{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T10:49:11Z","timestamp":1782989351560,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":125,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782950400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pharmacol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Acute kidney injury (AKI), characterized by a rapid decline in renal function, represents a significant global health burden due to its high mortality and frequent progression to chronic kidney disease (CKD). Ischemia\/reperfusion (I\/R) injury is a major cause of AKI, yet clinically effective pharmacotherapies remain elusive. The pathogenesis of I\/R-AKI is critically driven by regulated cell death (RCD) pathways\u2014including apoptosis, ferroptosis, pyroptosis, and necroptosis\u2014which mediate tubular epithelial damage and inflammatory responses. Consequently, targeting these RCD pathways emerges as a promising therapeutic strategy. Certain bioactive metabolites found in medicinal plants, including those used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), have demonstrated considerable potential in alleviating renal I\/R injury. This review provides a detailed analysis of the mechanistic roles of key RCD pathways in I\/R-AKI. Furthermore, it synthesizes preclinical evidence over recent decades to illustrate how specific TCM metabolites (e.g., hydroxysafflor yellow A, silibinin, salvianolic acid B, and gypenoside XLIX) confer renoprotection by modulating these RCD processes. To our knowledge, this work is the first to integrate the four major RCD pathways with a spectrum of TCM metabolites that modulate these processes in I\/R-AKI. By presenting this integrated perspective, our review highlights TCM as a valuable repository for promising modulators of RCD pathways in I\/R-AKI and outlines key priorities for future translational research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2026.1779205","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T09:56:18Z","timestamp":1782986178000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Modulating regulated cell death: mechanistic insights into traditional Chinese medicine metabolites for ischemia\/reperfusion-induced acute kidney injury"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Shaowu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa","place":["Macau, China"]},{"name":"Department of Nephrology, National Clinical Key Specialty Construction Program (2023); Institute of Nephrology; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-communicable Diseases; Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City; Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong Medical University","place":["Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiawen","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, National Clinical Key Specialty Construction Program (2023); Institute of Nephrology; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-communicable Diseases; Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City; Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong Medical University","place":["Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tongtong","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong Medical University","place":["Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jixin","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, National Clinical Key Specialty Construction Program (2023); Institute of Nephrology; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-communicable Diseases; Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City; Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong Medical University","place":["Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liping","family":"Ou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, National Clinical Key Specialty Construction Program (2023); Institute of Nephrology; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-communicable Diseases; Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City; Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong Medical University","place":["Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, National Clinical Key Specialty Construction Program (2023); Institute of Nephrology; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-communicable Diseases; Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City; Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong Medical University","place":["Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Betty Yuen Kwan","family":"Law","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa","place":["Macau, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huafeng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa","place":["Macau, China"]},{"name":"Department of Nephrology, National Clinical Key Specialty Construction Program (2023); Institute of Nephrology; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-communicable Diseases; Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City; Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong Medical University","place":["Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1186\/s40360-024-00809-8","article-title":"Nephroprotective role of resveratrol in renal ischemia-reperfusion injury: a preclinical study in Sprague-Dawley rats","volume":"25","author":"Alaasam","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Pharmacol. Toxicol."