{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T16:06:37Z","timestamp":1779984397157,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776384000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100023674","name":"Deanship of Scientific Research, King Khalid University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100023674","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pharmacol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD), marked by gradual cognitive decline and memory deterioration, poses a major global health concern and ranks as the fourth leading contributor to disability-adjusted life years. Genus\n                      <jats:italic>Vitex<\/jats:italic>\n                      is one of the largest genera of the family Lamiaceae, with reported neuroprotective activity attributed to the abundance of diverse bioactive metabolites. The current study aimed to investigate the phytochemical constituents of the defatted methanol extract of\n                      <jats:italic>Vitex pubescens<\/jats:italic>\n                      bark as well as evaluate its neuroprotective activity.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The neuroprotective assessment includes histopathological examination, behavior tests, and biochemical analysis,\n                      <jats:italic>viz, in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      acetylcholinesterase (AChE) concentration\n                      <jats:italic>via<\/jats:italic>\n                      enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and AChE inhibitory activity using Ellman\u2019s microplate assay.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The phytochemical investigations revealed the isolation of six compounds,\n                      <jats:italic>viz<\/jats:italic>\n                      . betulinic acid, vanillic acid,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      -hydroxybenzoic acid, orientin-2\u1ffd\u02ca-\n                      <jats:italic>O-\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                      -L-rhamnoside, isoorientin, and orientin. Histopathological examination indicated notable hippocampal recovery in the\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      -BuOH and orientin groups, exceeding improvements observed with other treated groups with defatted methanol extract.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The neuroprotective evaluation using behavioral and biochemical analyses demonstrated dose-dependent neuroprotective effects of the defatted methanol extract, with the\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      -BuOH fraction showing the strongest anti-dementia activity, reflected by enhanced AChE inhibition and improved neuronal integrity.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The findings of this study reveal the potential of the defatted methanolic extract and\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      -buOH fraction of\n                      <jats:italic>Vitex pubescens<\/jats:italic>\n                      bark as a natural candidate for managing the progression of Alzheimer\u2019s disease.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2026.1775571","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T05:19:50Z","timestamp":1776403190000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Neuroprotective effect of standardized Vitex pubescens Vahl bark extract and its n-butanol fraction against scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment in Sprague-Dawley rats in relationship to its isolated phytochemicals"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Safa","family":"Abdelbaset","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt (BUE)","place":["Cairo, Egypt"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iriny M.","family":"Ayoub","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University","place":["Cairo, Egypt"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rasha A.","family":"Tawfiq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Drug Research and Development Group (DRD-G), The British University in Egypt (BUE)","place":["Cairo, Egypt"]},{"name":"Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt (BUE)","place":["Cairo, Egypt"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taghreed A.","family":"Majrashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University","place":["Abha, Saudi Arabia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahmoud A.","family":"El Hassab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Salman International University (KSIU)","place":["El Tor, Egypt"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wagdy","family":"Eldehna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University","place":["Kafr ElShaikh, Egypt"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dina M.","family":"El-kersh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt (BUE)","place":["Cairo, Egypt"]},{"name":"Drug Research and Development Group (DRD-G), The British University in Egypt (BUE)","place":["Cairo, Egypt"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Omayma A.","family":"Eldahshan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University","place":["Cairo, Egypt"]},{"name":"Center for Drug Discovery Research and Development, Ain Shams University","place":["Cairo, Egypt"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2718","DOI":"10.1080\/14786419.2022.2124512","article-title":"GC-MS profiling of Vitex pinnata bark lipophilic extract and screening of its anti-TB and cytotoxic activities","volume":"37","author":"Abdelbaset","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. 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