{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T22:08:19Z","timestamp":1793311699520,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772582400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pharmacol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to validate and characterize the efficacy of a previously developed anticoagulant-free, single soft-spin centrifugation device for the preparation of autologous fluid-Platelet-Rich Fibrin (f-PRF).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>f-PRF is generated via one-step soft-spin centrifugation of all blood to produce a platelet-enriched plasma for regenerative medicine use, without the need for additional chemical agents. This study validated the performance of a novel single soft-spin f-PRF preparation system.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Sixteen healthy volunteers (94% female, ages 23-52) donated blood for a comparative analysis between Exprecell\u2122 and Arthrex ACP\n                      <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                      Double-Syringe systems. f-PRF was prepared using standardized centrifugation (420\n                      <jats:italic>xg<\/jats:italic>\n                      , 5\u00a0min) and characterized for cellular composition, platelet function, growth factors, and extracellular vesicles (EVs). Platelet activation was assessed via P-selectin expression and GPIIb\/IIIa activation following stimulation using flow cytometry.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Exprecell\u2122 yielded 20% more f-PRF volume (6.5\u201310.5 vs. 5.5\u20139.0\u00a0mL) with excellent cellular depletion (&amp;gt;99% erythrocyte, &amp;gt;95% leukocyte reduction). Platelet counts and function were similar between systems, with preserved\n                      <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      agonist responses in terms of P-selectin expression and GPIIb\/IIIa activation. Most growth factors remained below detection limits, and those detectable showed no differences between the devices. EV profiles from different cell types were also comparable.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      These findings support the Exprecell\u2122 single soft-spin methodology, demonstrating that anticoagulant-free f-PRF preparation achieves functional equivalence to conventional methods while providing a statistically significant increase in volume yield and procedural simplicity. The closed system design reduces contamination risk and Luer-lock compatibility facilitates integration into clinical workflows. Maintained\n                      <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      biological activity supports clinical utility for this innovative point-of-care f-PRF preparation device. Future studies are needed to demonstrate the clinical benefit of the f-PRF obtained.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2026.1785884","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T10:48:11Z","timestamp":1772621291000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Anticoagulant-free preparation of autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) \/ fluid platelet-rich fibrin (f-PRF): a pre-clinical comparative performance study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Alice","family":"Assinger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research","place":["Vienna, Austria"]},{"name":"Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna","place":["Vienna, Austria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anita","family":"Pirabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna","place":["Vienna, Austria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonas","family":"Santol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna","place":["Vienna, Austria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abbas","family":"Muhammad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Croma Pharma GmbH","place":["Leobendorf, Austria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Kuroki-Hasen\u00f6hrl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Croma Pharma GmbH","place":["Leobendorf, Austria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70345","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.70345","article-title":"Optimizing post-acne scar treatment: a pilot comparative study of endo-radiofrequency subcision with and without platelet-rich plasma","volume":"24","author":"Ahramiyanpour","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Cosmet. Dermatology"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines8030042","article-title":"A comparative study of the effects of anticoagulants on pure platelet-rich plasma quality and potency","volume":"8","author":"Aizawa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1080\/08977194.2024.2432951","article-title":"Evaluating growth-factor release in leukocyte- and platelet-rich fibrin, advanced platelet-rich fibrin, and injectable platelet-rich fibrin protocols: a narrative review","volume":"42","author":"Alsabri","year":"2024","journal-title":"Growth factors."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3213","DOI":"10.1007\/s13555-025-01542-8","article-title":"Platelet-rich plasma in the management of alopecia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical evidence","volume":"15","author":"Anitua","year":"2025","journal-title":"Dermatol Ther. (Heidelb)"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"059","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2510-5517","article-title":"Local injection versus topical microneedling of platelet-rich plasma for androgenetic alopecia: a systematic review","volume":"52","author":"Biben","year":"2025","journal-title":"Arch. Plast. Surg."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2021.11.003","article-title":"Applications of the regenerative capacity of platelets in modern medicine","volume":"64","author":"Cecerska-Hery\u0107","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cytokine and Growth Factor Rev."