{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T16:25:46Z","timestamp":1787329546705,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":106,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787270400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pharmacol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy (SIC), a severe complication of sepsis, is strongly associated with significantly increased patient mortality, yet targeted therapeutic strategies remain lacking. Emerging evidence has established ferroptosis, an iron-dependent, lipid peroxidation-mediated regulated cell death pathway, as a critical pathogenic mechanism underlying SIC. Iron metabolism dysregulation plays a central role in SIC. Although sepsis reduces circulating iron levels, iron paradoxically accumulates in myocardial tissues. This abnormal redistribution of iron leads to uncontrollable lipid peroxidation in cardiac tissue, ultimately aggravating myocardial injury. In recent years, the application of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in the treatment of sepsis has become increasingly widespread. Moreover, due to its multi-target and multi-pathway advantages, TCM has shown considerable potential in the intervention of ferroptosis. However, due to the lack of understanding of the precise molecular mechanism, the therapeutic potential of TCM and its active components in SIC has not been fully explored. This review summarizes the mechanism of ferroptosis in the pathogenesis of SIC, and comprehensively synthesizes the mechanism and application potential of TCM targeting ferroptosis for SIC intervention, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for the development of innovative treatment strategies and the improvement of prognosis of SIC.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2026.1785167","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T15:20:12Z","timestamp":1787325612000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Targeting ferroptosis in sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy: mechanisms and therapeutic potential of traditional Chinese Medicine"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Guoxia","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongshuan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuli","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuce","family":"Ling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingwen","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nan","family":"Kou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingqin","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinyuan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fan","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanwei","family":"Xing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guang\u2019anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nan","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.3390\/ph16071020","article-title":"Recent advances in potential health benefits of quercetin","volume":"16","author":"Aghababaei","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pharm. Basel Switz."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3339","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaf340","article-title":"Sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy","volume":"46","author":"Aissaoui","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2073","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-016-4503-4","article-title":"Cardiac dysfunction in sepsis","volume":"42","author":"Aneman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2248","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jcim.0c01227","article-title":"Toward an understanding of pan-assay interference compounds and promiscuity: a structural perspective on binding modes","volume":"61","author":"Bolz","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Chem. Inf. Model."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1186\/s13613-018-0407-5","article-title":"Iron metabolism in critically ill patients developing anemia of inflammation: a case control study","volume":"8","author":"Boshuizen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann. Intensive Care"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1186\/s40560-020-00495-8","article-title":"Linkage of alterations in systemic iron homeostasis to patients\u2019 outcome in sepsis: a prospective study","volume":"8","author":"Brandtner","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Intensive Care"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1523","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20071523","article-title":"Resveratrol and its effects on the vascular system","volume":"20","author":"Breuss","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2992","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11192992","article-title":"TMEM43 protects against sepsis-induced cardiac injury via inhibiting ferroptosis in mice","volume":"11","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-014-0470-8","article-title":"Silencing airway epithelial cell-derived hepcidin exacerbates sepsis induced acute lung injury","volume":"18","author":"Chen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Crit. Care Lond. Engl"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2011.01.001","article-title":"Cecal ligation and puncture: the Gold standard model for polymicrobial sepsis?","volume":"19","author":"Dejager","year":"2011","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2017.03.004","article-title":"Therapeutic potentials of baicalin and its aglycone, baicalein against inflammatory disorders","volume":"131","author":"Dinda","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2024.12.028","article-title":"The role of cGAS-STING signaling pathway in ferroptosis","volume":"76","author":"Ding","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Adv. Res."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2012.03.042","article-title":"Ferroptosis: an iron-dependent form of nonapoptotic cell death","volume":"149","author":"Dixon","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1038\/nchembio.1416","article-title":"The role of iron and reactive oxygen species in cell death","volume":"10","author":"Dixon","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Chem. Biol."