{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T06:04:53Z","timestamp":1780553093157,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780531200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pharmacol."],"abstract":"\n Introduction<\/jats:title>\n \n The study evaluates the preventive effects of\n Polygonatum sibiricum<\/jats:italic>\n and\n Poria cocos<\/jats:italic>\n (3:1) on spleen deficiency constipation in mice, focusing on the brain-gut axis, gut microbiota, and oxidative stress. The findings aim to inform the prevention and treatment of this condition.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n Thirty male specific pathogen-free (SPF) KM mice (4 weeks old, 20 \u00b1 2\u00a0g) were randomized into a normal control group (NC), a model group (NM), and a\n Polygonatum sibiricum<\/jats:italic>\n and\n Poria cocos<\/jats:italic>\n group (HF). Serum levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), cholecystokinin (CCK), motilin (MTL), and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) were measured by ELISA. Liver superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were measured by a spectrophotometer. Gut microbiota was analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Compared to NM, the HF showed significantly increased 5-HT, CCK(\n p<\/jats:italic>\n &lt; 0.05), and MTL (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n &lt; 0.001), and significantly decreased VIP(\n p<\/jats:italic>\n &lt; 0.05). Liver MDA content was markedly higher in NM than in NC(\n p<\/jats:italic>\n &lt; 0.01), with a downward trend in HF. Conversely, the liver SOD activity in NM was significantly lower than in NC(\n p<\/jats:italic>\n &lt; 0.001), and the HF displayed an upward trend. Microbiota analysis revealed higher diversity in HF, as indicated by higher chao1, pielou_e, shannon, and simpson indices. The gut microbiota species composition in the HF was dominated by beneficial bacteria such as\n Bacteroidota<\/jats:italic>\n and\n Faecalibaculum<\/jats:italic>\n , with a reduction in pathogenic bacteria such as\n Proteobacteria<\/jats:italic>\n and\n Escherichia-Shigella<\/jats:italic>\n . The characteristic gut microbiota of the NM was enriched in\n Escherichia-Shigella<\/jats:italic>\n and its conditional pathogens, while the characteristic gut microbiota of the HF was enriched in beneficial symbiotic bacteria such as\n Akkermansia<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n Blautia,<\/jats:italic>\n and\n Bifidobacterium<\/jats:italic>\n . The metabolic pathways and the genetic information processing pathway were improved in the HF, and the DNA repair and recombination protein pathways were also repaired.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n \n The\n P. sibiricum<\/jats:italic>\n and\n P. cocos<\/jats:italic>\n combination effectively prevents spleen deficiency constipation, an effect associated with the brain-gut axis and gut microbiota. The observed trends in oxidative stress markers warrant further investigation.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2026.1793441","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T05:42:56Z","timestamp":1780551776000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Polygonatum sibiricum combined with Poria cocos prevents spleen deficiency constipation via the gut microbiota\u2013mediated brain\u2013gut axis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Menghui","family":"She","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Changsha, Hunan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xianqing","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Changsha, Hunan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhoujin","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Changsha, Hunan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","first-page":"141","article-title":"Analysis of clinical application and formula compatibility of patented compound prescriptions containing polygonatum based on data mining","volume":"17","author":"Ai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med. Innovation China"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1130","DOI":"10.3390\/biom15081130","article-title":"Therapeutic applications and mechanisms of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in different pathogenesis","volume":"15","author":"Anwar","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1474374","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2024.1474374","article-title":"Effect of xylo-oligosaccharides on intestinal bacterial diversity in mice with spleen deficiency constipation","volume":"15","author":"Ao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(21)00111-4","article-title":"Global prevalence of functional constipation according to the rome criteria: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"6","author":"Barberio","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1232","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2019.12.034","article-title":"Mechanisms, evaluation, and management of chronic constipation","volume":"158","author":"Bharucha","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.19945\/j.cnki.issn.1006-3250.2010.04.039","article-title":"Advances in the modern study of the physiological functions of the spleen in traditional Chinese medicine over the last twenty years","volume":"16","author":"Chen","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Basic Chin. Med."},{"key":"B7","first-page":"319","volume-title":"Pharmacopoeia of the Peoples Republic of China (Volume I)","year":"2020"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1006-5709.2017.05.006","article-title":"Research progress of brain gut peptides, anxiety and depression in constipation","volume":"26","author":"Dou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chin. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"823987","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.823987","article-title":"Epidemiology of constipation in elderly people in parts of China: a multicenter study","volume":"10","author":"Du","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Public Health"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.3390\/medsci7020021","article-title":"Therapeutic potential of the microbiome in the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders","volume":"7","author":"Evrensel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Med. Sci. (Basel)"},{"key":"B11","first-page":"1353","article-title":"Analysis on idea of all five zang-organs leading to occurrence of constipation from syndrome differentiation of zang-fu organs in huangdi neijing","volume":"40","author":"Fang","year":"2025"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.19852\/j.cnki.jtcm.2023.03.002","article-title":"Effectiveness of fuling (poria) and its extracts against spleen deficiency in rats via tonifying spleen","volume":"43","author":"Feng","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Tradit. Chin. Med."},{"key":"B13","first-page":"4152","article-title":"Effects of baizhu tongmi prescription on intestinal neurotransmitter factors in elderly patients with slow transit constipation of qi-stagnation syndrome, based on the \u201cbrain-gut axis\u201d theory","volume":"45","author":"Gao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chin. J. Gerontol"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7357","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2022.2045894","article-title":"Akkermansia muciniphila: from its critical role in human health to strategies for promoting its abundance in human gut microbiome","volume":"63","author":"Ghaffari","year":"2023","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1038\/s41401-024-01404-7","article-title":"Poria cocos: traditional uses, triterpenoid components and their renoprotective pharmacology","volume":"46","author":"Guo","year":"","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol. Sin."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1556915","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2025.1556915","article-title":"Massa medicata fermentata treated spleen deficiency constipation by mediating intestinal microbiota and serum peptide","volume":"15","author":"Guo","year":"","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27030666","article-title":"Efficacy of probiotic compounds in relieving constipation and their colonization in gut microbiota","volume":"27","author":"He","year":"2022","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3502","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-47594-w","article-title":"The gut commensal blautia maintains colonic mucus function under low-fiber consumption through secretion of short-chain fatty acids","volume":"15","author":"Holmberg","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5781","DOI":"10.1097\/JS9.0000000000001724","article-title":"Gut microbiome changes associated with chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"110","author":"Hong","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Surg."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3351","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1673-7202.2020.21.030","article-title":"Clinical research on progress of irritable bowel syndrome based on brain\u2013gut axis","volume":"15","author":"Jiang","year":"2020","journal-title":"World Chin. Med."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129527","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.129527","article-title":"Structure characterization of polysaccharides from Cistanche deserticola and their neuroprotective effects against oxidative stress in slow transit constipation mice","volume":"260","author":"Jiang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0957232024","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0957-23.2024","article-title":"CCK+ interneurons contribute to thalamus-evoked feed-forward inhibition in the prelimbic prefrontal cortex","volume":"44","author":"Kamalova","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112599","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2025.112599","article-title":"From gut to brain: the roles of intestinal microbiota, immune system, and hormones in intestinal physiology and gut-brain-axis","volume":"607","author":"Khan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Endocrinol."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119869","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.119869","article-title":"A multidimensional perspective on poria cocos, an ancient fungal traditional Chinese medicine","volume":"348","author":"Lei","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.13288\/j.11-2166\/r.2025.03.019","article-title":"Expert consensus on diagnosis and treatment of constipation by traditional Chinese medicine (2024)","volume":"66","author":"Leng","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Traditional Chin. Med."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1001-1242.2019.01.026","article-title":"Advances in research on serotonin and gut microbiota: their roles in gut-brain axis-associated disorders","volume":"34","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chin. J. Rehab. Med."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"992102","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2022.992102","article-title":"Benefits of neutral polysaccharide from rhizomes of Polygonatum sibiricum to intestinal function of aged mice","volume":"9","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Nutr."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2076","DOI":"10.20251\/j.cnki.1003-3734.2025.19.009","article-title":"Effect of massa medicata fermentata on gastrointestinal hormones and intestinal flora in mice with spleen deficiency constipation based on network pharmacology","volume":"34","author":"Liang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chin. J. New Drugs"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.7661\/CJIM.2014.08.0903","article-title":"Expounding the functions of Qi in TCM based on the effect of mitochondria","volume":"34","author":"Lin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chin. J. Integr. Tradit. West. Med."