{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T10:24:26Z","timestamp":1787567066277,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":143,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787529600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pharmacol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Immune thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (iTTP) is an autoimmune thrombotic microangiopathy caused by antibody-mediated deficiency of the plasma metalloprotease ADAMTS13. Therapeutic antibodies that target antibody-producing B-cells via the CD20 surface receptor protein to prevent disease exacerbation and relapse have become part of the standard of care of patients with iTTP. However, clinical trial data regarding the use of anti-CD20 agents is limited to mostly phase II studies; no universally agreed-upon standardized protocol for the use of CD20-targeting antibodies for iTTP regarding choice of agent, dosage, or duration of treatment exists; refractoriness or lack of response to anti-CD20 antibodies can occur; and several agents and biosimilars are now available for the treatment of iTTP patients, which complicates the decision tree for clinicians caring for these patients. In this review, we explore the current landscape of anti-CD20 therapeutics used to treat iTTP, focusing on agents currently available for clinical use. We describe the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of CD20-targeting antibodies; available data regarding dosage and duration of treatment; anti-CD20 antibody therapy refractoriness or lack of response; and the evolving role of anti-CD20 biosimilars. This review will shed light on the state-of-the-art in CD20-targeting antibodies used to treat iTTP patients with an eye toward identifying areas in need of further study to aid in the care of patients with this rare and often devastating disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2026.1766030","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T08:42:27Z","timestamp":1787560947000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Evidence for the use of anti-CD20 therapeutic antibodies in immune thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura management: a review"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Konstantine","family":"Halkidis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapeutics, The University of Kansas Medical Center","place":["Kansas, KS, United States"]},{"name":"Institute for Developmental and Reproductive Sciences, The University of Kansas Medical Center","place":["Kansas, KS, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chan","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapeutics, The University of Kansas Medical Center","place":["Kansas, KS, United States"]},{"name":"Institute for Developmental and Reproductive Sciences, The University of Kansas Medical Center","place":["Kansas, KS, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jordan","family":"Snyder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapeutics, The University of Kansas Medical Center","place":["Kansas, KS, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102642","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2024.102642","article-title":"Ibrutinib followed by ofatumumab consolidation in previously untreated patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL): GELLC-7 trial from the Spanish group of CLL (GELLC)","volume":"73","author":"Abrisqueta","year":"2024","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.18854","article-title":"Daratumumab for refractory immune-mediated thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura","volume":"202","author":"Aggarwal","year":"2023","journal-title":"Br. J. Haematol."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0609.2007.00832.x","article-title":"Mycophenolate mofetil in a case of relapsed, refractory thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura","volume":"78","author":"Ahmad","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur. J. Haematol."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1007\/s12185-020-03020-7","article-title":"Humanized anti CD-20 as an alternative in chronic management of relapsing thrombotic thrombocytopenic microangiopathy resistant to rituximab due to anti chimeric antibody","volume":"113","author":"Ahmadpoor","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Hematol."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1007\/s11239-018-1647-9","article-title":"Ofatumumab for acute treatment and prophylaxis of a patient with multiple relapses of acquired thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura","volume":"46","author":"Al-Samkari","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Thromb. Thrombolysis"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1042\/bst0250705","article-title":"Targeted anti-cancer therapy using rituximab, a chimaeric anti-CD20 antibody (IDEC-C2B8) in the treatment of non-hodgkin's B-cell lymphoma","volume":"25","author":"Anderson","year":"1997","journal-title":"Biochem. Soc. Trans."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2023.01.018","article-title":"Hypogammaglobulinemia, late-onset neutropenia, and infections following rituximab","volume":"130","author":"Athni","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2009.012484","article-title":"Fractionated subcutaneous rituximab is well-tolerated and preserves CD20 expression on tumor cells in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia","volume":"95","author":"Aue","year":"2010","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1186\/s12348-025-00543-0","article-title":"Multiple sclerosis-associated uveitis successfully controlled with ofatumumab","volume":"15","author":"Azargui","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Ophthalmic Inflamm. Infect."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e21","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.17170","article-title":"Intensive rituximab regimen in immune-mediated thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura can circumvent unresponsiveness to standard rituximab treatment","volume":"192","author":"Barba","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br. J. Haematol."