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-021-06506-y","article-title":"Surviving sepsis campaign: international guidelines for management of sepsis and septic shock 2021","volume":"47","author":"Evans","year":"2021","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1315","DOI":"10.1142\/S0192415X20500640","article-title":"Application of Chinese medicine in the management of critical conditions: a review on sepsis","volume":"48","author":"Fan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Chin. Med."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174622","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.174622","article-title":"Ferroportin-mediated ferroptosis involved in new-onset atrial fibrillation with LPS-induced endotoxemia","volume":"913","author":"Fang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1093\/toxres\/tfad038","article-title":"Tectorigenin relieved sepsis-induced myocardial ferroptosis by inhibiting the expression of Smad3","volume":"12","author":"Fang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Toxicol. Res."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1007\/s10565-024-09953-7","article-title":"Protocatechuic acid relieves ferroptosis in hepatic lipotoxicity and steatosis via regulating NRF2 signaling pathway","volume":"40","author":"Feng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell. Biol. Toxicol."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102777","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcmd.2023.102777","article-title":"Hypoferremia of inflammation: innate host defense against infections. Blood cells","volume":"104","author":"Ganz","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol. Dis."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1116","DOI":"10.1007\/s12012-024-09901-1","article-title":"Quercetin alleviates LPS-stimulated myocardial injury through regulating ALOX5\/PI3K\/AKT pathway in sepsis","volume":"24","author":"Guan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Toxicol."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1097\/SHK.0000000000002257","article-title":"Yiqifumai injection ameliorated sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy by inhibition of ferroptosis via xct\/gpx4 axis","volume":"61","author":"Guo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Shock Augusta Ga"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1594708","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2025.1594708","article-title":"Catechin inhibits ox-LDL-induced ferroptosis in vascular smooth muscle cells to alleviate and stabilize atherosclerosis","volume":"12","author":"Guo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Nutr."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1007\/s00011-023-01849-2","article-title":"Identification of RRM2 as a key ferroptosis-related gene in sepsis","volume":"73","author":"He","year":"2024","journal-title":"Inflamm. Res. Off. J. Eur. Histamine Res. Soc. Al"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2024.11.007","article-title":"Ginsenoside Rb1 targets to HO-1 to improve sepsis by inhibiting ferroptosis","volume":"226","author":"He","year":"2025","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.124.323800","article-title":"Mitochondrial structure and function in human heart failure","volume":"135","author":"Hinton","year":"2024","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-020-00492-2","article-title":"Pathophysiology of sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy","volume":"18","author":"Hollenberg","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cardiol."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1110540","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1110540","article-title":"Hepcidin and ferritin levels as markers of immune cell activation during septic shock, severe COVID-19 and sterile inflammation","volume":"14","author":"Hortov\u00e1-Kohoutkov\u00e1","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra021333","article-title":"The pathophysiology and treatment of sepsis","volume":"348","author":"Hotchkiss","year":"2003","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-024-05069-w","article-title":"Mitochondrial dysfunction in sepsis: mechanisms and therapeutic perspectives","volume":"28","author":"Hu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Crit. Care Lond. Engl."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-022-02602-y","article-title":"Emerging role of STING signalling in CNS injury: inflammation, autophagy, necroptosis, ferroptosis and pyroptosis","volume":"19","author":"Hu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"922534","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2022.922534","article-title":"Lipocalin-2 in neutrophils induces ferroptosis in septic cardiac dysfunction via increasing labile iron pool of cardiomyocytes","volume":"9","author":"Huang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Cardiovasc. Med."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-025-05441-4","article-title":"Traditional Chinese medicine for sepsis: advancing from evidence to innovative drug discovery","volume":"29","author":"Ji","year":"2025","journal-title":"Crit. Care Lond. Engl."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1186\/s13613-019-0542-7","article-title":"Inflammatory anemia-associated parameters are related to 28-day mortality in patients with sepsis admitted to the ICU: a preliminary observational study","volume":"9","author":"Jiang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann. Intensive Care"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-020-2618-6","article-title":"TGF-\u03b21-mediated repression of SLC7A11 drives vulnerability to GPX4 inhibition in hepatocellular carcinoma cells","volume":"11","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell. Death Dis."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1038\/s41420-022-00957-y","article-title":"ICA69 aggravates ferroptosis causing septic cardiac dysfunction via STING trafficking","volume":"8","author":"Kong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell. Death Discov."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SHK.0000000000002456","article-title":"METTL14\/IGF2BP2-mediated m6A modification of STEAP1 aggravates acute lung injury induced by sepsis","author":"Lai","year":"2024","journal-title":"Shock Augusta Ga."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581-018-0005-7","article-title":"Mechanisms and treatment of organ failure in sepsis","volume":"14","author":"Lelubre","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Nephrol."