{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]],"date-time":"2026-05-26T05:06:26Z","timestamp":1779771986296,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]],"date-time":"2026-05-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779753600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pharmacol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Camellia sinensis<\/jats:italic>\n                      L. has for many years been one of the most extensively produced and consumed tea products worldwide. Although interest in Longjing tea (LT) has grown due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, studies exploring its potential health effects remain limited. The purpose of this study was to reveal the potential preventive effects of LT on oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis occurring in gastric ulcers induced by indomethacin.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The composition of LT was determined using HPLC (High-Performance Liquid Chromatography). The control group received only tap water via the oral route for 14 days. The indomethacin-only group was administered 100\u00a0mg\/kg indomethacin in a single oral dose following 24-h fasting. The indomethacin + famotidine group received 40\u00a0mg\/kg famotidine via the oral route 1\u00a0hour before gastric ulcer induction. The members of the indomethacin + LT group received oral LT for 14 consecutive days. A gastric ulcer was induced after 24-h of fasting, and the experimental groups were sacrificed at the end of the sixth hour. Malondialdehyde, glutathione, cyclooxygenase 1 and 2, vascular endothelial cell growth factor A, nuclear factor kappa B, cleaved Poly ADP-ribose polymerase, pan-Akt, and p-Akt levels were examined at the tissue level.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Oxidative stress and inflammation, increased by indomethacin, activated the apoptotic cascade. LT showed partial anti-oxidative changes but significantly suppressed PARP-1 expression. The limited bioavailability of catechins may have restricted protective efficacy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The research showed that LT may be a promising agent with partial antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2026.1828212","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]],"date-time":"2026-05-26T04:48:13Z","timestamp":1779770893000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The synergistic protective effects of bioactive catechins in longjing tea: alleviate indomethacin-induced gastric toxicity through modulation of inflammatory and apoptotic pathways"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Atilla","family":"Topcu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University","place":["Rize, T\u00fcrkiye"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayca","family":"Toprak-Semiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University","place":["Rize, T\u00fcrkiye"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esra","family":"Deniz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University","place":["Rize, T\u00fcrkiye"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cigdem","family":"Ozturk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Ministry of Health, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University Training and Research Hospital","place":["Rize, T\u00fcrkiye"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ihsan","family":"Nalkiran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University","place":["Rize, T\u00fcrkiye"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hatice","family":"Sevim Nalkiran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University","place":["Rize, T\u00fcrkiye"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sibel","family":"Mataraci Karakas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University","place":["Rize, T\u00fcrkiye"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Medeni","family":"Arpa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University","place":["Rize, T\u00fcrkiye"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tice.2025.102838","article-title":"Apigenin improves chronic gastric ulcer in rats: the implication of COX-1\/2 and 5-LOX signaling pathways","volume":"95","author":"Abdel Fattah","year":"2025","journal-title":"Tissue Cell"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6165","DOI":"10.1007\/s10787-025-01948-y","article-title":"Gastroprotective effect of nifuroxazide against indomethacin-induced gastric ulcers in rats via modulation of Nrf2\/HO-1, HMGB1\/TLR4\/NF-\u03baB p65, and apoptotic caspase-3 signaling pathways","volume":"33","author":"Aboelmagd","year":"2025","journal-title":"Inflammopharmacology"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"082","DOI":"10.5897\/JMPR09.013","article-title":"Herbal medicine in ancient Egypt","volume":"4","author":"Aboelsoud","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. 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