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e158","DOI":"10.1097\/iop.0000000000002412","article-title":"Truxima (Rituximab-abbs) for periocular xanthogranuloma with adult-onset asthma and systemic IgG4-Related disease","volume":"39","author":"Barke","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Plast. Reconstr. Surg."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transci.2021.103213","article-title":"Complete ADAMTS13 remission in a patient with refractory autoimmune-mediated thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura after Infliximab","volume":"60","author":"Bavli","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transfus. Apher. Sci."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2436","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2012.03578.x","article-title":"Splenectomy And\/Or cyclophosphamide as salvage therapies in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura: the French TMA reference center experience","volume":"52","author":"Beloncle","year":"2012","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1246","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.24559","article-title":"Efficacy of a rituximab regimen based on B cell depletion in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura with suboptimal response to standard treatment: results of a phase II, multicenter noncomparative study","volume":"91","author":"Benhamou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Hematol."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1186\/s41927-025-00530-x","article-title":"Effectiveness and patient-reported impact of on-flare retreatment in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: insights from retrospective long-term real-world data","volume":"9","author":"Bertrand","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Rheumatol."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103713","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transci.2023.103713","article-title":"Use of n-acetylcysteine therapy in patients with relapsed refractory thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura","volume":"62","author":"Beyler","year":"2023","journal-title":"Transfus. Apher. Sci."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2517","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2012.03635.x","article-title":"Rituximab maintenance for relapsed refractory thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura","volume":"52","author":"Bhagirath","year":"2012","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0033-1363993","article-title":"Non-clinical pharmacokinetic\/pharmacodynamic and early clinical studies supporting development of a novel subcutaneous formulation for the monoclonal antibody rituximab","volume":"64","author":"Bittner","year":"2014","journal-title":"Drug Res. (Stuttg)"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"863177","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.863177","article-title":"Case report: use of obinutuzumab as an alternative monoclonal Anti-CD20 antibody in a patient with refractory immune thrombocytopenia complicated by rituximab-induced serum sickness and anti-rituximab antibodies","volume":"13","author":"Blase","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/512624","article-title":"Rituximab for the treatment of patients with autoimmune hepatitis who are refractory or intolerant to standard therapy","volume":"27","author":"Burak","year":"2013","journal-title":"Can. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1002\/cpdd.845","article-title":"A randomized, double-blind study comparing pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of proposed biosimilar ABP 798 with rituximab reference product in subjects with moderate to severe rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"9","author":"Burmester","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Pharmacol. Drug Dev."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2006.06384.x","article-title":"An evaluation of cyclosporin and corticosteroids individually as adjuncts to plasma exchange in the treatment of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura","volume":"136","author":"Cataland","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br. J. Haematol."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1335","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2022016640","article-title":"Race, rituximab, and relapse in TTP","volume":"140","author":"Chaturvedi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clml.2024.02.001","article-title":"Long-term follow up of the combination of ofatumumab, high-dose methylprednisolone, and lenalidomide for untreated chronic lymphocytic leukemia with biomarker analysis","volume":"24","author":"Chavez","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin. Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.10204","article-title":"Successful treatment of severe thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura with the monoclonal antibody rituximab","volume":"71","author":"Chemnitz","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am. J. Hematol."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-010-0968-3","article-title":"Long-term follow-up of idiopathic thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura treated with rituximab","volume":"89","author":"Chemnitz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann. Hematol."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1072","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.35137","article-title":"Maintenance and consolidation strategies for patients with untreated advanced follicular lymphoma: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized trials","volume":"130","author":"Chu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.13408","article-title":"A phase-II sequential case-series study of all patients presenting to four plasma exchange centres with presumed relapsed\/refractory thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura treated with rituximab","volume":"170","author":"Clark","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br. J. Haematol."