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10225536241277604","DOI":"10.1177\/10225536241277604","article-title":"Inadequate anticoagulation and hyperuricemia cause knee pain after platelet-rich plasma injection: a retrospective study","volume":"32","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Surg."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.1978.tb05819.x","article-title":"Plasma levels of platelet factor 4 measured by radioimmunoassay","volume":"40","author":"Chesterman","year":"1978","journal-title":"Br. J. Haematol."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1052","DOI":"10.1097\/ta.0000000000002398","article-title":"Female platelets have distinct functional activity compared with male platelets: implications in transfusion practice and treatment of trauma-induced coagulopathy","volume":"87","author":"Coleman","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Trauma Acute Care Surg."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2025.1571373","article-title":"Physiological factors affecting platelet-rich plasma variability in human and veterinary medicine","volume":"12","author":"Colomer-Selva","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Veterinary Sci."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.3390\/life16020188","article-title":"Beyond platelet count: rethinking platelet-rich plasma efficacy through growth factor biology and functional quality","volume":"16","author":"Costa","year":"2026","journal-title":"Life"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1007\/s11420-016-9519-3","article-title":"Commercial separation systems designed for preparation of platelet-rich plasma yield differences in cellular composition","volume":"13","author":"Degen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hss J."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-022-02511-3","article-title":"Fluid platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) versus platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in the treatment of atrophic acne scars: a comparative study","volume":"315","author":"Diab","year":"2023","journal-title":"Arch. Dermatol Res."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7414036","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/7414036","article-title":"Platelet-rich plasma obtained with different anticoagulants and their effect on platelet numbers and mesenchymal stromal cells behavior in vitro","volume":"2016","author":"do Amaral","year":"2016","journal-title":"Stem Cells Int."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1761865","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/1761865","article-title":"A novel and convenient method for the preparation and activation of PRP without any additives: temperature controlled PRP","volume":"2018","author":"Du","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomed. Res. Int."},{"key":"B16","article-title":"ASTM F2382-24 standard test method for assessment of circulating blood-contacting medical device materials on partial thromboplastin time (PTT)","year":"2024","journal-title":"U. S. A. Food and Drug Adm."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70245","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.70245","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of combined platelet-rich plasma with fractional laser for adult patients with vitiligo: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"24","author":"Feng","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Cosmet. Dermatol"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-024-04192-y","article-title":"Platelet-rich plasma as an adjuvant therapy to fractional ablative carbon dioxide lasers for cutaneous repair: a complementary treatment for atrophic acne scarring","volume":"39","author":"Gaumond","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lasers Med. Sci."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1563\/aaid-joi-D-14-00138","article-title":"Advanced platelet-rich fibrin: a new concept for cell-based tissue engineering by means of inflammatory cells","volume":"40","author":"Ghanaati","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Oral Implant."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2025.1631087","article-title":"Comparison of single-spin to double-spin platelet-rich plasma centrifugation methods in the treatment of androgenic alopecia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"12","author":"Ghanem","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Med."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-019-01541-z","article-title":"Comparison of two anticoagulants for pain associated with platelet-rich plasma injections","volume":"44","author":"G\u00f6rg\u00fc","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aesthetic Plast. Surg."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1755","DOI":"10.3390\/cells13211755","article-title":"The well-forgotten old: platelet-rich plasma in modern anti-aging therapy","volume":"13","author":"Gorodilova","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.5581\/1516-8484.20120024","article-title":"Platelets from platelet-rich-plasma versus buffy-coat-derived platelets: what is the difference?","volume":"34","author":"Gulliksson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Rev. Bras. Hematol. Hemoter."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/s0049-3848(99)00019-5","article-title":"Differences between activation thresholds for platelet P-selectin glycoprotein IIb-IIIa expression and their clinical implications","volume":"95","author":"Holmes","year":"1999","journal-title":"Thromb. Res."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reth.2021.03.005","article-title":"A case series of platelet rich plasma in chronic venous ulcers","volume":"18","author":"Huber","year":"2021","journal-title":"Regen. Ther."