{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T01:42:50Z","timestamp":1790473370011,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774569600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pharmacol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cardiovascular diseases remain the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) plays a central role in atherogenesis and cardiovascular events. In real-world primary care, many patients at high and very-high cardiovascular risk (HCVR) do not achieve recommended LDL-C targets.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study evaluated whether an audit and feedback (A&amp;amp;F) intervention could improve lipid management in HCVR patients managed in general practice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a retrospective\u2013prospective observational study involving general practitioners (GPs). GPs were classified as active, participating in A&amp;amp;F training and feedback sessions, or controls, contributing data only. Patient-level data were extracted from electronic medical records across three 18-month observation periods (T0, T1, and T2). Active GPs received tailored performance reports and educational sessions after T0 and T1. Main outcomes included completeness of clinical data recording, LDL-C target attainment (&amp;lt;70\u00a0mg\/dL), lipid-lowering treatment patterns, and treatment adherence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Compared with baseline, active GPs showed significant improvements in the recording of LDL-C (+18.3%), HbA1c (+5.7%), body mass index (+17.1%), smoking status (+4.4%), and alcohol consumption (+14.4%). LDL-C target attainment increased from 6.1% at T0 to 14.5% at T2, exceeding the proportion observed in controls at T2 (8.7%). The use of lipid-lowering therapy among active GPs increased from 48.9% at T0 to 61.3% at T2, while high-intensity therapy increased from 9.1% to 17.6%. Treatment adherence improved over time, with a higher proportion of patients adherent to high-intensity therapy and a reduction in non-adherent low-intensity therapy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An audit and feedback intervention supported by a multidisciplinary team improved data completeness and lipid management in high-risk patients in the primary care setting.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2026.1787952","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T09:29:07Z","timestamp":1774603747000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Improving lipid-lowering treatment and cardiovascular risk management in primary care: findings from an audit and feedback project"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Michelangelo","family":"Rottura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina","place":["Messina, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Selene","family":"Francesca Anna Drago","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina","place":["Messina, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonino","family":"Molonia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina","place":["Messina, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Viviana Maria","family":"Gianguzzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina","place":["Messina, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federica Maria","family":"Sacco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina","place":["Messina, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Pallio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphological and Functional Imaging, University of Messina","place":["Messina, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natasha","family":"Irrera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina","place":["Messina, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Riccardo","family":"Scoglio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Italian Society of General Practice, Section Messina","place":["Messina, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebastiano","family":"Marino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Italian Society of General Practice, Section Messina","place":["Messina, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salvatore","family":"Corrao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Promozione Della Salute, Materno Infantile,Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza \u201cG. 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