{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T17:00:48Z","timestamp":1786122048699,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786060800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pharmacol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ketamine gargle is considered a highly effective measure for preventing postoperative sore throat (POST). This randomized controlled study aimed to explore the efficacy, safety, and optimal dosage of esketamine gargle for preventing POST following laryngeal mask airway insertion.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 150 patients were randomly assigned to receive normal saline (NS), 25\u00a0mg, or 50\u00a0mg of esketamine gargle at a 1:1:1 ratio for 30\u00a0s prior to general anesthesia. The primary outcomes were the incidence of POST at 2, 6, and 24\u00a0h postoperatively. The secondary outcomes included the severity of POST at 2, 6, and 24\u00a0h postoperatively, along with the incidence and severity of dysphagia and hoarseness. Other outcomes included the incidence of the first intubation attempt, repositioning during surgery, convert to tracheal intubation, SpO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      &amp;lt; 90%, blood stain on the laryngeal mask airway, tachycardia and hypertension following gargling, intraoperative peak airway pressure, and end - tidal carbon dioxide partial pressure (PetCO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      ).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The incidence of POST at 2, 6, and 24\u00a0h postoperatively was 32%, 10%, and 12%; 22%, 8%, and 8%; and 12%, 6%, and 4%, respectively, with a statistically significant difference among groups at 2\u00a0h postoperatively (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.007). In comparison with the NS group, the incidence of POST at 2\u00a0h postopertively in the 25\u00a0mg group was significantly lower (32% vs. 10%,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.013). No statistically significant differences were observed in the remaining outcomes.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Esketamine gargle is effective and safe for preventing POST following laryngeal mask airway insertion, and a dose of 25\u00a0mg is recommended.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical Trial Registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>ChiCTR2500099787.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2026.1882856","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T08:05:26Z","timestamp":1786089926000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Observational study on the application of different esketamine gargle doses for the prevention of postoperative sore throat after laryngeal mask airway insertion"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Le","family":"Bo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Huai\u2019an Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University (The Fifth People\u2019s Hospital of Huai\u2019an)","place":["Huaian, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University","place":["Yinchuan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linsen","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Huai\u2019an Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University (The Fifth People\u2019s Hospital of Huai\u2019an)","place":["Huaian, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Zhai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Huai\u2019an Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University (The Fifth People\u2019s Hospital of Huai\u2019an)","place":["Huaian, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Huai\u2019an Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University (The Fifth People\u2019s Hospital of Huai\u2019an)","place":["Huaian, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoxiao","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Huai\u2019an Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University (The Fifth People\u2019s Hospital of Huai\u2019an)","place":["Huaian, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiangsheng","family":"Xiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Huai\u2019an Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University (The Fifth People\u2019s Hospital of Huai\u2019an)","place":["Huaian, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1186\/s12871-022-01868-2","article-title":"Effect of tracheal tube cuff inflation with alkalinized lidocaine versus air on hemodynamic responses during extubation and post-operative airway morbidities in children: prospective observational cohort study, Ethiopia","volume":"22","author":"Assefa","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bmc. 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