},{"key":"B26","volume-title":"ISO 10993-4:2017 - biological evaluation of medical devices part 4: selection of tests for interactions with blood","year":"2017"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4595","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-023-03652-0","article-title":"Reply: comparison of two anticoagulants for pain associated with platelet-rich plasma injections","volume":"48","author":"Karanfil","year":"2024","journal-title":"Aesthetic Plast. Surg."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.1993.tb03149.x","article-title":"Soluble P-selectin is present in normal circulation and its plasma level is elevated in patients with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura and haemolytic uraemic syndrome","volume":"84","author":"Katayama","year":"1993","journal-title":"Br. J. Haematol."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reth.2025.02.006","article-title":"Optimal frequency of platelet-rich plasma injections for managing osteoarthritis: a longitudinal study","volume":"29","author":"Kemmochi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Regen. Ther."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2353","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-016-1719-1","article-title":"Comparative release of growth factors from PRP, PRF, and advanced-PRF","volume":"20","author":"Kobayashi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Oral Investig."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e03677","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.118.009636","article-title":"CD40L priming of platelets via NF\u2010\u03baB activation is CD40\u2010 and TAK1\u2010Dependent","volume":"7","author":"Kojok","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Am. Heart Assoc."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.3109\/09537104.2012.689038","article-title":"Do blood collection methods influence whole-blood platelet function analysis?","volume":"24","author":"Lanc\u00e9","year":"2013","journal-title":"Platelets"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e14702","DOI":"10.1097\/md.0000000000014702","article-title":"Allergic reaction to platelet-rich plasma (PRP): case report","volume":"98","author":"Latalski","year":"2019","journal-title":"Med. Baltim."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1080\/09537104.2020.1832653","article-title":"Technical and biological review of authorized medical devices for platelets-rich plasma preparation in the field of regenerative medicine","volume":"32","author":"Magalon","year":"2021","journal-title":"Platelets"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1480","DOI":"10.1002\/term.2566","article-title":"Platelet-rich plasma ultrasound-guided injection in the treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome: a placebo-controlled clinical study","volume":"12","author":"Malahias","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Tissue Eng. Regen. Med."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0188921","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0188921","article-title":"Optimized plasma preparation is essential to monitor platelet-stored molecules in humans","volume":"12","author":"Mussbacher","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104593","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amsu.2022.104593","article-title":"Standardization and validation of a conventional high yield platelet-rich plasma preparation protocol","volume":"82","author":"Muthu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann. Med. Surg."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1111\/voxs.12573","article-title":"Effect of citrate on ionized calcium levels during plateletpheresis procedures","volume":"16","author":"Navkudkar","year":"2021","journal-title":"ISBT Sci. Ser."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1645","DOI":"10.2147\/ccid.S528663","article-title":"Effectiveness of autologous platelet-rich plasma for androgenetic alopecia: a double-center, non-controlled, randomized clinical study in Vietnam","volume":"18","author":"Nguyen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin. Cosmet. Investig. Dermatol"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6319","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25126319","article-title":"Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and injectable platelet-rich fibrin (i-PRF) in the non-surgical treatment of Periodontitis-A systematic review","volume":"25","author":"Niemczyk","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2020.00223","article-title":"Anticoagulants interfere with the angiogenic and regenerative responses mediated by platelets","volume":"8","author":"Oneto","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1160\/th03-05-0276","article-title":"Effects of biological variations on platelet count in healthy subjects in China","volume":"91","author":"Peng","year":"2004","journal-title":"Thromb. Haemost."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176060","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/176060","article-title":"Relevant aspects of centrifugation step in the preparation of platelet-rich plasma","volume":"2014","author":"Perez","year":"2014","journal-title":"ISRN Hematol."