{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T11:06:50Z","timestamp":1790593610634,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790035200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pharmacol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate clinical outcomes and documented adverse events following treatment with a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) foot bath preparation in patients with lower-limb edema and sleep disturbance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This single-center retrospective observational study included 2,000 patients treated at Lanzhou Second People\u2019s Hospital between May 2017 and May 2022. All patients had varying degrees of lower-limb edema, peripheral circulatory dysfunction, and sleep disturbance. Patients received a standardized TCM foot bath preparation consisting of stir-fried peach kernel (10\u00a0g), bush cherry seed (15\u00a0g), Chinese angelica root (10\u00a0g), and safflower (10\u00a0g). The preparation was administered once daily for 20 sessions, comprising two consecutive 10-day treatment courses. Clinical outcomes were assessed by comparing ankle circumference, ABI, and PSQI values before and after treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Using the routine record-based classification, 1,120 patients (56.0%) were classified as \u201cmarkedly effective,\u201d 770 (38.5%) as \u201ceffective,\u201d and 110 (5.5%) as \u201cineffective.\u201d The combined proportion was 94.5%; however, this classification is not internationally validated and is reported descriptively rather than as evidence of effectiveness. After treatment, ankle circumference and PSQI scores were significantly lower than baseline values (both P &amp;lt; 0.01), whereas ABI values were significantly higher (P &amp;lt; 0.05). Mild local adverse reactions, including transient redness and dryness, were observed in a small proportion of patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this single-center retrospective observational study, post-treatment changes were observed in lower-limb edema, peripheral circulation, and sleep quality.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2026.1884794","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T05:41:16Z","timestamp":1790055676000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Clinical outcomes following a traditional Chinese medicine foot bath preparation for lower-limb edema and sleep disturbance: a single-center retrospective study of 2,000 patients"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Yehua","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, The Second People\u2019s Hospital of Lanzhou City","place":["Lanzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingwang","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, The Second People\u2019s Hospital of Lanzhou City","place":["Lanzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shanbairong","family":"Nie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hamilton College","place":["Clinton, NY, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chanyuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geriatrics, The Second People\u2019s Hospital of Lanzhou City","place":["Lanzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, The Second People\u2019s Hospital of Lanzhou City","place":["Lanzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2890","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0b013e318276fbcb","article-title":"Measurement and interpretation of the ankle-brachial index","volume":"126","author":"Abraham","year":"2012","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1781(89)90047-4","article-title":"The Pittsburgh sleep quality index: a new instrument for psychiatric practice and research","volume":"28","author":"Buysse","year":"1989","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70118","DOI":"10.1111\/scs.70118","article-title":"A systematic review and meta\u2010analysis of footbath effects and optimal procedures to improve sleep in older adults","volume":"39","author":"Chang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Scand. 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