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.2217\/imt-2022-0024","article-title":"A review of the totality of evidence in the development of ABP 798, a rituximab biosimilar","volume":"14","author":"Cobb","year":"2022","journal-title":"Immunotherapy"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.12916","article-title":"A phase I pharmacokinetics trial comparing PF-05280586 (A potential biosimilar) and rituximab in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"82","author":"Cohen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1056\/nejmc1714146","article-title":"Ofatumumab for TTP in a patient with anaphylaxis associated with rituximab","volume":"378","author":"Crowley","year":"2018","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e67631","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.67631","article-title":"Refractory thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura in a patient with triple X syndrome","volume":"16","author":"da Rocha Ribas","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1309\/RLNM-J01W-BJRN-LH03","article-title":"Rituximab can be combined with daily plasma exchange to achieve effective B-cell depletion and clinical improvement in acute autoimmune TTP","volume":"125","author":"Darabi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Pathol."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(14)70005-1","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics and safety of subcutaneous rituximab in follicular lymphoma (SABRINA): stage 1 analysis of a randomised phase 3 study","volume":"15","author":"Davies","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2943","DOI":"10.2217\/fon-2022-0112","article-title":"Obinutuzumab in the treatment of B-cell malignancies: a comprehensive review","volume":"18","author":"Davies","year":"2022","journal-title":"Future Oncol."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-017-0717-1","article-title":"The language of biosimilars: clarification, definitions, and regulatory aspects","volume":"77","author":"Declerck","year":"2017","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E26","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.26022","article-title":"Efficacy of subcutaneous preemptive rituximab in immune-mediated thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura: experience from the first 12 cases","volume":"96","author":"Delrue","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. J. Hematol."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.18192","article-title":"The use of obinutuzumab and ofatumumab in the treatment of immune thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura","volume":"198","author":"Doyle","year":"2022","journal-title":"Br. J. Haematol."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-140-4-200402170-00028","article-title":"Responsiveness of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura to rituximab and cyclophosphamide","volume":"140","author":"Fakhouri","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann. Intern Med."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1932","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2005-03-0848","article-title":"Efficiency of curative and prophylactic treatment with rituximab in ADAMTS13-deficient thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura: a study of 11 cases","volume":"106","author":"Fakhouri","year":"2005","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1743","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1668545","article-title":"Relapse rate in survivors of acute autoimmune thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura treated with or without rituximab","volume":"118","author":"Falter","year":"2018","journal-title":"Thromb. Haemost."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000008157","article-title":"Practice guideline update summary: vaccine-Preventable infections and immunization in multiple sclerosis: report of the guideline development, dissemination, and implementation subcommittee of the American academy of neurology","volume":"93","author":"Farez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2024013313","article-title":"Relapse-free survival is progressively shortened in a subset of black patients with immune-mediated TTP treated in the rituximab era","volume":"9","author":"Fatola","year":"2025","journal-title":"Blood Adv."},{"key":"B44","first-page":"269","article-title":"Clinical pharmacokinetics during plasma exchange","volume":"55","author":"Fauvelle","year":"2000","journal-title":"Therapie"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.14221\/contra.v3i2.13447","article-title":"Implementation and evaluation of a 90-Minute rituximab infusion protocol at the richard L. roudebush VA medical center","volume":"37","author":"Fenton","year":"2020","journal-title":"Fed. Pract."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3432","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2019000575","article-title":"Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura and defective apoptosis due to CASP8\/10 mutations: the role of mycophenolate mofetil","volume":"3","author":"Fioredda","year":"2019","journal-title":"Blood Adv."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1017\/cjn.2025.10342","article-title":"First-line use of higher-efficacy disease-modifying therapies in multiple sclerosis: canadian consensus recommendations","volume":"53","author":"Freedman","year":"2025","journal-title":"Can. J. Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1097\/ccm.0b013e31822e9d66","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of first-line rituximab in severe, acquired thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura with a suboptimal response to plasma exchange. Experience of the French thrombotic microangiopathies reference center","volume":"40","author":"Froissart","year":"2012","journal-title":"Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1506","DOI":"10.1080\/10428194.2016.1233541","article-title":"Phase 2 study of ofatumumab, fludarabine and cyclophosphamide in relapsed\/refractory Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia","volume":"58","author":"Gavriatopoulou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Leuk. Lymphoma"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2024.10.034","article-title":"Bortezomib for rituximab-refractory immune-mediated thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura in the caplacizumab era: an Italian multicenter study","volume":"23","author":"Giannotta","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Thromb. Haemost."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1006\/bcmd.2002.0522","article-title":"Rituximab therapy for refractory thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura","volume":"28","author":"Gutterman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Blood Cells Mol. Dis."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.17105","article-title":"Obinutuzumab in the treatment of autoimmune haemolytic anaemia and immune thrombocytopenia in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia\/small lymphocytic lymphoma","volume":"192","author":"Herishanu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br. J. Haematol."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2014-01-550244","article-title":"Preemptive rituximab infusions after remission efficiently prevent relapses in acquired thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura","volume":"124","author":"Hie","year":"2014","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1873","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(15)60027-7","article-title":"Chlorambucil plus ofatumumab versus chlorambucil alone in previously untreated patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (COMPLEMENT 1): a randomised, multicentre, open-label phase 3 trial","volume":"385","author":"Hillmen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1638","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.26737","article-title":"Follicular lymphoma: 2023 update on diagnosis and management","volume":"97","author":"Jacobsen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am. J. Hematol."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2143","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2018-04-840090","article-title":"Preemptive rituximab prevents long-term relapses in immune-mediated thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura","volume":"132","author":"Jestin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1990","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.01990","article-title":"Systematic review of safety and efficacy of rituximab in treating immune-mediated disorders","volume":"10","author":"Kaegi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1002\/hon.2853","article-title":"High-risk follicular lymphoma: treatment options","volume":"39","author":"Kahl","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hematol. Oncol."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1186\/ar3310","article-title":"Biosimilars: a regulatory perspective from America","volume":"13","author":"Kay","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arthritis Res. Ther."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2012.01.027","article-title":"Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura: a hematological emergency","volume":"43","author":"Kessler","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Emerg. Med."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3228","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2014-06-582346","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of rituximab in adult immune thrombocytopenia: results from a prospective registry including 248 patients","volume":"124","author":"Khellaf","year":"2014","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.4161\/mabs.22771","article-title":"Epitope interactions of monoclonal antibodies targeting CD20 and their relationship to functional properties","volume":"5","author":"Klein","year":"2013","journal-title":"MAbs"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17865","DOI":"10.1021\/bi973197p","article-title":"Evidence that C1q binds specifically to CH2-like immunoglobulin gamma motifs present in the autoantigen calreticulin and interferes with complement activation","volume":"37","author":"Kovacs","year":"1998","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp1107285","article-title":"Developing the nation's biosimilars program","volume":"365","author":"Kozlowski","year":"2011","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1007\/s12185-020-02974-y","article-title":"Rituximab prolongs the time to relapse in patients with immune thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura: analysis of off-label use in Japan","volume":"112","author":"Kubo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Hematol."},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clml.2021.08.005","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of CT-P10 Versus rituximab in untreated low-tumor-burden follicular lymphoma: final results of a randomized phase III study","volume":"22","author":"Kwak","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk."},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3902","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-14-0516","article-title":"U.S. food and drug administration approval: obinutuzumab in combination with chlorambucil for the treatment of previously untreated chronic lymphocytic leukemia","volume":"20","author":"Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.19035","article-title":"Bortezomib in relapsed\/refractory immune thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura: a single-centre retrospective cohort and systematic literature review","volume":"204","author":"Lee","year":"2024","journal-title":"Br. J. Haematol."