{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T15:26:52Z","timestamp":1791386812231,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783555200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pharmacol."],"abstract":"\n Background<\/jats:title>\n \n Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, relapsing inflammatory skin disorder characterized by pruritus and xerosis. Current treatments for AD primarily involve glucocorticoids and immunosuppressive agents. However, long-term administration of these treatments may lead to significant adverse effects. Therefore, there is an urgent need for effective therapeutic alternatives with improved safety profiles.\n Panax notoginseng<\/jats:italic>\n (Burkill) F. H. Chen is renowned for its diverse pharmacological properties and shows promise in the treatment of skin diseases.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Purpose<\/jats:title>\n \n This study investigated the effects of\n P. notoginseng<\/jats:italic>\n extract (PNE) on AD and its underlying mechanisms.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n We analyzed the chemical composition of PNE using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The anti-AD effects of PNE were evaluated in both an AD-like mouse model induced by calcipotriol (MC903) and a human keratinocyte (HaCaT) cell model stimulated with tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interferon-gamma (TNF-\u03b1\/IFN-\u03b3). Furthermore, metabolomics analysis of mouse skin tissue was conducted to elucidate the underlying metabolic mechanisms. To investigate the associated signaling pathways, quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) and Western blotting were performed.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n In MC903-induced mice, PNE exhibited potent anti-AD effects, including attenuation of AD-like skin lesions and suppression of Th2 cytokines (\n Il-4<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n Il-13<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n Il-31<\/jats:italic>\n ) and chemokines (\n Ccl5<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n Ccl17<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n Ccl22<\/jats:italic>\n ). In TNF-\u03b1\/IFN-\u03b3-stimulated HaCaT cells, PNE dose-dependently inhibited the expression of Th2-associated chemokines (\n CCL5<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n CCL17<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n CCL22<\/jats:italic>\n ). Moreover, PNE suppressed the mRNA expression of\n cGAS<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n STING<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n IRF3<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n IRF7<\/jats:italic>\n , and\n TBK1<\/jats:italic>\n , as well as the protein levels of cGAS and STING, both\n in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n and\n in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n . Metabolic profiling of mouse skin tissues revealed that PNE significantly modulates the metabolism of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, and arachidonic acid. HPLC analysis showed that ginsenoside Rg\n 1<\/jats:sub>\n , notoginsenoside R\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n (\n S<\/jats:italic>\n ), ginsenoside Rb\n 1<\/jats:sub>\n , and ginsenoside Rd were the main components of PNE. Notoginsenoside R\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n (\n S<\/jats:italic>\n ) and ginsenoside Rd dose-dependently inhibited the mRNA expression of\n CCL5<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n CCL17<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n CCL22<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n cGAS<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n STING<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n IRF3<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n IRF7<\/jats:italic>\n , and\n TBK1<\/jats:italic>\n .\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n PNE exerts anti-AD effects by attenuating Th2-mediated inflammatory responses via modulation of the cGAS\u2013STING pathway. These findings suggest that PNE has the potential to serve as a natural therapeutic option for AD.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2026.1859988","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T13:25:41Z","timestamp":1783603541000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Panax notoginseng extract alleviates atopic dermatitis-like skin inflammation associated with suppression of the cGAS\u2013STING pathway"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Xu","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory Co., Ltd.","place":["Kunming, China"]},{"name":"Yunnan Botanee Bio-Technology Group Co., Ltd.","place":["Kunming, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yichun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory Co., Ltd.","place":["Kunming, China"]},{"name":"Yunnan Botanee Bio-Technology Group Co., Ltd.","place":["Kunming, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhongyi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory Co., Ltd.","place":["Kunming, China"]},{"name":"Yunnan Botanee Bio-Technology Group Co., Ltd.","place":["Kunming, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziyan","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory Co., Ltd.","place":["Kunming, China"]},{"name":"Yunnan Botanee Bio-Technology Group Co., Ltd.","place":["Kunming, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunhao","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory Co., Ltd.","place":["Kunming, China"]},{"name":"Yunnan Botanee Bio-Technology Group Co., Ltd.","place":["Kunming, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory Co., Ltd.","place":["Kunming, China"]},{"name":"Yunnan Botanee Bio-Technology Group Co., Ltd.","place":["Kunming, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liping","family":"Qu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory Co., Ltd.","place":["Kunming, China"]},{"name":"Yunnan Botanee Bio-Technology Group Co., Ltd.","place":["Kunming, China"]},{"name":"Botanee Research Institute, Shanghai Jiyan Biomedical Development Co., Ltd.","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feifei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory Co., Ltd.","place":["Kunming, China"]},{"name":"Yunnan Botanee Bio-Technology Group Co., Ltd.","place":["Kunming, China"]},{"name":"Botanee Research Institute, Shanghai Jiyan Biomedical Development Co., Ltd.","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fengkun","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory Co., Ltd.","place":["Kunming, China"]},{"name":"Yunnan Botanee Bio-Technology Group Co., Ltd.","place":["Kunming, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-021-00266-6","article-title":"Atopic dermatitis: an expanding therapeutic pipeline for a complex disease","volume":"21","author":"Bieber","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. 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