},{"key":"B30","first-page":"3679","article-title":"Modern interpretation of the correlation between the spleen controlling blood and the integrated functional effect of multiple zang-fu","volume":"33","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"China J. Traditional Chin. Med. Pharm."},{"key":"B31","first-page":"23","article-title":"An analysis of Qi and modern research","volume":"12","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. J. Chin. Med."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1074671","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2022.1074671","article-title":"Advances in Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharides: extraction, purification, structure, biosynthesis, and bioactivity","volume":"9","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Nutr."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118024","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118024","article-title":"Research progress on medicinal components and pharmacological activities of Polygonatum sibiricum","volume":"328","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6659775","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/6659775","article-title":"Phytochemistry and biological activities of poria","volume":"20","author":"Lu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Chem."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1561","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.16960","article-title":"Bifidobacterium lactobacillus triple viable alleviates slow transit constipation by regulating gut microbiota and metabolism","volume":"40","author":"Luo","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1390351","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2024.1390351","article-title":"The emerging role of oxidative stress in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"15","author":"Muro","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol. (Lausanne)"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.13422\/j.cnki.syfjx.20221290","article-title":"Clinical effect of modified jichuanjian on senile patients with slow transit constipation of spleen-Kidney yang deficiency syndrome and effect on brain-gut peptide","volume":"29","author":"Niu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chin. J. Exp. Traditional Med. Formulae"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-017-0802-6","article-title":"Microbiota-brain-gut axis and neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"17","author":"Quigley","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Neurol. Neurosci. Rep."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yfrne.2024.101122","article-title":"Cholecystokinin (CCK): a neuromodulator with therapeutic potential in alzheimers and parkinsons disease","volume":"73","author":"Reich","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Neuroendocrinol."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1421607","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2024.1421607","article-title":"Mechanisms of action and applications of Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide at the intestinal mucosa barrier: a review","volume":"19","author":"Ren","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1007\/s00508-023-02156-w","article-title":"Global prevalence of constipation in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"135","author":"Salari","year":"2023","journal-title":"Wien Klin. Wochenschr"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e14050","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.14050","article-title":"Chronic constipation in adults: contemporary perspectives and clinical challenges. 1: epidemiology, diagnosis, clinical associations, pathophysiology and investigation","volume":"33","author":"Scott","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol. Motil."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2020.108155","article-title":"Central 5-HT receptors and their function; present and future","volume":"177","author":"Sharp","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.13633\/j.cnki.zjtcm.2021.08.003","article-title":"An experimental study on liqi tongbian mixtures regulation of brain-gut peptides and amelioration of visceral hypersensitivity in a rat model of constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome","volume":"56","author":"Shi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Zhejiang J. Tradit. Chin. Med."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1867","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.10.024","article-title":"Chronic constipation as a risk factor for colorectal cancer: results from a nationwide, case-control study","volume":"20","author":"Staller","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2018.03.015","article-title":"Neurotransmitter modulation by the gut microbiota","volume":"1693","author":"Strandwitz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1006-2157.2021.07.006","article-title":"Effects of liqi tongbian formula on brain\u2010gut peptides in rats with functional constipation of qi stagnation pattern","volume":"44","author":"Tang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Beijing Univ. Tradit. Chin. Med."},{"key":"B48","first-page":"4","article-title":"Analysis on the medication compatibility of ancient formulas containing polygonatum in successive dynasties","volume":"30","author":"Tao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chin. J. Ethnomed. Ethnopharm."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2989","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11192989","article-title":"Oxidative stress and host-bacteria interactions: Escherichia coli and salmonella Derby","volume":"11","author":"Tsaturyan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115075","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.115075","article-title":"Research progress in the treatment of slow transit constipation by traditional Chinese medicine","volume":"290","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"B51","first-page":"131","article-title":"Effect of zengye decoction and liumo decoction on levels of serum 5-HT, motilin and vasoactive intestinal peptide in diabetic patients with constipation","volume":"51","author":"Wang","year":"","journal-title":"Liaoning J. Tradit. Chin. Med."