},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.4274\/tjh.galenos.2024.0132","article-title":"Obinutuzumab for the treatment of cold agglutinin disease: a case report","volume":"41","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Turk J. Haematol."},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.2147\/pgpm.s6840","article-title":"Ofatumumab: a novel monoclonal anti-CD20 antibody","volume":"3","author":"Lin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pharmgenomics Pers. Med."},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"CD012493","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012493.pub2","article-title":"Disease-modifying treatments for primary autoimmune haemolytic anaemia","volume":"3","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"B72","first-page":"e264\u2010e252","article-title":"Obinutuzumab for B-cell depletion prior to kidney transplant in a highly sensitized patient with anaphylactic reaction to rituximab","volume":"83","author":"Lizondo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Am. J. Health Syst. Pharm."},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1961","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203320953473","article-title":"Successful treatment of refractory thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura associated with systemic lupus erythematosus with combination of plasma exchange and low-dose rituximab","volume":"29","author":"Ma","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.23518","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of rituximab given at 1,000 mg on days 1 and 15 compared to the standard regimen to treat adult immune thrombocytopenia","volume":"88","author":"Mahevas","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Hematol."},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.18215","article-title":"Anti-CD20 therapeutic options in immune-mediated thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura","volume":"198","author":"Maitta","year":"2022","journal-title":"Br. J. Haematol."},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e80533","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0080533","article-title":"Subcutaneous versus intravenous administration of rituximab: pharmacokinetics, CD20 target coverage and B-cell depletion in cynomolgus monkeys","volume":"8","author":"Mao","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.3390\/ph17020235","article-title":"An overview of biosimilars-development, quality, regulatory issues, and management in healthcare","volume":"17","author":"Mascarenhas-Melo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pharm. (Basel)"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e28818","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.28818","article-title":"Bortezomib induces long-term remission in children with immune thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, refractory to plasma exchange, glucocorticoids, and rituximab: a report on two cases","volume":"68","author":"Maschan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pediatr. Blood Cancer"},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1156","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/key042","article-title":"Ofatumumab for B cell depletion in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus who are allergic to rituximab","volume":"57","author":"Masoud","year":"2018","journal-title":"Rheumatol. Oxf."},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106671","DOI":"10.1016\/j.leukres.2021.106671","article-title":"Assessment of rituximab-abbs, a biosimilar, and rituximab outcomes in patients with CLL or NHL: a real-world UK study","volume":"111","author":"McBride","year":"","journal-title":"Leuk. Res."},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biologicals.2021.05.002","article-title":"Non-clinical similarity of biosimilar ABP 798 with rituximab reference product","volume":"72","author":"McBride","year":"","journal-title":"Biologicals"},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1007\/s12185-016-2019-x","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of rituximab in Japanese patients with acquired thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura refractory to conventional therapy","volume":"104","author":"Miyakawa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Hematol."},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4393","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2009-06-225979","article-title":"Increasing the efficacy of CD20 antibody therapy through the engineering of a new type II anti-CD20 antibody with enhanced direct and immune effector cell-mediated B-cell cytotoxicity","volume":"115","author":"Mossner","year":"2010","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149062","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2025.149062","article-title":"Multimodal mass spectrometric characterization of structural microheterogeneity in rituximab reference and biosimilars","volume":"334","author":"Na","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clml.2013.02.022","article-title":"Ofatumumab in rituximab-refractory autoimmune hemolytic anemia associated with chronic lymphocytic leukemia: a case report and review of literature","volume":"13","author":"Nader","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk."},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2010-09-305847","article-title":"Epitope characterization and crystal structure of GA101 provide insights into the molecular basis for type I\/II distinction of CD20 antibodies","volume":"118","author":"Niederfellner","year":"2011","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1007\/s11523-020-00748-4","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of ABP 798: results from the JASMINE trial in patients with follicular lymphoma in comparison with rituximab reference product","volume":"15","author":"Niederwieser","year":"2020","journal-title":"Target Oncol."