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While there has been progress in overall cancer survival, some cancers and patient populations still have a poor prognosis. To bridge the gaps of drug failure and aid underserved patient populations, drug translation cannot be viewed as a purely linear process, but one in which continual refinement is used to create more efficacious drug candidates. Additionally, pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling could prove instrumental in better understanding drug efficacy in cellular models and in evaluating clinical translation potential with greater accuracy. The path forward in clinical pharmacology is to view drug development and efficacy as a dynamic process rather than a purely linear fashion. 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