{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T06:15:29Z","timestamp":1788156929478,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":96,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788134400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pharmacol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Myelotoxicity is a common adverse effect of vincristine and other chemotherapeutic drugs. Hesperetin is a bioactive flavanone with anti-inflammatory activity. This study was planned to examine the hesperetin protecting effect against vincristine induced myelosuppression and splenic inflammation in mice and test whether this effect is mediated through the suppression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)\/myeloid differentiation primary response-88 (MYD88)\/nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-\u03baB) signaling pathways.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Bioinformatics tools were used to establish the rationale of the study and molecular docking defined the potential binding of hesperetin to TLR4. Mice were allocated into different experimental groups: Group 1: was the saline mice, Group 2; mice were injected with vincristine (0.1\u00a0mg\/kg, i. p) for 5\u00a0days per week, Group 3; mice received vincristine (as in Group 2) plus hesperetin (100\u00a0mg\/kg, p. o.) and Group 4; mice received hesperetin (100\u00a0mg\/kg, p. o.) only; the experiment continued for 2\u00a0weeks.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The mouse experiment showed that vincristine produced significant decreases in hematological parameters (mainly leukocytes dropped to 4.6 \u00b1 0.32 and platelets dropped to 799.6 \u00b1 25.46 versus 9.48 \u00b1 0.19 and 1654 \u00b1 273.26 \u00d7 10\n                      <jats:sup>\u02c4<\/jats:sup>\n                      9\/L in the saline group, p less than 0.05) and bone marrow hypocellularity (dropped to \u223c30\u201340% compared to 95%\u2013100% in the saline group). The spleens showed white pulp lymphoid depletion, red pulp mild hypocellularity, greater immunostaining for MYD88, and greater content for TLR4, NF-\u03baB, MYD88, TNF-\u03b1 and IL-1\u03b2 proteins. Results of molecular docking showed that hesperetin is an interesting complementarity with the TLR4\/MD2 interface which was a good rationale for the experimental validation. The mouse experiment showed that hesperetin prevented the decrease hematological parameters, enhanced the bone marrow cellularity to 80%\u201390%, and the splenic architecture. Hesperetin further inhibited the increases in the target proteins (TLR4, NF-\u03baB, MYD88, TNF-\u03b1 and IL-1\u03b2) significantly.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The present data documents the novel role of hesperetin in mitigating myelotoxicity of vincristine through modulation of TLR4\/MYD88\/NF-\u03baB signaling and a direct binding to TLR4 was proposed by molecular docking. This highlights possible usefulness of this combination after adequate clinical studies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2026.1826774","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T05:39:11Z","timestamp":1788154751000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Protective effect of hesperetin against myelosuppression and splenic inflammation via modulating TLR4\/MYD88\/NF-\u03baB signaling: molecular docking and experimental validation"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Ghada A.","family":"Badawi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University-Arish Branch","place":["Arish, Egypt"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asmaa K. 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