{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T15:52:10Z","timestamp":1782921130232,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pharmacol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Antifungal resistance in\n                      <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic>\n                      species is a growing clinical problem globally, especially in immunocompromised patients. One of the alternative approaches to conventional therapies are currently based on essential oils (EOs) alone or in combination with antifungals. We aimed to evaluate the antifungal activity of\n                      <jats:italic>Cinnamomum verum<\/jats:italic>\n                      EO, alone and in combination with fluconazole, against reference and multidrug-resistant (MDR)\n                      <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic>\n                      strains by\n                      <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      assays.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The chemical composition of the EO was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Antifungal activity was assessed by broth microdilution (minimum inhibitory concentration determination), while anti-adherence effects were evaluated using the microtitration with crystal violet. The fractional inhibitory concentration index and response surface approach were used to study synergistic interactions. The\n                      <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      efficacy was assessed by tracking virulence factors, fungal load, and larval survival in\n                      <jats:italic>Galleria mellonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      model.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The most significant phenylpropanoid components of the EO were (E)-cinnamaldehyde and eugenol. It demonstrated high antifungal activity and significantly decreased adherence to the inert substratum. The tested EO exhibited pharmacological synergy in combination with fluconazole, especially against fluconazole-resistant\n                      <jats:italic>Candida auris<\/jats:italic>\n                      strains. The optimized fluconazole-EO combination decreased fungal virulence and load, as well as\n                      <jats:italic>G. mellonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      larval mortality.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>C. verum<\/jats:italic>\n                      EO exhibits strong anti-virulence and antifungal effects and increases fluconazole activity, indicating its potential as an adjuvant treatment against resistant\n                      <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic>\n                      infections.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2026.1864146","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T15:28:00Z","timestamp":1782919680000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["In vitro and in vivo antifungal effects of fluconazole in combination with Cinnamomum verum essential oil against Candida spp"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Marina Ionela","family":"Nedea","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, \u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy","place":["Bucharest, Romania"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Serena-\u0218tefania","family":"Velicu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest","place":["Bucharest, Romania"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ioana Cristina","family":"Marina\u015f","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Research Institute of the University of Bucharest (ICUB)","place":["Bucharest, Romania"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mihaela","family":"Buleandr\u0103","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bucharest","place":["Bucharest, Romania"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreea","family":"Leti\u021bia Arsene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, \u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy","place":["Bucharest, Romania"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruno \u0218tefan","family":"Velescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, \u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy","place":["Bucharest, Romania"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariana Carmen","family":"Chifiriuc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest","place":["Bucharest, Romania"]},{"name":"The Research Institute of the University of Bucharest (ICUB)","place":["Bucharest, Romania"]},{"name":"The Romanian Academy","place":["Bucharest, Romania"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irina","family":"Gheorghe-Barbu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest","place":["Bucharest, Romania"]},{"name":"The Research Institute of the University of Bucharest (ICUB)","place":["Bucharest, Romania"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1514","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics12101514","article-title":"Antibacterial and anti-efflux activities of cinnamon essential oil against pan and extensive drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from human and animal sources","volume":"12","author":"Abdelatti","year":"2023","journal-title":"Antibiotics"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1756267","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2026.1756267","article-title":"Antifungal and anti-virulence activities of cinnamon, thyme, and clove essential oils against candida species","volume":"17","author":"Ahaik","year":"2026","journal-title":"Front. 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