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188314","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbcan.2019.188314","article-title":"Challenges in liver cancer and possible treatment approaches","volume":"1873","author":"Anwanwan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta Rev. Cancer"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1999-7600","article-title":"The effects of quercetin on apoptosis and antioxidant activity in a renal ischemia\/reperfusion injury animal model","volume":"73","author":"Bagheri","year":"2023","journal-title":"Drug Res. (Stuttg)"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9173","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-27217-3","article-title":"Protective effect of hydroxysafflor yellow A against acute kidney injury via the TLR4\/NF-\u03baB signaling pathway","volume":"8","author":"Bai","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1111\/bcpt.13275","article-title":"Cryptotanshinone ameliorates renal ischaemia-reperfusion injury by inhibiting apoptosis and inflammatory response","volume":"125","author":"Bai","year":"2019","journal-title":"Basic Clin. Pharmacol. Toxicol."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2531","DOI":"10.1113\/ep089887","article-title":"miR-302a-3p targets FMR1 to regulate pyroptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells induced by hypoxia-reoxygenation injury","volume":"106","author":"Bai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Exp. Physiol."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581-023-00689-x","article-title":"Ferroptotic mechanisms and therapeutic targeting of iron metabolism and lipid peroxidation in the kidney","volume":"19","author":"Bay\u0131r","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Nephrol."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1705-2","article-title":"The CoQ oxidoreductase FSP1 acts parallel to GPX4 to inhibit ferroptosis","volume":"575","author":"Bersuker","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2248","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jcim.0c01227","article-title":"Toward an understanding of pan-assay interference compounds and promiscuity: a structural perspective on binding modes","volume":"61","author":"Bolz","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Chem. Inf. Model."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10282","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)67521-0","article-title":"The involvement of iron in lipid peroxidation. Importance of ferric to ferrous ratios in initiation","volume":"261","author":"Braughler","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.1080\/0886022x.2022.2098764","article-title":"Disulfiram ameliorates ischemia\/reperfusion-induced acute kidney injury by suppressing the caspase-11-GSDMD pathway","volume":"44","author":"Cai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ren. Fail"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1794","DOI":"10.1097\/cm9.0000000000003698","article-title":"Cellular senescence in renal ischemia-reperfusion injury","volume":"138","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chin. Med. J. Engl."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3445","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.6b00470","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of aurantiamide and aurantiamide acetate in rats after oral administration of Portulaca oleracea L. extracts","volume":"64","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"878","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-018-0936-8","article-title":"RIPK3-MLKL-mediated necroinflammation contributes to AKI progression to CKD","volume":"9","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1539886","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2025.1539886","article-title":"Nephroprotective effects of substances of medicine food homology and traditional Chinese medicine phytochemicals against acute kidney injury","volume":"16","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1007\/s12026-025-09613-w","article-title":"Echinocystic acid ameliorates ischemic acute kidney injury in neonatal rats by attenuating ferroptosis via the Nrf2\/GPX4 pathway","volume":"73","author":"Dang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Immunol. Res."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103360","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2024.103360","article-title":"Silibinin attenuates ferroptosis in acute kidney injury by targeting FTH1","volume":"77","author":"Deng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1186\/s10020-023-00642-5","article-title":"Cyanidin-3-glucoside inhibits ferroptosis in renal tubular cells after ischemia\/reperfusion injury via the AMPK pathway","volume":"29","author":"Du","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol. Med."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114463","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114463","article-title":"Vaccarin alleviates renal ischemia-reperfusion injury by inhibiting inflammation and ferroptosis","volume":"153","author":"Fan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-arplant-050312-120132","article-title":"ROS-Mediated lipid peroxidation and RES-Activated signaling","volume":"64","author":"Farmer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Plant Biol."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1949","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transproceed.2004.07.050","article-title":"Effect of ligustrazine on ischemia-reperfusion injury in murine kidney","volume":"36","author":"Feng","year":"2004","journal-title":"Transpl. Proc."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2009.04.005","article-title":"The protective mechanism of ligustrazine against renal ischemia\/reperfusion injury","volume":"166","author":"Feng","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Surg. Res."