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2024.09.039","article-title":"Ablation of mitophagy receptor FUNDC1 accentuates septic cardiomyopathy through ACSL4-dependent regulation of ferroptosis and mitochondrial integrity","volume":"225","author":"Li","year":"","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.7353","article-title":"Tectorigenin protects against unilateral ureteral obstruction by inhibiting Smad3-mediated ferroptosis and fibrosis","volume":"36","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Phytother. Res. PTR"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1038\/s41401-023-01177-5","article-title":"Caffeic acid alleviates cerebral ischemic injury in rats by resisting ferroptosis via Nrf2 signaling pathway","volume":"45","author":"Li","year":"","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol. Sin."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2020.08.009","article-title":"Ferritinophagy-mediated ferroptosis is involved in sepsis-induced cardiac injury","volume":"160","author":"Li","year":"","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2020.08.009","article-title":"Ferritinophagy-mediated ferroptosis is involved in sepsis-induced cardiac injury","volume":"160","author":"Li","year":"","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-022-01260-0","article-title":"Targeting regulated cell death (RCD) with small-molecule compounds in triple-negative breast cancer: a revisited perspective from molecular mechanisms to targeted therapies","volume":"15","author":"Liao","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Hematol. Oncol. J Hematol. Oncol."},{"key":"B43","article-title":"Ginsenoside Rg1 induces ferroptosis by regulating the focal adhesion kinase\/protein kinase B-forkhead box O3A signaling pathway and alleviates sepsis-induced myocardial damage","volume":"75","author":"Lin","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Physiol. Pharmacol. Off. J. Pol. Physiol. Soc."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S349678","article-title":"Matrine exerts pharmacological effects through multiple signaling pathways: a comprehensive review","volume":"16","author":"Lin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Drug Des. devel. Ther."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-023-01804-7","article-title":"LPS-aggravated ferroptosis via disrupting circadian rhythm by Bmal1\/AKT\/p53 in sepsis-induced myocardial injury","volume":"46","author":"Lin","year":"","journal-title":"Inflammation"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155597","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155597","article-title":"TaoHe ChengQi decoction ameliorates sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction through anti-ferroptosis via the Nrf2 pathway","volume":"129","author":"Lu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Phytomedicine Int. J. Phytother. Phytopharm."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.3892\/ijmm.2023.5319","article-title":"Quercetin ameliorates ferroptosis of rat cardiomyocytes via activation of the SIRT1\/p53\/SLC7A11 signaling pathway to alleviate sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy","volume":"52","author":"Lin","year":"","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Med."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2145","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21062145","article-title":"Iron metabolism at the interface between host and pathogen: from nutritional immunity to antibacterial development","volume":"21","author":"Marchetti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2018.08.1037","article-title":"The septic heart: current understanding of molecular mechanisms and clinical implications","volume":"155","author":"Martin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2133","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra2403213","article-title":"Sepsis and septic shock","volume":"391","author":"Meyer","year":"2024","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19143","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-46383-7","article-title":"Dynamics of iron metabolism in patients with bloodstream infections: a time-course clinical study","volume":"13","author":"Moro","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2023022235","article-title":"Iron, hemochromatosis genotypes, and risk of infections: a cohort study of 142 188 general population individuals","volume":"144","author":"Mottelson","year":"2024","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100864","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mam.2020.100864","article-title":"Iron in infection and immunity","volume":"75","author":"Nairz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. Asp. Med."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1038\/s41420-022-01117-y","article-title":"Interplay of Nrf2 and BACH1 in inducing ferroportin expression and enhancing resistance of human macrophages towards ferroptosis","volume":"8","author":"Namgaladze","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell. Death Discov."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2025.05.393","article-title":"Lipid peroxidation, ferroptosis, and antioxidants","volume":"237","author":"Noguchi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1142\/S0192415X25500193","article-title":"Ophiopogonin D from ophiopogon japonicas-induced USP25 activity to reduce ferroptosis of macrophage in acute lung injury by the inhibition of bound Rac1 and Nox1 complex","volume":"53","author":"Pu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Am. J. Chin. Med."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-006-0142-5","article-title":"Septic shock: a heart story since the 1960s","volume":"32","author":"Rabuel","year":"2006","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2021.05.001","article-title":"Resveratrol for cancer therapy: challenges and future perspectives","volume":"515","author":"Ren","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancer Lett."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5904","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28155904","article-title":"Tectorigenin: a review of its sources, pharmacology, toxicity, and pharmacokinetics","volume":"28","author":"Rong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol. Basel Switz."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)32989-7","article-title":"Global, regional, and national sepsis incidence and mortality, 1990-2017: analysis for the global burden of disease study","volume":"395","author":"Rudd","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet lond. Engl."