{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T04:55:47Z","timestamp":1790916947548,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790899200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009398","name":"Medizinische Fakult\u00e4t, RWTH Aachen University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009398","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pharmacol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The recent identification of the diet-derived CYP2D6 biomarker solanidine, a potato constituent, enables the study of CYP2D6 activity\n                      <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Although solanidine metabolic ratios (MR) were shown to be relatively stable over the day with high positive correlations to CYP2D6 phenotype and genotype, the influence of a solanidine-containing potato meal on solanidine metabolite plasma concentrations and MR is unclear.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this study with 20 healthy participants, not preselected for specific CYP2D6 genotypes, a standardized potato meal was administered after 3\u00a0days of potato-fasting (DRKS00031441). Blood sampling was conducted at 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 29\u00a0h. Participants were genotyped for CYP2D6 and plasma concentrations of solanidine and its metabolites 4-OH-solanidine and 3,4-secosolanidine-3,4-dioic acid (SSDA) were measured by LC-MS\/MS. MRs were formed by dividing metabolite by substrate concentrations at each sampling time point.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Solanidine and metabolite plasma concentrations showed no consistent increases. Solanidine plasma concentrations (29\u00a0h vs. baseline) increased in median 0.09\u00a0ng\/mL (range: \u22120.37 to 1.43\u00a0ng\/mL). Within the period of 29\u00a0h, the linear relationship of solanidine ln MRs to the CYP2D6 activity score (AS) improved over time after intake of the potato meal with the best association after 29\u00a0h (r\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      = 0.56).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Changes in solanidine and metabolite plasma concentrations after the potato meal were variable, which could be attributed to interindividual absorption variability. CYP2D6 phenotyping may be improved by a previous potato meal at least 1\u00a0day before blood sampling. This may allow solanidine CYP2D6 phenotyping in populations with low dietary potato consumption.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2026.1886427","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T04:38:55Z","timestamp":1790915935000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Solanidine metabolic ratios for CYP2D6 phenotyping after a standardized potato meal"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Julian Peter","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen","place":["Aachen, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Friske","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Functional Microbiome Research Group, Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen","place":["Aachen, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Hasoumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen","place":["Aachen, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bob","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen","place":["Aachen, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jens Andreas","family":"Sar\u00f6mba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen","place":["Aachen, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jolanta","family":"Tupiec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen","place":["Aachen, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pascal","family":"Koczera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen","place":["Aachen, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thea","family":"Laurentius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geriatric Medicine, University Hospital RWTH Aachen","place":["Aachen, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany"]},{"name":"Department of Geriatrics, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg","place":["Oldenburg, Lower Saxony, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Clavel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Functional Microbiome Research Group, Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen","place":["Aachen, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia C.","family":"Stingl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen","place":["Aachen, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany"]},{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, University Hospital Heidelberg","place":["Heidelberg, Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katja S.","family":"Just","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen","place":["Aachen, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70564","DOI":"10.1111\/cts.70564","article-title":"Exploratory evaluation of solanidine as an endogenous marker for CYP2D6-Mediated drug-drug-gene interactions of venlafaxine in koreans","volume":"19","author":"Bae","year":"2026","journal-title":"Clin. 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