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1894","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11121894","article-title":"RIP3 translocation into mitochondria promotes mitofilin degradation to increase inflammation and kidney injury after renal ischemia-reperfusion","volume":"11","author":"Feng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1038\/s41418-017-0012-4","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of cell death: recommendations of the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death 2018","volume":"25","author":"Galluzzi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.03.020","article-title":"ESCRT-III acts downstream of MLKL to regulate necroptotic cell death and its consequences","volume":"169","author":"Gong","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2025.13586","article-title":"\u03b2-elemene attenuates IRI-AKI by inhibiting inflammation and apoptosis via suppression of the TLR4\/MyD88\/NF-\u03baB\/MAPK signal axis activation","volume":"32","author":"Gong","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1007\/s10495-013-0801-2","article-title":"Astragaloside IV prevents acute kidney injury in two rodent models by inhibiting oxidative stress and apoptosis pathways","volume":"18","author":"Gui","year":"2013","journal-title":"Apoptosis"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1168","DOI":"10.22038\/ijbms.2023.71779.15596","article-title":"Costunolide prevents renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats by reducing autophagy, apoptosis, inflammation, and DNA damage","volume":"26","author":"G\u00fcler","year":"2023","journal-title":"Iran. J. Basic Med. Sci."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1093\/abbs\/gmz145","article-title":"Cordycepin protects renal ischemia\/reperfusion injury through regulating inflammation, apoptosis, and oxidative stress","volume":"52","author":"Han","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Biochim. Biophys. Sin. (Shanghai)"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2011.120","article-title":"Apoptosis and acute kidney injury","volume":"80","author":"Havasi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112745","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.112745","article-title":"Aurantiamide mitigates acute kidney injury by suppressing renal necroptosis and inflammation via GRPR-Dependent mechanism","volume":"139","author":"He","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e985550","DOI":"10.4161\/23723556.2014.985550","article-title":"Flicking the molecular switch underlying MLKL-Mediated necroptosis","volume":"2","author":"Hildebrand","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. Cell Oncol."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.2119\/molmed.2015.00056","article-title":"Aloperine protects mice against ischemia-reperfusion (IR)-induced renal injury by regulating PI3K\/AKT\/mTOR signaling and AP-1 activity","volume":"21","author":"Hu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Med."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1002\/ddr.21853","article-title":"Loganin exerts a protective effect on ischemia-reperfusion-induced acute kidney injury by regulating JAK2\/STAT3 and Nrf2\/HO-1 signaling pathways","volume":"83","author":"Huang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Drug Dev. Res."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.3892\/ijmm.2020.4464","article-title":"Ligustrazine ameliorates acute kidney injury through downregulation of NOD2-mediated inflammation","volume":"45","author":"Jiang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Med."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2020.11704","article-title":"Effects and molecular mechanism of pachymic acid on ferroptosis in renal ischemia reperfusion injury","volume":"23","author":"Jiang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108433","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abb.2020.108433","article-title":"Necroptosis in renal ischemia\/reperfusion injury: a major mode of cell death?","volume":"689","author":"Jun","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arch. Biochem. Biophys."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581-022-00658-w","article-title":"Role of necroptosis in kidney health and disease","volume":"19","author":"Kolbrink","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Nephrol."},{"key":"B39","first-page":"2245","article-title":"Sesamin protects against renal ischemia reperfusion injury by promoting CD39-adenosine-A2AR signal pathway in mice","volume":"8","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Transl. Res."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2019.01197","article-title":"Neferine attenuates acute kidney injury by inhibiting NF-\u03baB signaling and upregulating klotho expression","volume":"10","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2020.107169","article-title":"Protective effect of taraxasterol on ischemia\/reperfusion-induced acute kidney injury via inhibition of oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis","volume":"89","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1489","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-021-02993-6","article-title":"Ochratoxin A induces nephrotoxicity in vitro and in vivo via pyroptosis","volume":"95","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arch. Toxicol."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13137","DOI":"10.1111\/cpr.13137","article-title":"Pyroptosis: a promising therapeutic target for noninfectious diseases","volume":"54","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Prolif."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1065867","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.1065867","article-title":"Ferroptosis: a new insight for treatment of acute kidney injury","volume":"13","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1023713","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.1023713","article-title":"Role of potential bioactive metabolites from traditional Chinese medicine for type 2 diabetes mellitus: an overview","volume":"13","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-023-05557-x","article-title":"Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 alleviates mitochondrial dysfunction by promoting PGC-1\u03b1-mediated biogenesis in acute kidney injury","volume":"14","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1038\/s41420-024-01979-4","article-title":"The emerging role of regulated cell death in ischemia and reperfusion-induced acute kidney injury: current evidence and future perspectives","volume":"10","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Death Discov."