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1599","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000266683.64081.02","article-title":"Mechanisms of sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction","volume":"35","author":"Rudiger","year":"2007","journal-title":"Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2024.01.013","article-title":"METTL4 mediated-N6-methyladenosine promotes acute lung injury by activating ferroptosis in alveolar epithelial cells","volume":"213","author":"Sang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1186\/s12929-017-0370-8","article-title":"Comprehensive comparison of three different animal models for systemic inflammation","volume":"24","author":"Seemann","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Sci."},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3143","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.84613","article-title":"VDAC2 malonylation participates in sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction via mitochondrial-related ferroptosis","volume":"19","author":"She","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1007\/s10495-022-01808-y","article-title":"N6-methyladenosine writer METTL3 accelerates the sepsis-induced myocardial injury by regulating m6A-dependent ferroptosis","volume":"28","author":"Shen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Apoptosis Int. J. Program. Cell. Death"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1521","DOI":"10.1038\/s41401-023-01068-9","article-title":"Regulated cell death pathways in cardiomyopathy","volume":"44","author":"Sheng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol. Sin."},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.15586\/aei.v52i5.1035","article-title":"Alpinia officinarum hance extract relieved sepsis-induced myocardial ferroptosis and inflammation by inhibiting lncRNA MIAT\/TRAF6\/NF-\u03baB axis","volume":"52","author":"Shi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Allergol. Immunopathol. (Madr.)"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.0287","article-title":"The third international consensus definitions for sepsis and septic shock (Sepsis-3)","volume":"315","author":"Singer","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1170737","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2023.1170737","article-title":"A novel signature combing cuproptosis- and ferroptosis-related genes in sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy","volume":"14","author":"Song","year":"","journal-title":"Front. Genet."},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1003658","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2023.1003658","article-title":"Traditional Chinese medicine for treatment of sepsis and related multi-organ injury","volume":"14","author":"Song","year":"","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2022.06.003","article-title":"Ferroptosis turns 10: emerging mechanisms, physiological functions, and therapeutic applications","volume":"185","author":"Stockwell","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell."},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.09.021","article-title":"Ferroptosis: a regulated cell death nexus linking metabolism, redox biology, and disease","volume":"171","author":"Stockwell","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell."},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2018.09.008","article-title":"Iron catalysis of lipid peroxidation in ferroptosis: regulated enzymatic or random free radical reaction?","volume":"133","author":"Stoyanovsky","year":"2019","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1038\/s43018-023-00532-z","article-title":"Specific regulation of BACH1 by the hotspot mutant p53R175H reveals a distinct gain-of-function mechanism","volume":"4","author":"Su","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Cancer"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000001607","article-title":"Iron parameters determine the prognosis of critically ill patients","volume":"44","author":"Tacke","year":"2016","journal-title":"Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154458","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154458","article-title":"Pharmacological properties of total flavonoids in Scutellaria baicalensis for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases","volume":"107","author":"Tan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Phytomedicine Int. J. Phytother. Phytopharm."},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2025.06.051","article-title":"Narciclasine mitigates sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction by enhancing BNIP3-mediated mitophagy and suppressing ferroptosis","volume":"238","author":"Tang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-28718-6","article-title":"Targeting ferroptosis protects against experimental (multi)organ dysfunction and death","volume":"13","author":"Van Coillie","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.1142\/S0192415X22500537","article-title":"Quercetin mitigates cisplatin-induced oxidative damage and apoptosis in cardiomyocytes through Nrf2\/HO-1 signaling pathway","volume":"50","author":"Wang","year":"","journal-title":"Am. J. Chin. Med."},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2023.12106","article-title":"Cyclovirobuxine D pretreatment ameliorates septic heart injury through mitigation of ferroptosis","volume":"26","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Exp. Ther. Med."},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2020.11114","article-title":"Dexmedetomidine alleviated sepsis-induced myocardial ferroptosis and septic heart injury","volume":"22","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E21","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00227.2021","article-title":"Resveratrol mediates the miR-149\/HMGB1 axis and regulates the ferroptosis pathway to protect myocardium in endotoxemia mice","volume":"323","author":"Wang","year":"","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2025.05.392","article-title":"METTL5 triggers the ferroptosis of cardiomyocytes in sepsis-induced myocardial injury","volume":"237","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1186\/s11658-025-00784-w","article-title":"Cell death signaling and immune regulation: new perspectives on targeted therapy for sepsis","volume":"30","author":"Wu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Biol. Lett."