},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2009.02497.x","article-title":"Successful long-term rituximab maintenance for a relapsing patient with idiopathic thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura","volume":"50","author":"Ojeda-Uribe","year":"2010","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1076029618825309","DOI":"10.1177\/1076029618825309","article-title":"Comparison of the long-term remission of rituximab and conventional treatment for acquired thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"25","author":"Owattanapanich","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Appl. Thromb. Hemost."},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3092","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2016-03-703827","article-title":"Rituximab reduces risk for relapse in patients with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura","volume":"127","author":"Page","year":"2016","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2010.08428.x","article-title":"Comparison of the in vitro effects of the anti-CD20 antibodies rituximab and GA101 on chronic lymphocytic leukaemia cells","volume":"152","author":"Patz","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br. J. Haematol."},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1179\/1607845412Y.0000000073","article-title":"Low-dose rituximab for the treatment of acute thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura: report of four cases","volume":"18","author":"Pequeno-Luevano","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hematology"},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"619218","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/619218","article-title":"Successful outcome of a corticodependent Henoch-Schonlein purpura adult with rituximab","volume":"2014","author":"Pindi Sala","year":"2014","journal-title":"Case Rep. Med."},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1735","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203319881500","article-title":"Successful treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus-related refractory autoimmune hemolytic anemia with ofatumumab","volume":"28","author":"Poulet","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1586\/era.10.223","article-title":"Ofatumumab for newly diagnosed and relapsed\/refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia","volume":"11","author":"Reagan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Anticancer Ther."},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102885","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102885","article-title":"Comparison of low fixed dose versus standard-dose rituximab to treat thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura in the acute phase and preemptively during remission","volume":"59","author":"Reddy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transfus. Apher. Sci."},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1358\/dot.2008.44.3.1215197","article-title":"Ofatumumab, a human monoclonal antibody for lymphoid malignancies and autoimmune disorders","volume":"10","author":"Robak","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Mol. Ther."},{"key":"B98","first-page":"588","article-title":"GA-101, a third-generation, humanized and glyco-engineered anti-CD20 mAb for the treatment of B-cell lymphoid malignancies","volume":"10","author":"Robak","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Investig. Drugs"},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1084","DOI":"10.1080\/10428194.2016.1233536","article-title":"Ofatumumab plus fludarabine and cyclophosphamide in relapsed chronic lymphocytic leukemia: results from the COMPLEMENT 2 trial","volume":"58","author":"Robak","year":"2017","journal-title":"Leuk. Lymphoma"},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E259","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.25583","article-title":"Obinutuzumab in two patients suffering from immune-mediated thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura intolerant to rituximab","volume":"94","author":"Robertz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Hematol."},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1177\/0192623313520351","article-title":"Comparative nonclinical assessments of the proposed biosimilar PF-05280586 and rituximab (MabThera(R))","volume":"42","author":"Ryan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Toxicol. Pathol."},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.15093","article-title":"Maintenance rituximab for relapsing thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura: a case report","volume":"59","author":"Saleem","year":"2019","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1588471","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1588471","article-title":"Early caplacizumab and obinutuzumab enable successful treatment of relapsing thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura without therapeutic plasma exchange: a case report","volume":"16","author":"Schimpf","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1746","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2011-03-341131","article-title":"A phase 2 study of the safety and efficacy of rituximab with plasma exchange in acute acquired thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura","volume":"118","author":"Scully","year":"2011","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1056\/nejmra2027612","article-title":"Diffuse large B-Cell lymphoma","volume":"384","author":"Sehn","year":"2021","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2023.1946","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia: a review","volume":"329","author":"Shadman","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-47-3-582","article-title":"Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (Moschcowitz's disease): report of a case with remission after splenectomy and steroid therapy","volume":"47","author":"Shapiro","year":"1957","journal-title":"Ann. Intern Med."