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7483","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-62433-2","article-title":"The long non-coding RNA RSDR protects against acute kidney injury in mice by interacting with hnRNPK to regulate DHODH-Mediated ferroptosis","volume":"16","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2488139","DOI":"10.1080\/0886022x.2025.2488139","article-title":"The critical role of ion channels in kidney disease: perspective from AKI and CKD","volume":"47","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ren. Fail"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1007\/s11418-018-1210-1","article-title":"Berberine protects renal tubular cells against hypoxia\/reoxygenation injury via the Sirt1\/p53 pathway","volume":"72","author":"Lin","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Nat. Med."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16836","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1415518111","article-title":"Synchronized renal tubular cell death involves ferroptosis","volume":"111","author":"Linkermann","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1097\/SHK.0b013e3181ceede4","article-title":"Notoginsenoside R1 attenuates renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats","volume":"34","author":"Liu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Shock"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-019-01120-z","article-title":"Ellagic acid ameliorates renal ischemic-reperfusion injury through NOX4\/JAK\/STAT signaling pathway","volume":"43","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Inflammation"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.108193","article-title":"Scutellarein relieves the death and inflammation of tubular epithelial cells in ischemic kidney injury by degradation of COX-2 protein","volume":"101","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113941","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2022.113941","article-title":"Coptisine protects against hyperuricemic nephropathy through alleviating inflammation, oxidative stress and mitochondrial apoptosis via PI3K\/Akt signaling pathway","volume":"156","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"862584","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.862584","article-title":"Tilianin reduces apoptosis via the ERK\/EGR1\/BCL2L1 pathway in Ischemia\/reperfusion-induced acute kidney injury mice","volume":"13","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4697","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2016.5128","article-title":"Attenuation of renal ischemia\/reperfusion injury by oleanolic acid preconditioning via its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic activities","volume":"13","author":"Long","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e15682","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e15682","article-title":"Emodin prevents renal ischemia-reperfusion injury via suppression of p53-mediated cell apoptosis based on network pharmacology","volume":"9","author":"Lu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"F617","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00193.2021","article-title":"A naturally occurring FXR agonist, alisol B 23-acetate, protects against renal ischemia-reperfusion injury","volume":"321","author":"Luan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Ren. Physiol."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1700004","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1700004","article-title":"Targeting ferroptosis: novel therapeutic approaches and intervention strategies for kidney diseases","volume":"16","author":"Luo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109754","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2023.109754","article-title":"Paeoniflorin alleviates ischemia\/reperfusion induced acute kidney injury by inhibiting Slc7a11-mediated ferroptosis","volume":"116","author":"Ma","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03539-7","article-title":"DHODH-Mediated ferroptosis defence is a targetable vulnerability in cancer","volume":"593","author":"Mao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2016.07.032","article-title":"Polydatin ameliorates renal ischemia\/reperfusion injury by decreasing apoptosis and oxidative stress through activating sonic hedgehog signaling pathway","volume":"96","author":"Meng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1695","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-022-00868-z","article-title":"Roles of RIPK3 in necroptosis, cell signaling, and disease","volume":"54","author":"Morgan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Exp. Mol. Med."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1398","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagen.2019.06.010","article-title":"Iron homeostasis and iron-regulated ROS in cell death, senescence and human diseases","volume":"1863","author":"Nakamura","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta Gen. Subj."},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1565","DOI":"10.1038\/cdd.2016.46","article-title":"RIPK3 deficiency or catalytically inactive RIPK1 provides greater benefit than MLKL deficiency in mouse models of inflammation and tissue injury","volume":"23","author":"Newton","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ."},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"F4","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00275.2023","article-title":"Cell death induced by acute renal injury: a perspective on the contributions of accidental and programmed cell death","volume":"327","author":"Noh","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Ren. Physiol."