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1590\/s1679-45082016ao3548","article-title":"Analysis of cytokine profile and growth factors in platelet-rich plasma obtained by open systems and commercial columns","volume":"14","author":"Pochini","year":"2016","journal-title":"Einstein (Sao Paulo)"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14632","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-32936-8","article-title":"Angiogenic properties of 'Leukocyte- and platelet-rich fibrin","volume":"8","author":"Ratajczak","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26076","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-11868-0","article-title":"The effect of liquid platelet-rich fibrin on oral cells and tissue engineered oral mucosa models in vitro","volume":"15","author":"Rattanawonsakul","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e853","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asmr.2023.03.017","article-title":"Substantial variability in platelet-rich plasma composition is based on patient age and baseline platelet count","volume":"5","author":"Rossi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Arthrosc. Sports Med. Rehabil."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1084","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-013-2479-y","article-title":"Ultrasound-guided platelet-rich plasma injections for the treatment of common peroneal nerve palsy associated with multiple ligament injuries of the knee","volume":"22","author":"S\u00e1nchez","year":"2014","journal-title":"Knee Surg. Sports Traumatol. Arthrosc."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1683","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11061683","article-title":"Influence of sexual dimorphism, aging, and differential cell capture efficiency of blood separation systems on the quality of platelet-rich plasma","volume":"11","author":"Treviss\u00f3n","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2085","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-59113-0","article-title":"Efficacy of platelet-rich plasma as an adjuvant to surgical carpal ligament release: a prospective, randomized controlled clinical trial","volume":"10","author":"Trull-Ahuir","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2162","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-023-03822-0","article-title":"Platelet-rich plasma versus platelet-poor plasma for treating facial photoaging: a double-blind randomized controlled splitting face study","volume":"48","author":"Tsai","year":"2024","journal-title":"Aesthetic Plast. Surg."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1007\/s10561-021-09952-6","article-title":"The effect of the anticoagulant on the cellular composition and growth factor content of platelet-rich plasma","volume":"23","author":"Ulasli","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Bank."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e28292","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.28292","article-title":"Effectiveness of injected platelet-rich plasma in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcer disease","volume":"14","author":"Ullah","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18103\/mra.v13i5.6578","article-title":"Microneedling and injectable-platelet rich fibrin for skin rejuvenation and regeneration","volume":"13","author":"Vesala","year":"2025","journal-title":"Med. Res. Archives"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2004","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.12955","article-title":"Fluid platelet-rich fibrin stimulates greater dermal skin fibroblast cell migration, proliferation, and collagen synthesis when compared to platelet-rich plasma","volume":"18","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Cosmet. Dermatol"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e02739","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2019.e02739","article-title":"Preparation and effect of lyophilized platelet-rich fibrin on the osteogenic potential of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in vitro and in vivo","volume":"5","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1097\/JD9.0000000000000186","article-title":"Clinical application of platelet-rich fibrin in dermatology","volume":"5","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Dermatology Venereol."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10804","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms262110804","article-title":"Platelet-rich plasma (PRP): molecular mechanisms, actions and clinical applications in human body","volume":"26","author":"Wu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546517740845","article-title":"Men and women differ in the biochemical composition of platelet-rich plasma","volume":"46","author":"Xiong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1204144","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2023.1204144","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of platelet-rich plasma injections for the treatment of osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"10","author":"Xiong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Med. (Lausanne)"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2493","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465241263073","article-title":"The effectiveness of leukocyte-poor platelet-rich plasma injections for symptomatic mild to moderate osteoarthritis of the knee with joint effusion or bone marrow lesions in a Japanese population: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial","volume":"52","author":"Yoshioka","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5070","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11175070","article-title":"Growth factor release within liquid and solid PRF","volume":"11","author":"Zwittnig","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fphar.2026.1785884\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T10:48:12Z","timestamp":1772621292000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fphar.2026.1785884\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]]},"references-count":62,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fphar.2026.1785884"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphar.2026.1785884","relation":{},"ISSN":["1663-9812"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1663-9812","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]]},"article-number":"1785884"}}