{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T06:31:29Z","timestamp":1787725889429,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787702400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pharmacol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aims to assess the impact of smart and digital transformation initiatives on the operational efficiency, personnel allocation, and error rates within the Pharmacy Intravenous Admixture Services (PIVAS) at a tertiary-grade A hospital.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Key components of the smart and digital transformation implemented in PIVAS were described. Comparative analyses were conducted on work efficiency metrics, staffing distribution, and error rates across two 3-month periods prior to and following the transformation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Post-transformation, workflow processes were significantly optimized, with the average labeling time per infusion label reduced from 6.19 \u00b1 0.87\u00a0s to 3.08 \u00b1 0.43\u00a0s. The time required to deliver an equivalent quantity of infusions decreased from 103.12 \u00b1 18.90\u00a0min to 69.81 \u00b1 14.87\u00a0min. The number of personnel involved in the labeling process was reduced from 6 to 4. Despite an increase of 20 wards, no additional personnel were needed for infusion delivery. The labeling error rate declined from 0.072% \u00b1 0.086% to 0.0084% \u00b1 0.022%, and the delivery error rate decreased from 0.033% \u00b1 0.048% to 0.0073% \u00b1 0.020%.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The intelligent digital transformation has significantly improved operational performance, accelerated label application speed, enhanced delivery efficiency, reduced staffing requirements, and lowed labeling error rates. These improvements support the sustainable development and operational performance of PIVAS in large healthcare institutions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2026.1798701","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T06:04:07Z","timestamp":1787724247000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Impact of smart and digital transformation on pharmacy intravenous admixture services in a tertiary-grade A hospital"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Cong-Cong","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacy Intravenous Admixture Services, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University (Qingdao)","place":["Qingdao, Shandong, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shu-Yan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacy Intravenous Admixture Services, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University (Qingdao)","place":["Qingdao, Shandong, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui-Han","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacy Intravenous Admixture Services, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University (Qingdao)","place":["Qingdao, Shandong, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ji","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacy Intravenous Admixture Services, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University (Qingdao)","place":["Qingdao, Shandong, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e24881","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000024881","article-title":"Multi-center investigation on personnel training and scientific research status of pharmacy intravenous admixture services (PIVAS) in mainland China based on the perspectives of PIVAS leaders","volume":"100","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1743","DOI":"10.7539\/j.issn.1672-2981.2021.08.047","article-title":"Evaluation of PIVAS information management and process optimization","volume":"19","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cent. 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