},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2196","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11112196","article-title":"Targeting ferroptosis as a promising therapeutic strategy for ischemia-reperfusion injury","volume":"11","author":"Pan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Antioxidants (Basel)"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"541426","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.541426","article-title":"Andrade-oliveira salvianolic acid B modulates Caspase-1-Mediated pyroptosis in renal ischemia-reperfusion injury via Nrf2 pathway","volume":"11","author":"Pang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115302","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2022.115302","article-title":"Regulation of blood pressure by natural sulfur compounds: focus on their mechanisms of action","volume":"206","author":"Piragine","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112596","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.112596","article-title":"Loureirin C improves mitochondrial function by promoting NRF2 nuclear translocation to attenuate oxidative damage caused by renal ischemia-reperfusion injury","volume":"138","author":"Qi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-026-08570-y","article-title":"FAK\/SRC-JNK axis promotes ferroptosis via upregulating ACSL4 expression","volume":"17","author":"Qin","year":"2026","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1042","DOI":"10.1038\/s41556-020-0565-1","article-title":"Ferroptosis occurs through an osmotic mechanism and propagates independently of cell rupture","volume":"22","author":"Riegman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Cell Biol."},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.3390\/life12020256","article-title":"BH3-Only proteins noxa and puma are key regulators of induced apoptosis","volume":"12","author":"Roufayel","year":"2022","journal-title":"Life (Basel)"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2427802","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/2427802","article-title":"Several alkaloids in Chinese herbal medicine exert protection in acute kidney injury: focus on mechanism and target analysis","volume":"2022","author":"Rui","year":"2022","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell Longev."},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581-023-00694-0","article-title":"Regulated cell death pathways in kidney disease","volume":"19","author":"Sanz","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Nephrol."},{"key":"B77","first-page":"231","article-title":"Chemical characterization of Magnolia biondii (Flos Magnoliae, Xin Yi)","volume":"4","author":"Sch\u00fchly","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Commun."},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2023.155252","article-title":"Madecassoside alleviates acute kidney injury by regulating JNK-Mediated oxidative stress and programmed cell death","volume":"123","author":"Shan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10229","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms221910229","article-title":"Ganoderic acids prevent renal ischemia reperfusion injury by inhibiting inflammation and apoptosis","volume":"22","author":"Shao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2019.06.025","article-title":"Necrostatin-1 attenuates renal ischemia and reperfusion injury via meditation of HIF-1\u03b1\/mir-26a\/TRPC6\/PARP1 signaling","volume":"17","author":"Shen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Ther. Nucleic Acids"},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114849","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2023.114849","article-title":"Ferroptosis: a new mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine compounds for treating acute kidney injury","volume":"163","author":"Shi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.09.021","article-title":"Ferroptosis: a regulated cell death nexus linking metabolism, redox biology, and disease","volume":"171","author":"Stockwell","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aan4886","article-title":"The protective role of macrophage migration inhibitory factor in acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery","volume":"10","author":"Stoppe","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1177","DOI":"10.21037\/tau-22-505","article-title":"Astragaloside IV protects against ischemia\/reperfusion (I\/R)-induced kidney injury based on the Keap1-Nrf2\/ARE signaling pathway","volume":"11","author":"Su","year":"2022","journal-title":"Transl. Androl. Urol."},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2655","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2020.11378","article-title":"Tetramethylpyrazine alleviates acute kidney injury by inhibiting NLRP3\/HIF-1\u03b1 and apoptosis","volume":"22","author":"Sun","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121608","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2023.121608","article-title":"TRIM21 ubiquitylates GPX4 and promotes ferroptosis to aggravate ischemia\/reperfusion-induced acute kidney injury","volume":"321","author":"Sun","year":"2023","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2018.11.034","article-title":"\u03b2-hydroxybutyrate attenuates renal ischemia-reperfusion injury through its anti-pyroptotic effects","volume":"95","author":"Tajima","year":"2019","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1007\/s00210-020-01932-z","article-title":"Ferroptosis occurs in phase of reperfusion but not ischemia in rat heart following ischemia or ischemia\/reperfusion","volume":"394","author":"Tang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Naunyn Schmiedeb. Arch. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2023.12269","article-title":"Xanthohumol attenuates renal ischemia\/reperfusion injury by inhibiting ferroptosis","volume":"26","author":"Tang","year":"","journal-title":"Exp. Ther. Med."