{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T06:56:36Z","timestamp":1790751396333,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790726400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pharmacol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Stroboscopic light stimulation (SLS) and psilocybin each induce altered states whose phenomenology and neurophysiology partly overlap, including posterior alpha-band changes and visual imagery. The two states engage the alpha band through different operations - pharmacological suppression under psilocybin and frequency-selective visual drive under SLS. We formalize their possible interaction for prediction and falsification. The framework proposes that, by relaxing the precision weighting of high-level cortical priors and, through 5-HT\n                    <jats:sub>2A<\/jats:sub>\n                    activation, suppressing posterior alpha-band power, psilocybin creates a state in which an exogenous, frequency-controlled visual rhythm can modulate the perceiver\u2019s experience. The thesis concerns precision rather than response amplitude. Because existing neuroimaging comes mostly from eyes-closed rest, where directional evidence is contested, the falsification does not depend on which sensory-inclusive model, Relaxed Beliefs Under Psychedelics (REBUS) or cortico-striatal-thalamo-cortical (CSTC), is correct. The framework predicts that, within a prespecified near-peak psilocin window, rhythmic SLS raises the Visionary Restructuralization dimension of the five-dimensional Altered States of Consciousness questionnaire (5D-ASC) relative to a luminance- and rate-matched arrhythmic control - an increase a precision framework predicts even if evoked amplitude does not rise. A complementary, report-independent endpoint, the intermodulation response to two-frequency stimulation, is proposed. State-dependence is tested as the drug-by-rhythmicity interaction in a 2 \u00d7 3 factorial design (placebo or psilocybin \u00d7 rhythmic SLS, arrhythmic control, or no stimulation), with the sign of any interaction evaluated on a pre-declared scale. An adequately precise negative interaction would count against the central state-dependence prediction for the tested conditions. The framework organizes five axes around this prediction: titration of experiential intensity at fixed dose, content shaping through frequency specificity, modulation of difficult-experience phenomenology, testing whether resting-state signatures depend on sensory context, and individual-difference profiling of SLS responsiveness. The framework makes no claim of therapeutic enhancement. Its aim is mechanistic and methodological.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2026.1852799","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T06:05:59Z","timestamp":1790748359000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Stroboscopic light stimulation as a controllable probe of the psilocybin state: a mechanistic framework and a falsifiable prediction"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Kacper","family":"\u017be\u0142abowski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientific Society for Psychopharmacology, Department of Forensic Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University","place":["Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomasz","family":"Wieczorek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Society for Prevention of Lifestyle Diseases","place":["Wroclaw, Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam","family":"Hamed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Spatial Memory, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences","place":["Warsaw, Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16S","DOI":"10.1016\/S0893-133X(98)00135-3","article-title":"Serotonin and hallucinogens","volume":"21","author":"Aghajanian","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e59784","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.59784","article-title":"DMT alters cortical travelling waves","volume":"9","author":"Alamia","year":"2020","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0284271","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0284271","article-title":"Effect of frequency and rhythmicity on flicker light-induced hallucinatory phenomena","volume":"18","author":"Amaya","year":"","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1162\/imag_a_00033","article-title":"Flicker light stimulation induces thalamocortical hyperconnectivity with LGN and higher-order thalamic nuclei","volume":"1","author":"Amaya","year":"","journal-title":"Imaging Neurosci."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1162\/netn_a_00417","article-title":"Thalamocortical interactions reflecting the intensity of flicker light-induced visual hallucinatory phenomena","volume":"9","author":"Amaya","year":"2025","journal-title":"Netw. 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