":"Wutou decoction attenuates rheumatoid arthritis in rats through SIRT1-mediated deacetylation of the HMGB1\/NF-\u03baB pathway","volume":"337","author":"Shen","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6359652","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/6359652","article-title":"Ellagic acid alleviates rheumatoid arthritis in rats through inhibiting MTA1\/HDAC1-Mediated Nur77 deacetylation","volume":"2021","author":"Song","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mediat. Inflamm."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123075","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2024.123075","article-title":"Genetics, epigenetics and autoimmunity constitute a Bermuda triangle for the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"357","author":"Srivastava","year":"2024","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1128\/mmbr.64.2.435-459.2000","article-title":"Acetylation of histones and transcription-related factors","volume":"64","author":"Sterner","year":"2000","journal-title":"Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev."},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1186231","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1186231","article-title":"Sirtuin family in autoimmune diseases","volume":"14","author":"Tao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-023-03249-6","article-title":"Phenolic compounds as histone deacetylase inhibitors: binding propensity and interaction insights from molecular docking and dynamics simulations","volume":"55","author":"Uba","year":"2023","journal-title":"Amino Acids"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110644","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2023.110644","article-title":"Efficacy of HDAC inhibitors and epigenetic modulation in the amelioration of synovial inflammation, cellular invasion, and bone erosion in rheumatoid arthritis pathogenesis","volume":"122","author":"Vijaykrishnaraj","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.114.215145","article-title":"Inhibitory effect of baicalin on collagen-induced arthritis in rats through the nuclear Factor\u2013\u03baB pathway","volume":"350","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19092738","article-title":"Sirtuins and immuno-metabolism of sepsis","volume":"19","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1002\/biof.1599","article-title":"Resveratrol ameliorates rheumatoid arthritis via activation of SIRT1\u2010Nrf2 signaling pathway","volume":"46","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"BioFactors"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115521","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.115521","article-title":"Research on the progress of Traditional Chinese medicine components and preparations on histone deacetylase inhibitors - like effects in the course of disease treatment","volume":"296","author":"Wei","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108706","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2023.108706","article-title":"Sirt6 regulates the proliferation of neural precursor cells and cortical neurogenesis in mice","volume":"27","author":"Wei","year":"2024","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156976","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156976","article-title":"HDAC\/NF-\u03baB signaling pathway mediates gut microbiota dysbiosis in rheumatoid arthritis","author":"Wen","year":"2025","journal-title":"intervention mechanisms of Fengshining decoction. Phytomedicine"},{"key":"B75","volume-title":"Study on abnormal histone modification patterns in RA CD4+ T cells and CD14+ monocyte\/macrophages central south university","author":"Wu","year":"2010"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1080\/13880209.2021.1941131","article-title":"Wutou decoction attenuates rheumatoid arthritis by modulating the Ahr\/LOC101928120\/SHC1 pathway","volume":"59","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pharm. Biol."},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152875","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2025.152875","article-title":"Qufeng epimedium decoction alleviates rheumatoid arthritis through CYLD-Antagonized NF-kB activation by deubiquitinating Sirt1","volume":"230","author":"Wu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Immunobiology"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"750753","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.750753","article-title":"B cells in rheumatoid arthritis:pathogenic mechanisms and treatment prospects","volume":"12","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.108175","article-title":"Regulation of Sirt1 on energy metabolism and immune response in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"101","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107392","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107392","article-title":"Fibroblast-like synoviocytes in rheumatoid arthritis: surface markers and phenotypes","volume":"93","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2017.03.003","article-title":"Resveratrol inhibits BK-induced COX-2 transcription by suppressing acetylation of AP-1 and NF-\u03baB in human rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts","volume":"132","author":"Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111525","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.111525","article-title":"Extracellular CIRP induces abnormal activation of fibroblast-like synoviocytes from patients with RA via the TLR4-mediated HDAC3 pathways","volume":"128","author":"Yao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1007\/s11626-023-00834-7","article-title":"Cucumber seed polypeptides regulate RANKL-Induced osteoclastogenesis through OPG\/RANKL\/RANK and NF-\u03baB","volume":"60","author":"Yu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol. Anim."},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1408501","article-title":"The promise of Synovial Joint-on-a-Chip in rheumatoid arthritis","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Immunol"},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2478","DOI":"10.2174\/1389557522666220330144151","article-title":"The zinc-dependent HDACs: non-Histone substrates and catalytic deacylation beyond deacetylation","volume":"22","author":"Zheng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mini Rev. Med. Chem."},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06878","article-title":"TGF-beta-induced Foxp3 inhibits T(H)17 cell differentiation by antagonizing RORgammat function","volume":"453","author":"Zhou","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1248\/cpb.c20-00206","article-title":"A series of novel HDAC inhibitors with anthraquinone as a cap group","volume":"68","author":"Zou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chem. Pharm. Bull. (Tokyo)"},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-021-03880-9","article-title":"Effects of short-chain fatty acids in inhibiting HDAC and activating p38 MAPK are critical for promoting B10 cell generation and function","volume":"12","author":"Zou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell. Death Dis."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fphar.2026.1765295\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T06:50:07Z","timestamp":1773903007000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fphar.2026.1765295\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]]},"references-count":88,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fphar.2026.1765295"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphar.2026.1765295","relation":{},"ISSN":["1663-9812"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1663-9812","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]]},"article-number":"1765295"}}