},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2023.12206","article-title":"Salidroside inhibits renal ischemia\/reperfusion injury-induced ferroptosis by the PI3K\/AKT signaling pathway","volume":"26","author":"Tang","year":"","journal-title":"Exp. Ther. Med."},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4402","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-24712-6","article-title":"Dysfunction of the key ferroptosis-surveilling systems hypersensitizes mice to tubular necrosis during acute kidney injury","volume":"12","author":"Tonnus","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-022-05230-9","article-title":"Gasdermin D-deficient mice are hypersensitive to acute kidney injury","volume":"13","author":"Tonnus","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.3109\/0886022x.2014.996843","article-title":"Renoprotective effect of berberine via intonation on apoptosis and mitochondrial-dependent pathway in renal ischemia reperfusion-induced mutilation","volume":"37","author":"Visnagri","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ren. Fail"},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2289","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.4837","article-title":"Berberine attenuates pyroptosis in renal tubular epithelial cells by activating the FOXO3a\/ARC pathway","volume":"45","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Appl. Toxicol."},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2014.11.011","article-title":"Mangiferin attenuates renal ischemia-reperfusion injury by inhibiting inflammation and inducing adenosine production","volume":"25","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"616947","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2020.616947","article-title":"Identification of MicroRNA-92a-3p as an essential regulator of tubular epithelial cell pyroptosis by targeting Nrf1 via HO-1","volume":"11","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Genet."},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1002\/ctm2.13","article-title":"NLRP3 inflammasome, an immune-inflammatory target in pathogenesis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Transl. Med."},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1111\/nep.13841","article-title":"Nicotiflorin attenuates cell apoptosis in renal ischemia-reperfusion injury through activating transcription factor 3","volume":"26","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nephrol. Carlt."},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2020.07.007","article-title":"Quercetin alleviates acute kidney injury by inhibiting ferroptosis","volume":"28","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Adv. Res."},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2022.11677","article-title":"Protective effect of hydroxysafflor yellow A on renal ischemia--reperfusion injury by targeting the Akt-Nrf2 axis in mice","volume":"24","author":"Wang","year":"","journal-title":"Exp. Ther. Med."},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174603","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.174603","article-title":"Emodin prevents renal ischemia-reperfusion injury via suppression of CAMKII\/DRP1-mediated mitochondrial fission","volume":"916","author":"Wang","year":"","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2023.176187","article-title":"Gypenoside XVII attenuates renal ischemia-reperfusion injury by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress and NLRP3 inflammasome-triggered pyroptosis","volume":"962","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156857","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156857","article-title":"Hydroxysafflower yellow A mitigates renal ischemia-reperfusion injury by inhibiting the CCR4-mediated apoptosis pathway","volume":"143","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1080\/10715762.2019.1623883","article-title":"Protective effect of hyperoside against renal ischemia-reperfusion injury via modulating mitochondrial fission, oxidative stress, and apoptosis","volume":"53","author":"Wu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Free Radic. Res."},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2020.00906","article-title":"Tisp40 induces tubular epithelial cell GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis in renal ischemia-reperfusion injury via NF-\u03baB signaling","volume":"11","author":"Xiao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24154","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.16530","article-title":"Berberine nanoparticles protects tubular epithelial cells from renal ischemia-reperfusion injury","volume":"8","author":"Xie","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1186\/s12882-023-03366-0","article-title":"Paeoniflorin alleviates hypoxia\/reoxygenation injury in HK-2 cells by inhibiting apoptosis and repressing oxidative damage via Keap1\/Nrf2\/HO-1 pathway","volume":"24","author":"Xing","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Nephrol."},{"key":"B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2256","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2019.7189","article-title":"Chrysin protects against renal ischemia reperfusion induced tubular cell apoptosis and inflammation in mice","volume":"17","author":"Xu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Exp. Ther. Med."},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.21037\/atm-21-337","article-title":"Eriocitrin attenuates ischemia reperfusion-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in rats with acute kidney injury by regulating the dual-specificity phosphatase 14 (DUSP14)-Mediated Nrf2 and nuclear factor-\u03baB (NF-\u03baB) pathways","volume":"9","author":"Xu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann. Transl. Med."