},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2024.103194","article-title":"Histone lactylation-regulated METTL3 promotes ferroptosis via m6A-modification on ACSL4 in sepsis-associated lung injury","volume":"74","author":"Wu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9367","DOI":"10.1080\/21655979.2021.2001913","article-title":"Ferrostatin-1 alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced cardiac dysfunction","volume":"12","author":"Xiao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bioengineered"},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1684","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-023-01833-2","article-title":"Matrine alleviates sepsis-induced myocardial injury by inhibiting ferroptosis and apoptosis","volume":"46","author":"Xiao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Inflammation"},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1185924","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2023.1185924","article-title":"Identification of two novel ferroptosis-associated targets in sepsis-induced cardiac injury: hmox1 and Slc7a11","volume":"10","author":"Xu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Cardiovasc. Med."},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-025-02253-4","article-title":"Mitochondria in oxidative stress, inflammation and aging: from mechanisms to therapeutic advances","volume":"10","author":"Xu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target. Ther."},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101989","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2023.101989","article-title":"Therapeutic potential of senolytic agent quercetin in osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of preclinical studies","volume":"90","author":"Yamaura","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ageing Res. Rev."},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.12.010","article-title":"Regulation of ferroptotic cancer cell death by GPX4","volume":"156","author":"Yang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell."},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102430","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coph.2023.102430","article-title":"Targeting ferroptosis in the maintenance of mitochondrial homeostasis in the realm of septic cardiomyopathy","volume":"74","author":"Ye","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41401-025-01547-1","article-title":"Wogonin attenuates septic cardiomyopathy by suppressing ALOX15-mediated ferroptosis","author":"Ye","year":"2025","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol. Sin."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2108","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-1755.2004.00742.x","article-title":"Parenteral iron therapy exacerbates experimental sepsis","volume":"65","author":"Zager","year":"2004","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167307","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2024.167307","article-title":"FTO alleviated ferroptosis in septic cardiomyopathy via mediating the m6A modification of BACH1","volume":"1870","author":"Zeng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta Mol. Basis Dis."},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000000466","article-title":"Hepatic hepcidin protects against polymicrobial sepsis in mice by regulating host iron status","volume":"122","author":"Zeng","year":"2015","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2157521","DOI":"10.1080\/08941939.2022.2157521","article-title":"Resveratrol attenuates sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy in rats through anti-ferroptosis via the Sirt1\/Nrf2 pathway","volume":"36","author":"Zeng","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Investig. Surg. Off. J. Acad. Surg. Res."},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1386","DOI":"10.1038\/s41556-024-01361-7","article-title":"Ironing out the details of ferroptosis","volume":"26","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.00588","article-title":"Matrine: a promising natural product with various pharmacological activities","volume":"11","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3617","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.204033","article-title":"Puerarin protects against sepsis-induced myocardial injury through AMPK-Mediated ferroptosis signaling","volume":"14","author":"Zhou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Aging"},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joim.2025.07.001","article-title":"Baicalein attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced myocardial injury by inhibiting ferroptosis via miR-299b-5p\/HIF1-\u03b1 pathway","volume":"23","author":"Zhou","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Integr. Med."},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1501725","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2025.1501725","article-title":"Gallic acid protects intervertebral disc cells from ferroptosis and alleviates intervertebral disc degeneration by regulating key factors of oxidative stress","volume":"16","author":"Zhu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.2147\/JIR.S400107","article-title":"Exploring dysregulated ferroptosis-related genes in septic myocardial injury based on human heart transcriptomes: evidence and new insights","volume":"16","author":"Zou","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Inflamm. Res."},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-025-05287-w","article-title":"Association of healthy sleep patterns with incident sepsis: a large population-based prospective cohort study","volume":"29","author":"Zou","year":"2025","journal-title":"Crit. Care Lond. Engl."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fphar.2026.1785167\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T15:20:14Z","timestamp":1787325614000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fphar.2026.1785167\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]]},"references-count":106,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fphar.2026.1785167"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphar.2026.1785167","relation":{},"ISSN":["1663-9812"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1663-9812","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]]},"article-number":"1785167"}}