},{"key":"B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1007\/s40259-019-00398-7","article-title":"A randomized, double-blind, efficacy and safety Study of PF-05280586 (A rituximab biosimilar) compared with rituximab reference product (MabThera((R))) in subjects with previously untreated CD20-Positive, low-tumor-burden follicular lymphoma (LTB-FL)","volume":"34","author":"Sharman","year":"2020","journal-title":"BioDrugs"},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3941","DOI":"10.2217\/fon-2021-0618","article-title":"Real-world use and acceptance of biosimilar monoclonal antibodies of rituximab in oncology practice in the USA","volume":"17","author":"Shelbaya","year":"2021","journal-title":"Future Oncol."},{"key":"B110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc1213206","article-title":"ADAMTS13 antibody depletion by bortezomib in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura","volume":"368","author":"Shortt","year":"2013","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"B111","first-page":"398","article-title":"Long-term response to rituximab in patients with relapsing thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura","volume":"13","author":"Stein","year":"2011","journal-title":"Isr. Med. Assoc. J."},{"key":"B112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.15874","article-title":"Comparison of rituximab originator (MabThera) to biosimilar (truxima) in patients with immune-mediated thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura","volume":"185","author":"Stubbs","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br. J. Haematol."},{"key":"B113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1512","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2019031039","article-title":"Predictors of relapse and efficacy of rituximab in immune thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura","volume":"3","author":"Sun","year":"2019","journal-title":"Blood Adv."},{"key":"B114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2022.10.002","article-title":"A new treatment strategy for thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura in developing countries: a single dose rituximab-contained regimen","volume":"220","author":"Tan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Thromb. Res."},{"key":"B115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1793","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2004-01-0039","article-title":"Characterization of new human CD20 monoclonal antibodies with potent cytolytic activity against Non-Hodgkin lymphomas","volume":"104","author":"Teeling","year":"2004","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.177.1.362","article-title":"The biological activity of human CD20 monoclonal antibodies is linked to unique epitopes on CD20","volume":"177","author":"Teeling","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"B117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2024.12.012","article-title":"Obinutuzumab and ofatumumab are more effective than rituximab in the treatment of membranous nephropathy patients with anti-rituximab antibodies","volume":"10","author":"Teisseyre","year":"2025","journal-title":"Kidney Int. Rep."},{"key":"B118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2295","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2015.2797","article-title":"Long-term remission induced by low-dose rituximab for relapsed and refractory thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura: a report of two cases","volume":"10","author":"Tong","year":"2015","journal-title":"Exp. Ther. Med."},{"key":"B119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.13029","article-title":"A multi-centre, single-arm, open-label study evaluating the safety and efficacy of fixed dose rituximab in patients with refractory, relapsed or chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (R-ITP1000 study)","volume":"167","author":"Tran","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br. J. Haematol."},{"key":"B120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2062","DOI":"10.2146\/news090087","article-title":"Ofatumumab approved for advanced CLL","volume":"66","author":"Traynor","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. J. Health Syst. Pharm."},{"key":"B121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1024","DOI":"10.1177\/10781552221086222","article-title":"Rituximab-pvvr is not an independent predictor for infusion reactions in a cohort given rituximab-pvvr or rituximab: a single-center retrospective study","volume":"28","author":"Triesel","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Oncol. Pharm. Pract."},{"key":"B122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0609.2003.00026.x","article-title":"Rituximab induces remission of cerebral ischemia caused by thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura","volume":"70","author":"Tsai","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur. J. Haematol."},{"key":"B123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1007\/s11239-012-0723-9","article-title":"Efficacy of rituximab in acute refractory or chronic relapsing non-familial idiopathic thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura: a systematic review with pooled data analysis","volume":"34","author":"Tun","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Thromb. Thrombolysis"},{"key":"B124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1349-7006.2009.01392.x","article-title":"Development of novel humanized anti-CD20 antibodies based on affinity constant and epitope","volume":"101","author":"Uchiyama","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cancer Sci."},{"key":"B125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1080\/10245332.2015.1133008","article-title":"More about low-dose rituximab and plasma exchange as front-line therapy for patients with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura","volume":"21","author":"Vazquez-Mellado","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hematology"},{"key":"B126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2014.00520","article-title":"IgG subclasses and allotypes: from structure to effector functions","volume":"5","author":"Vidarsson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"B127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1517\/14712598.2013.787064","article-title":"Rituximab biosimilars","volume":"13","author":"Vital","year":"2013","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Biol. Ther."