},{"key":"B110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156672","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156672","article-title":"Schisandrin B regulates mitochondrial dynamics via AKT1 activation and mitochondrial targeting to ameliorate renal ischemia-reperfusion injury","volume":"141","author":"Xu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"B111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2018.07.020","article-title":"DMT1 and iron transport","volume":"133","author":"Yanatori","year":"2019","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"B112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"F75","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00117.2013","article-title":"Ischemia-reperfusion induces renal tubule pyroptosis via the CHOP-caspase-11 pathway","volume":"306","author":"Yang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Ren. Physiol."},{"key":"B113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2017.02.067","article-title":"Diosmetin protects against ischemia\/reperfusion-induced acute kidney injury in mice","volume":"214","author":"Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Surg. Res."},{"key":"B114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153541","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2021.153541","article-title":"Gypenoside XLIX protects against acute kidney injury by suppressing IGFBP7\/IGF1R-mediated programmed cell death and inflammation","volume":"85","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"B115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1038\/s41420-025-02557-y","article-title":"Roles of ACSL4\/GPX4 and FSP1 in oxalate-induced acute kidney injury","volume":"11","author":"Ye","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell Death Discov."},{"key":"B116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1186\/1479-5876-11-24","article-title":"Berberine protects human renal proximal tubular cells from hypoxia\/reoxygenation injury via inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondrial stress pathways","volume":"11","author":"Yu","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Transl. Med."},{"key":"B117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3200","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-017-0041-4","article-title":"Extracellular vesicles from human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (hiPSC-MSCs) protect against renal ischemia\/reperfusion injury via delivering specificity protein (SP1) and transcriptional activating of sphingosine kinase 1 and inhibiting necroptosis","volume":"8","author":"Yuan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"B118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1007\/s10863-025-10076-9","article-title":"Total favonoids of Desmodium Styracifolium relieve renal ischemia-reperfusion injury by suppressing ferroptosis through P53\/SLC7A11\/GPX4 signaling pathway","volume":"57","author":"Yuan","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Bioenerg. Biomembr."},{"key":"B119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107452","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2019.107452","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory effects of paeoniflorin and total glucosides of paeony","volume":"207","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"B120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3214196","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/3214196","article-title":"New insights into the Nrf-2\/HO-1 signaling axis and its application in pediatric respiratory diseases","volume":"2019","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell Longev."},{"key":"B121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5992436","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/5992436","article-title":"Naringenin alleviates renal ischemia reperfusion injury by suppressing ER stress-induced pyroptosis and apoptosis through activating Nrf2\/HO-1 signaling pathway","volume":"2022","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell Longev."},{"key":"B122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109757","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2023.109757","article-title":"Cytoplasmic HMGB1 induces renal tubular ferroptosis after ischemia\/reperfusion","volume":"116","author":"Zhao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"B123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1625","DOI":"10.3390\/biom12111625","article-title":"Pyroptosis: a newly discovered therapeutic target for ischemia-reperfusion injury","volume":"12","author":"Zheng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"B124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13354","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.28609","article-title":"Cryptotanshinone inhibits hypoxia\/reoxygenation-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in renal tubular epithelial cells","volume":"120","author":"Zhu","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Cell Biochem."},{"key":"B125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2400305","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202400305","article-title":"SNORD3A regulates STING transcription to promote ferroptosis in acute kidney injury","volume":"11","author":"Zhu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Sci. (Weinh)"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fphar.2026.1779205\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T09:56:20Z","timestamp":1782986180000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fphar.2026.1779205\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]]},"references-count":125,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fphar.2026.1779205"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphar.2026.1779205","relation":{},"ISSN":["1663-9812"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1663-9812","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]]},"article-number":"1779205"}}