{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T06:04:27Z","timestamp":1780639467415,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":213,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780617600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pharmacol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Pueraria candollei<\/jats:italic>\n                      var.\n                      <jats:italic>mirifica<\/jats:italic>\n                      (Airy Shaw and Suvat.) Niyomdham (\n                      <jats:italic>Pueraria mirifica<\/jats:italic>\n                      ), locally known as \u201cWhite Kwao Krua\u201d or \u201cwhite kudzu\u201d, is a renowned medicinal botanical drug indigenous to Southeast Asia, particularly Thailand and Myanmar. It has long been utilized in ethnomedicine for estrogen-related conditions and age-associated functional decline. This review critically evaluates the nexus between its botanical characteristics, traditional ethnopharmacological uses, and contemporary evidence regarding its therapeutic potential.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A structured literature search was conducted across multiple international and Chinese databases up to 2025, with screening based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria focusing on botanical identity, chemical composition, pharmacological activity, toxicological evidence, and clinical findings. Taxonomic validity and geographic distribution were verified using Plants of the World Online (POWO) and the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). The names and chemical formulas of secondary metabolites were verified using the PubChem database, and the structures were drawn using ChemDraw 22.2.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Phytochemical studies on the rhizomes of\n                      <jats:italic>P. mirifica<\/jats:italic>\n                      showed that it contains 106 kinds of secondary metabolites, including benzopyrans, isoflavones and their glycosides, coumarins, steroids, fatty acids and their derivatives, and other metabolites. Pharmacological evidence demonstrates that\n                      <jats:italic>P. mirifica<\/jats:italic>\n                      exhibits potent estrogenic, anti-osteoporotic, and antioxidant activities, alongside neuroprotective and immunomodulatory effects. Clinical data suggest that its high concentration of potent phytoestrogens effectively mitigates vasomotor symptoms and urogenital syndromes in menopausal women, while positively influencing lipid metabolism and bone mineral density.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>P. mirifica<\/jats:italic>\n                      represents a high-potency phytoestrogenic candidate for menopause management. Nevertheless, the translation from traditional use to clinical standardization is hindered by a lack of rigorous pharmacokinetic data and inconsistent quality control of metabolites. Future research should move beyond descriptive summaries toward mechanistic studies that define long-term safety margins and standardized dose\u2013response relationships in order to ensure therapeutic reliability.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2026.1820644","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T05:38:28Z","timestamp":1780637908000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Pueraria mirifica: a critical review of the ethnobotany, phytochemistry, pharmacology and challenges in standardization and safety"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Haiqin","family":"Zeng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Nanning, China"]},{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of 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