},{"key":"B128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8173903","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/8173903","article-title":"Successful use of bortezomib in an adolescent with refractory TTP","volume":"2023","author":"Wali","year":"2023","journal-title":"Case Rep. Hematol."},{"key":"B129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1560","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.20101","article-title":"How we manage immune-mediated thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura after rituximab failure or intolerance","volume":"206","author":"Weisinger","year":"","journal-title":"Br. J. Haematol."},{"key":"B130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.27550","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of obinutuzumab in immune-mediated thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura","volume":"100","author":"Weisinger","year":"","journal-title":"Am. J. Hematol."},{"key":"B131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2017008268","article-title":"Rituximab prophylaxis to prevent thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura relapse: outcome and evaluation of dosing regimens","volume":"1","author":"Westwood","year":"2017","journal-title":"Blood Adv."},{"key":"B132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lrr.2021.100275","article-title":"Role of antibody-based therapy in indolent non-hodgkin's lymphoma","volume":"16","author":"Willard","year":"2021","journal-title":"Leuk. Res. Rep."},{"key":"B133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1007\/s40259-024-00666-1","article-title":"Outcomes of rituximab-Abbs versus rituximab in patients with diffuse large B-Cell lymphoma in a noninferiority study","volume":"38","author":"Wong","year":"2024","journal-title":"BioDrugs"},{"key":"B134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1080\/14740338.2024.2348577","article-title":"Safety of marketed biosimilar monoclonal antibody cancer treatments in the US: a disproportionality analysis using the food and drug administration adverse event reporting system (FAERS) database","volume":"24","author":"Xue","year":"2025","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Drug Saf."},{"key":"B135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106827","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106827","article-title":"Effectiveness and safety of ofatumumab in treatment-naive and oral DMT-Switched multiple sclerosis patients: a multicenter observational study in China","volume":"104","author":"Yang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. Relat. Disord."},{"key":"B136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.6004\/jadpro.2018.9.5.7","article-title":"Subcutaneous rituximab in follicular lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and diffuse large B-Cell lymphoma","volume":"9","author":"Yelvington","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Adv. Pract. Oncol."},{"key":"B137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.18430","article-title":"Bortezomib, a promising alternative for patients with refractory or relapsed thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura after rituximab treatment","volume":"199","author":"Yin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Br. J. Haematol."},{"key":"B138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1515776","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1515776","article-title":"Case report: ofatumumab treatment for concomitant multiple sclerosis and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura","volume":"16","author":"Yokota","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"B139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2004.04836.x","article-title":"Rituximab for chronic recurring thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura: a case report and review of the literature","volume":"124","author":"Yomtovian","year":"2004","journal-title":"Br. J. Haematol."},{"key":"B140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1097\/00062752-200209000-00001","article-title":"ADAMTS13 and TTP","volume":"9","author":"Zheng","year":"2002","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Hematol."},{"key":"B141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-138-2-200301210-00011","article-title":"Remission of chronic thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura after treatment with cyclophosphamide and rituximab","volume":"138","author":"Zheng","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann. Intern Med."},{"key":"B142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2496","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.15010","article-title":"ISTH guidelines for treatment of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura","volume":"18","author":"Zheng","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Thromb. Haemost."},{"key":"B143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1106","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2019000795","article-title":"Adjuvant low-dose rituximab and plasma exchange for acquired TTP","volume":"134","author":"Zwicker","year":"2019","journal-title":"Blood"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fphar.2026.1766030\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T08:42:29Z","timestamp":1787560949000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fphar.2026.1766030\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]]},"references-count":143,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fphar.2026.1766030"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphar.2026.1766030","relation":{},"ISSN":["1663-9812"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1663-9812","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]]},"article-number":"1766030"}}