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127660","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micres.2024.127660","article-title":"Gut microbiota and metabolites as predictors of biologics response in inflammatory bowel disease: a comprehensive systematic review","volume":"282","author":"Wang","year":"","journal-title":"Microbiol. Res."},{"key":"B53","first-page":"150","article-title":"Effect of transcranial magnetic stimulation combined with umbilical moxibustion on constipation after cerebral infarction and its influence on serum 5\u2010HT level","volume":"19","author":"Wen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chin. J. Mod. Drug Appl."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1160","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13041160","article-title":"Role of probiotics in modulating human gut microbiota populations and activities in patients with colorectal Cancer-A systematic review of clinical trials","volume":"13","author":"Wierzbicka","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"B55","first-page":"1","article-title":"Effects of sijunzi decoction on 5-HT receptor, serum inflammation and brain\u2014gut peptide in patients with irritable bowel syndrome","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chin. Arch. Tradit. Chin. Med"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.13381\/j.cnki.cjm.202309006","article-title":"Effect of Dendrobium officinale on the diversity of intestinalmicrobiota in mice with spleen deficiency constipation","volume":"35","author":"Wu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chin. J. Microecol"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104727","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fbio.2024.104727","article-title":"Polygonatum cyrtonema saponin supplementation ameliorated DSS-Induced intestinal barrier injury via targeting the pi3kaktmtor-mediated autophagymicrobiota axis","volume":"61","author":"Xiao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food Biosci."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9420040","DOI":"10.26599\/FMH.2025.9420040","article-title":"Research progress on structural characterization and bioactivities of poria cocos and ganoderma polysaccharides","volume":"2","author":"Xie","year":"2025","journal-title":"Food and Med. Homol."},{"key":"B59","first-page":"24","article-title":"Observation on the clinical effect of shenrong tongbian prescription on the elderly patients with chronic functional constipation of yang deficiency type and its influence on serum brain-gut peptide","volume":"20","author":"Yang","year":"2025","journal-title":"China Pract. Med."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"847828","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.847828","article-title":"Elucidation of the reinforcing spleen effect of jujube fruits based on metabolomics and intestinal flora analysis","volume":"12","author":"Yi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1007\/s13205-023-03580-5","article-title":"Brain-bacteria-gut axis and oxidative stress mediated by intestinal mucosal microbiota might be an important mechanism for constipation in mice","volume":"13","author":"Yi","year":"","journal-title":"Biotech."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1090302","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1090302","article-title":"Simo decoction curing spleen deficiency constipation was associated with brain-bacteria-gut axis by intestinal mucosal microbiota","volume":"14","author":"Yi","year":"","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1186\/s13020-020-00394-y","article-title":"Shengmai yin formula modulates the gut microbiota of spleen-deficiency rats","volume":"15","author":"You","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chin. Med."},{"key":"B64","first-page":"5474","article-title":"Study of poria cocos polysaccharide on immune function and intestinal flora regulating of spleen deficiency rats","volume":"39","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"China J. Tradit. Chin. Med. Pharm"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70012","DOI":"10.1002\/mco2.70012","article-title":"Gut microbiota in health and disease: advances and future prospects","volume":"5","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"MedComm"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1186\/s13568-025-01986-3","article-title":"Akkermansia muciniphila alleviates metabolic disorders through gut microbiota-mediated tryptophan regulation","volume":"15","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Amb. Express"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1955","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1673-7202.2022.13.026","article-title":"Animal constipation models combining the disease and syndrome: a review","volume":"17","author":"Zhu","year":"2022","journal-title":"World Chin. Med."},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.16025\/j.1674-1307.2009.01.029","article-title":"Establishment of mice model of spleen deficiency constipation","volume":"28","author":"Zou","year":"2009","journal-title":"Beijing J. Traditional Chin. Med."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fphar.2026.1793441\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T05:43:10Z","timestamp":1780551790000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fphar.2026.1793441\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]]},"references-count":68,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fphar.2026.1793441"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphar.2026.1793441","relation":{},"ISSN":["1663-9812"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1663-9812","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]]},"article-number":"1793441"}}