{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T06:05:35Z","timestamp":1790057135635,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790035200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pharmacol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to improve the oral bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy of quercetin (QUE) against ulcerative colitis (UC) by formulating flexible quercetin nanocrystals (QUE-NCs) with the assistance of geniposide (Gen).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>QUE-NCs were prepared via an antisolvent precipitation method leveraging the interaction between QUE and Gen. Therapeutic efficacy was evaluated in a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced UC mouse model using disease activity index (DAI), colon histopathology (H&amp;amp;E), and ELISA-based biochemical assays. Biosafety was assessed through serum biochemistry, organ indices, and histopathological examination. An HPLC method was developed and validated for quantifying QUE in rat plasma, followed by a pharmacokinetic study in Wistar rats.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      QUE-NCs exhibited a flexible rod-like morphology and significantly alleviated UC symptoms, including weight loss, fecal occult blood, and colonic damage. Treatment with QUE-NCs reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-\u03b1: 173.51\u00a0pg\u00b7mL\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      ; IL-6: 32.55\u00a0pg\u00b7mL\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      ), restored anti-inflammatory IL-10 levels (126.37\u00a0pg\u00b7mL\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      ), and suppressed oxidative stress markers (MPO: 579.95\u00a0pg\u00b7mL\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      ; MDA: 62.44\u00a0nmol\u00b7g\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      ; iNOS: 6.78\u00a0ng\u00b7mL\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      ). The nanocrystal formulation demonstrated excellent biosafety at the tested dose and significantly enhanced QUE\u2019s oral bioavailability (294.42% relative to raw QUE).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Gen-assisted formulation of QUE-NCs improves both the oral absorption and anti-UC efficacy of QUE, offering a promising nanostrategy for flavonoid-based therapeutic development.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2026.1873475","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T05:41:09Z","timestamp":1790055669000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Ulcerative colitis therapeutic effects and pharmacokinetics of flexible quercetin nanocrystals prepared with geniposide assistance"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Wei","family":"Lv","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University","place":["Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haobo","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University","place":["Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haixian","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacy Department, Hohhot Mongolian Medicine of Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital","place":["Hohhot, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huiqin","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nursing Department, Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University","place":["Hohhot, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiale","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University","place":["Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinlei","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University","place":["Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaohong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University","place":["Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongtai","family":"Xv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University","place":["Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huanyun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University","place":["Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shibing","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nursing Department, Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University","place":["Hohhot, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shikui","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University","place":["Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.3390\/ph16071020","article-title":"Recent advances in potential health benefits of quercetin","volume":"16","author":"Aghababaei","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2019.104642","article-title":"The use of ultrasound in the crystallization process of an active pharmaceutical ingredient","volume":"58","author":"Belca","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ultrason. 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