{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T09:51:42Z","timestamp":1791021102842,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783900800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pharmacol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Cimicifuga foetida<\/jats:italic>\n                      L. is widely applied in the clinical treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC); however, its active components and mechanisms have not been deeply investigated. The objective of this study is to investigate the potential bioactive constituents of\n                      <jats:italic>C. foetida<\/jats:italic>\n                      L. for the treatment of UC, and elucidate its therapeutic mechanism.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The crude polysaccharide of\n                      <jats:italic>C. foetida<\/jats:italic>\n                      L. was extracted by hot water and purified by DEAE Sepharose\u2122 Fast Flow column to obtain, and named SM05. The structure was determined by HPLC, FT-IR and SEM. The effect of polysaccharide (SM05) on the mouse UC model and its mechanism of action were investigated using a dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced UC model. Changes in body weight, disease activity index, colon length, organ index, histopathological injury, cytokine expression and intestinal tight junction proteins were measured to evaluate the effect of SM05 on UC. IHC, RT-qPCR, and 16s rDNA sequencing were performed to elucidate the underlying mechanism.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      SM05 is mainly composed of mannose, glucose, galactose, and arabinose. SM05 exerts antioxidant effects by activating the Nrf2\/Keap1 pathway, thereby inhibiting the NLRP3-induced pyroptosis pathway. This reduces abnormal intestinal cell death and the secretion of inflammatory cytokines, thus protecting the intestinal barrier and suppressing further inflammation. Additionally, SM05 modulates the gut microbiota structure in mice with ulcerative colitis by reducing pathogenic bacteria (e.g.,\n                      <jats:italic>Bacteroides<\/jats:italic>\n                      and Desulfovibrio) that damage the intestinal barrier and increasing the abundance of beneficial bacteria (e.g., Akkermansia and Saccharibacteria), thereby alleviating the progression of ulcerative colitis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In the preliminary biological assessment, the polysaccharide subfraction SM05 alleviated the symptoms of UC induced by DSS. This effect may be related to the activation of the Nrf2\/Keap1 pathway, the inhibition of pyroptosis, and the regulation of the intestinal microbiota.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2026.1780518","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T05:35:15Z","timestamp":1783920915000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Cimicifuga foetida L. polysaccharide alleviates ulcerative colitis by inhibiting pyroptosis and regulating gut microbiota"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Qing","family":"Luo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacology Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","place":["Zhongshan, China"]},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Mechanism and Quality of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology","place":["Taipa, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yangyang","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacology Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","place":["Zhongshan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhihua","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacology Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","place":["Zhongshan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ximin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacology Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","place":["Zhongshan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liu","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacology Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","place":["Zhongshan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gengting","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacology Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","place":["Zhongshan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shunan","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacology Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","place":["Zhongshan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weibo","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacology Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","place":["Zhongshan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2023.08.008","article-title":"Targeting Desulfovibrio vulgaris flagellin-induced NAIP\/NLRC4 inflammasome activation in macrophages attenuates ulcerative colitis","volume":"52","author":"An","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. 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