{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T06:27:57Z","timestamp":1787120877525,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787097600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pharmacol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Uterine fibroids (leiomyomas) are benign uterine tumors common in reproductive years. Metabolic syndrome\u2014marked by obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension, and dyslipidemia\u2014has been associated with increased fibroid risk. Two Nigerian plants,\n                      <jats:italic>Xanthosoma sagittifolium<\/jats:italic>\n                      (cocoyam) and\n                      <jats:italic>Corchorus olitorius<\/jats:italic>\n                      (jute mallow), are traditionally used to support women\u2019s reproductive health, though their antifibrotic potential remains underexplored. This study investigated their protective properties against fibroid development using\n                      <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      models.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Fresh corms of\n                      <jats:italic>X. sagittifolium<\/jats:italic>\n                      and leaves of\n                      <jats:italic>C. olitorius<\/jats:italic>\n                      were collected, authenticated, air-dried, pulverized, and extracted with 70% ethanol. Antioxidant activities were assessed using DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, nitric oxide scavenging, and Fe\n                      <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                      chelation assays. Enzyme inhibitory activities were tested against \u03b1-amylase, \u03b1-glucosidase, and acetylcholinesterase. Uterine leiomyoma was induced in female albino rats\n                      <jats:italic>via<\/jats:italic>\n                      oral monosodium glutamate (MSG). Animals were grouped into control, MSG-induced, standard drug-treated, and extract-treated sets. Blood samples were analyzed for hormones, while ovaries and the cervix were examined histologically. Phytochemical profiling was performed using HPLC.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results and Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>C. olitorius<\/jats:italic>\n                      leaf extract showed the strongest antioxidant activity, with a DPPH IC\n                      <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                      of 0.132 \u00b1 0.005\u00a0\u03bcg\/mL. ABTS values ranged from 37.50 to 42.80\u00a0mmol TEAC\/100\u00a0g, while FRAP values were 0.0700\u20130.1500\u00a0mg AAE\/g. Fe\n                      <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                      chelation IC\n                      <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                      values ranged from 0.143 to 0.188\u00a0\u03bcg\/mL, with notable nitric oxide scavenging. Enzyme assays revealed significant \u03b1-amylase inhibition by\n                      <jats:italic>C. olitorius<\/jats:italic>\n                      (IC\n                      <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                      0.143\u00a0\u03bcg\/mL), while \u03b1-glucosidase inhibition was strongest in\n                      <jats:italic>X. sagittifolium<\/jats:italic>\n                      corm extract. Acetylcholinesterase inhibition was highest in\n                      <jats:italic>C. olitorius<\/jats:italic>\n                      (IC\n                      <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                      3.567\u00a0\u03bcg\/mL). HPLC profiling showed distinct phytochemical compositions across extracts.\n                      <jats:italic>In vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      , MSG disrupted reproductive hormones and tissue architecture, while plant extracts restored hormonal balance and improved histology, comparable to the standard drug. These findings support antioxidant, enzyme inhibitory, and endocrine-modulating properties but have not yet established therapeutic efficacy against uterine leiomyoma in humans. Therefore, further studies on direct uterine tissue evaluation and fibrosis-specific biomarker analysis are hereby recommended.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2026.1879860","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T05:47:59Z","timestamp":1787118479000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Pharmacological activities of Xanthosoma sagittifolium (L.) Schott and Corchorus olitorius L. extracts in uterine leiomyoma: evidence from in vitro and in vivo approaches"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Mariam Adeyinka","family":"Fafure","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy and Herbal Medicine, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Ibadan","place":["Ibadan, Nigeria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oluwadamilola Grace","family":"Adedoyin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy and Herbal Medicine, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Ibadan","place":["Ibadan, Nigeria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peluola Olujide","family":"Ayeni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Phytomedicine and Drug Discovery Research Laboratory (PDD-RL), Biochemistry Programme, Bowen University","place":["Iwo, Nigeria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akingbolabo Daniel","family":"Ogunlakin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Phytomedicine and Drug Discovery Research Laboratory (PDD-RL), Biochemistry Programme, Bowen University","place":["Iwo, Nigeria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mubo Adeola","family":"Sonibare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy and Herbal Medicine, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Ibadan","place":["Ibadan, Nigeria"]},{"name":"Pan African University of Life and Earth Sciences Institute (Including Health and Agriculture)","place":["Ibadan, Oyo, Nigeria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rashed N.","family":"Herqash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Research on Medicinal, Aromatic, and Poisonous Plants, DSR, King Saud University","place":["Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joe Miantezila","family":"Basilua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics and Mathematics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Paris Cit\u00e9 University","place":["Paris, France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdelaaty A.","family":"Shahat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Research on Medicinal, Aromatic, and Poisonous Plants, DSR, King Saud University","place":["Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35103","DOI":"10.1039\/d2ra07406k","article-title":"Pharmacological and phytochemical biodiversity of Corchorus olitorius","volume":"12","author":"Abdel-Razek","year":"2022","journal-title":"RSC Advances"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.47852\/bonviewmedin52024971","article-title":"Chronic disease management in families: a public health and biomedicine perspective","author":"Ajayi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Medinformatics"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.5897\/AJFS12.099","article-title":"Antioxidant and antibacterial activities of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. extracts","volume":"6","author":"Al-Hashimi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Afr. 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