{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T06:42:10Z","timestamp":1776235330716,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776211200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pharmacol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Antechokinetics is a related term to pharmacokinetics in which the focus shifts from drug kinetics to molecular kinetics of antibiotic-resistance. The term \u201cantech\u00f3\u201d is derived from the Greek word for \u201cresistance.\u201d The body is a multi-compartmental entity, and the bacterial cell is also composed of compartments. These compartments change much more rapidly than in a multicellular eukaryotic organism. There is currently a lack of knowledge regarding the antechokinetics of the molecules involved in antibiotic detoxification, but this is a field that requires further development. In this Review, we provide a summary of the current state of knowledge on the presence of antibiotic-resistance molecules in bacterial cells, focusing on their ribosomal production and eventual acquisition\n                    <jats:italic>via<\/jats:italic>\n                    exosomes or permeation. Next, we will examine their bacterial intracellular distribution, bioavailability, metabolism, and excretion. Future studies that consider the combined effects of antibiotic cellular pharmacokinetics and antechokinetics on a cellular level could be a fruitful area of research for the development of novel strategies to combat antibiotic-resistant infections.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2026.1792355","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T05:41:57Z","timestamp":1776231717000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Antechokinetics, the kinetics of antimicrobial resistance molecules"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Fernando","family":"Baquero","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Microbiolog\u00eda, Instituto Ram\u00f3n y Cajal de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IRYCIS)","place":["Madrid, Spain"]},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n M\u00e9dica en Red - Epidemiolog\u00eda y Salud P\u00fablica (CIBERESP)","place":["Madrid, Spain"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rafael","family":"Cant\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Microbiolog\u00eda, Instituto Ram\u00f3n y Cajal de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IRYCIS)","place":["Madrid, Spain"]},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n M\u00e9dica en Red \u2013 Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC)","place":["Madrid, Spain"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Alves Gama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Microbiolog\u00eda, Instituto Ram\u00f3n y Cajal de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IRYCIS)","place":["Madrid, Spain"]},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n M\u00e9dica en Red \u2013 Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC)","place":["Madrid, Spain"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jer\u00f3nimo","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-Beltr\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Microbiolog\u00eda, Instituto Ram\u00f3n y Cajal de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IRYCIS)","place":["Madrid, Spain"]},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n M\u00e9dica en Red \u2013 Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC)","place":["Madrid, Spain"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1007\/b100446","article-title":"Aminoglycoside\u2013nucleic acid interactions: the case for neomycin","volume-title":"DNA binders and related subjects","author":"Arya","year":"2005"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4593","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02802-14","article-title":"\u03b2-Lactam resistance in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus USA300 is increased by inactivation of the ClpXP protease","volume":"58","author":"B\u00e6k","year":"2014","journal-title":"Antimicrob. 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