{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T05:55:51Z","timestamp":1781762151774,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781740800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pharmacol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Medicinal plants used in traditional systems of medicine are a valuable source of bioactive compounds with therapeutic potential against oxidative stress\u2013related disorders, including male infertility.\n                      <jats:italic>Curcuma caesia<\/jats:italic>\n                      Roxb. is an ethnomedicinally important species known for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and aphrodisiac properties; however, its effects on male reproductive function remain insufficiently characterized.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study aimed to evaluate the metabolites composition and dose-dependent effects of\n                      <jats:italic>C. caesia<\/jats:italic>\n                      extract on sperm quality, testicular histology, and testosterone levels in male mice.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 24 male mice were divided into four groups (n = 6) using a completely randomized design. The ethanol extract of\n                      <jats:italic>C. caesia<\/jats:italic>\n                      rhizomes was dissolved in distilled water and administered at designated doses: 364\u00a0mg\/kg BW (P1), 728\u00a0mg\/kg BW (P2), and 1,092\u00a0mg\/kg BW (P3). Plant metabolites were quantified via spectrophotometry and GC-MS analysis. Serum testosterone levels were measured using ELISA, while testicular histology and morphometric parameters were assessed using hematoxylin\u2013eosin staining and microscopic imaging.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Analysis revealed the presence of flavonoids, phenolics, tannins, and alkaloids. The P3 treatment significantly improved sperm concentration by 155% compared to the control. However, the P2 treatment yielded the highest percentage of viable spermatozoa (85.78%), motility (39.28%), and normal morphology (84.67%), alongside enhanced seminiferous tubule structure and spermatogenic cell density. These effects are attributed to the ROS-scavenging activity of phytochemicals, which preserve cellular morphology and support spermatogenesis. Serum testosterone levels increased in a dose-dependent manner, correlating with Leydig cell proliferation. Notably, while the moderate dose (P2) resulted in optimal reproductive outcomes, the highest dose (P3) showed a decline in sperm quality and histological alterations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>C. caesia<\/jats:italic>\n                      enhances male reproductive functions, supporting its traditional use as a fertility-enhancing medicinal plant. However, its effects are dose-dependent, with optimal benefits observed at moderate concentrations and potential toxicity at higher doses. These findings provide novel preclinical evidence for the use of\n                      <jats:italic>C. caesia<\/jats:italic>\n                      in managing male infertility and establish a pharmacological basis for future clinical investigations.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2026.1837049","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T05:36:08Z","timestamp":1781760968000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Phytochemical properties of Curcuma caesia Roxb. improve sperm quality, testosterone levels, and testicular histology in male mice"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Ni Luh","family":"Suriani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Program Study Magister of Sustainable Finance and Development, Udayana University","place":["Bali, Indonesia"]},{"name":"Biology Study Program, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Udayana University","place":["Bali, Indonesia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ting Seng","family":"Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Back2Nature Regenerative Farm","place":["Kuala Pilah, Malaysia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nadiah S.","family":"Alzahrani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Science, Al Baha University","place":["Al Baha, Saudi Arabia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed M.","family":"Alghamdi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Al Baha Health Cluster, Sub Central Blood Bank","place":["Al Bahah, Saudi Arabia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dewa Ngurah","family":"Suprapta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biopesticide Laboratory, Agriculture Faculty, Udayana University","place":["Bali, Indonesia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I. Nyoman","family":"Suarsana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biochemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Udayana University","place":["Bali, Indonesia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmy","family":"Hamidah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agrotechnology Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Islam Darul Ulum Lamongan","place":["Lamongan, Indonesia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ni Made Rai","family":"Suarni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biology Study Program, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Udayana University","place":["Bali, Indonesia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5772\/intechopen.1007715","article-title":"Phytochemicals of natural fruit extract rehabilitate Male reproductive health","author":"Ahmad","year":"2025","journal-title":"Androl. 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