{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T03:00:34Z","timestamp":1785466834925,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785456000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pharmacol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by aberrant proliferation and activation of fibroblast\u2010like synoviocytes (FLSs), leading to production of inflammatory mediators. Although interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF1) is known to participate in immune regulation, its specific role and upstream activation mechanism in RA\u2010FLSs remain elusive.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      IRF1 expression was assessed in RA synovial tissues, collagen\u2010induced arthritis (CIA) mouse synovium, and TNF\u2010\u03b1\u2010stimulated RA\u2010FLSs. Functional assays evaluated pyroptosis after IRF1 knockdown. Mechanistic investigations included ChIP\u2010seq, Cut\u2010and\u2010Run, and luciferase reporter assays to identify IRF1 target genes and promoter binding.\n                      <jats:italic>In vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      , CIA mice were treated with IRF1 modulation to evaluate arthritis severity.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>IRF1 was significantly upregulated in RA tissues and TNF\u2010\u03b1\u2010treated FLSs. IRF1 suppression attenuated pyroptosis and reduced pyroptosis\u2010associated proteins (CASP1, GSDMD\u2010N, IL\u20101\u03b2, IL\u201018). TNF\u2010\u03b1 activated p65, which directly bound to the IRF1 promoter, increasing IRF1 expression. IRF1 directly bound to the CASP1 promoter, enhancing CASP1 expression and pyroptosis. In CIA mice, IRF1 modulation markedly alleviated arthritis symptoms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The TNF\u2010\u03b1\u2013p65\u2013IRF1\u2013CASP1 axis drives pyroptosis in RA\u2010FLSs and contributes to RA pathogenesis, identifying IRF1 as a promising therapeutic target value.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2026.1896639","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T02:29:02Z","timestamp":1785464942000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A novel role of the TNF-\u03b1\/p65\/IRF1 axis in aggravating rheumatoid arthritis through the induction of fibroblast-like synoviocytes pyroptosis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Qian","family":"Jia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Linyi People\u2019s Hospital Affiliated to Shandong Second Medical University","place":["Linyi, China"]},{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Linyi People\u2019s Hospital, Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Immune Diseases and Gout","place":["Linyi, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiuli","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Linyi People\u2019s Hospital Affiliated to Shandong Second Medical University","place":["Linyi, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Linyi People\u2019s Hospital Affiliated to Shandong Second Medical University","place":["Linyi, China"]},{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Linyi People\u2019s Hospital, Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Immune Diseases and Gout","place":["Linyi, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenchun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Linyi People\u2019s Hospital Affiliated to Shandong Second Medical University","place":["Linyi, China"]},{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Linyi People\u2019s Hospital, Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Immune Diseases and Gout","place":["Linyi, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zunzhong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Linyi People\u2019s Hospital Affiliated to Shandong Second Medical University","place":["Linyi, China"]},{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Linyi People\u2019s Hospital, Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Immune Diseases and Gout","place":["Linyi, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuling","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Linyi People\u2019s Hospital Affiliated to Shandong Second Medical University","place":["Linyi, China"]},{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Linyi People\u2019s Hospital, Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Immune Diseases and Gout","place":["Linyi, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Linyi People\u2019s Hospital Affiliated to Shandong Second Medical University","place":["Linyi, China"]},{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Linyi People\u2019s Hospital, Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Immune Diseases and Gout","place":["Linyi, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"BSR20171672","DOI":"10.1042\/BSR20171672","article-title":"Interferon regulatory factor 1 inactivation in human cancer","volume":"38","author":"Alsamman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biosci. Rep."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-025-00837-0","article-title":"Mechanistic insights into gasdermin-mediated pyroptosis","volume":"26","author":"Bai","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd2422","article-title":"Interferons at age 50: past, current and future impact on biomedicine","volume":"6","author":"Borden","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1269","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2007.173","article-title":"Collagen-induced arthritis","volume":"2","author":"Brand","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2768","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.02.006","article-title":"Gasdermin D in pyroptosis","volume":"11","author":"Burdette","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Pharm. Sin. B"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110913","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2023.110913","article-title":"A novel drug combination of Tofacitinib and Iguratimod alleviates rheumatoid arthritis and secondary osteoporosis","volume":"124","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eadr5300","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.adr5300","article-title":"Interferon regulatory factor-1-expressing astrocytes are epigenetically controlled and exacerbate TBI-associated pathology in mice","volume":"17","author":"Cui","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7916","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21217916","article-title":"Modeling rheumatoid arthritis in vitro: from experimental feasibility to physiological proximity","volume":"21","author":"Damerau","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1136\/ard-2023-224211","article-title":"Therapeutic interception in individuals at risk of rheumatoid arthritis to prevent clinically impactful disease","volume":"84","author":"Deane","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1307","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11081307","article-title":"How pyroptosis contributes to inflammation and fibroblast-macrophage cross-talk in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"11","author":"Demarco","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1038\/s41413-024-00363-3","article-title":"IRF1-mediated upregulation of PARP12 promotes cartilage degradation by inhibiting PINK1\/Parkin dependent mitophagy through ISG15 attenuating ubiquitylation and SUMOylation of MFN1\/2","volume":"12","author":"Deng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Bone Res."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2020-0524OC","article-title":"Nur77 attenuates inflammasome activation by inhibiting Caspase-1 expression in pulmonary vascular endothelial cells","volume":"65","author":"Ding","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Cell. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1328","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7689748","article-title":"Prevention of collagen-induced arthritis with an antibody to gp39, the ligand for CD40","volume":"261","author":"Durie","year":"1993","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2022.11.001","article-title":"Non-canonical NF-kappaB contributes to endothelial pyroptosis and atherogenesis dependent on IRF-1","volume":"255","author":"Fan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Transl. Res."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"965708","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.965708","article-title":"ATF6alpha contributes to rheumatoid arthritis by inducing inflammatory cytokine production and apoptosis resistance","volume":"13","author":"Ge","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1038\/s41423-024-01185-3","article-title":"Chaperone- and PTM-mediated activation of IRF1 tames radiation-induced cell death and the inflammatory response","volume":"21","author":"Geng","year":"","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Immunol."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2405759","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202405759","article-title":"NEMO-binding Domain\/IKKgamma inhibitory peptide alleviates neuronal pyroptosis in spinal cord injury by inhibiting ASMase-Induced lysosome membrane permeabilization","volume":"11","author":"Geng","year":"","journal-title":"Adv. Sci. (Weinh)"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-022-05047-6","article-title":"A novel mechanism for macrophage pyroptosis in rheumatoid arthritis induced by Pol beta deficiency","volume":"13","author":"Gu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell. Death Dis."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2023.01.008","article-title":"Relief of extracellular matrix deposition repression by downregulation of IRF1-Mediated TWEAK\/Fn14 signaling in keloids","volume":"143","author":"Gu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Invest. Dermatol"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2917128","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/2917128","article-title":"IFN regulatory Factor 1 mediates macrophage pyroptosis induced by oxidized low-density lipoprotein in patients with acute coronary syndrome","volume":"2019","author":"Guo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mediators Inflamm."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9616","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-35499-5","article-title":"ABCA1 deficiency contributes to podocyte pyroptosis priming via the APE1\/IRF1 axis in diabetic kidney disease","volume":"13","author":"Ito","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2410806","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202410806","article-title":"RNA N(6)-Methyladenosine-Binding protein YTHDFs redundantly attenuate cancer immunity by downregulating IFN-gamma signaling in gastric cancer","volume":"12","author":"Jang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Sci. (Weinh)"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115994","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2023.115994","article-title":"Knockdown of Galectin-9 alleviates rheumatoid arthritis through suppressing TNF-alpha-induced activation of fibroblast-like synoviocytes","volume":"220","author":"Jia","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1002\/art.42759","article-title":"Amino acids fueling fibroblast-like synoviocyte activation and arthritis by regulating chemokine expression and leukocyte migration","volume":"76","author":"Karonitsch","year":"2024","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-024-01169-7","article-title":"Management strategies in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"20","author":"Konzett","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Rheumatol."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1142","DOI":"10.1136\/ard-2022-223396","article-title":"Cytokine-directed cellular cross-talk imprints synovial pathotypes in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"82","author":"Kugler","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2024.02.011","article-title":"Gasdermin and MLKL necrotic cell death effectors: signaling and diseases","volume":"57","author":"Lawlor","year":"2024","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.1002\/art.37853","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor alpha induces sustained signaling and a prolonged and unremitting inflammatory response in rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts","volume":"65","author":"Lee","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1493","DOI":"10.1002\/art.41290","article-title":"Protective role of optineurin against joint destruction in Rheumatoid arthritis Synovial fibroblasts","volume":"72","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-025-03399-2","article-title":"H3K18 lactylation-mediated nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-2 (NOD2) expression promotes bilirubin-induced pyroptosis of astrocytes","volume":"22","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1192153","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2023.1192153","article-title":"Bioinformatics identification of ferroptosis-related genes and therapeutic drugs in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"10","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Med. (Lausanne)"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1520400","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2025.1520400","article-title":"Identification of immune characteristic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in cuproptosis for rheumatoid arthritis by integrated bioinformatics analysis and single-cell RNA sequencing analysis","volume":"12","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Med. (Lausanne)"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1007\/s10863-024-10035-w","article-title":"WTAP promotes fibroblast-like synoviocyte pyroptosis in Rheumatoid arthritis by upregulating N6-methyladenosine modification of NLRP3","volume":"56","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Bioenerg. Biomembr."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1007\/s00011-019-01244-w","article-title":"TNF-alpha\/calreticulin dual signaling induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation associated with HuR nucleocytoplasmic shuttling in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"68","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Inflamm. Res."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-026-08537-z","article-title":"ANGPTL2 inhibits macrophage pyroptosis and alleviates rheumatoid arthritis progression by regulating mitophagy via IGFBP5","volume":"17","author":"Liu","year":"2026","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1205","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2018-214783","article-title":"TNF-induced inflammatory genes escape repression in fibroblast-like synoviocytes: transcriptomic and epigenomic analysis","volume":"78","author":"Loh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1002\/art.42674","article-title":"Role and therapeutic potential for targeting fibroblast growth factor 10\/FGFR1 in relapsed rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"76","author":"Meng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2021-222021","article-title":"Synovial fibroblasts as potential drug targets in rheumatoid arthritis, where do we stand and where shall we go?","volume":"81","author":"Nemeth","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2017.161","article-title":"Synovial tissue research: a state-of-the-art review","volume":"13","author":"Orr","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Rheumatol."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103509","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2025.103509","article-title":"GAMG alleviates liver fibrosis through inducing ferroptosis in inflammatory macrophages via the IRF1\/SLC7A11 signaling pathway","volume":"80","author":"Pang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1007\/s00428-007-0558-5","article-title":"Increased expression of monocarboxylate transporters 1, 2, and 4 in colorectal carcinomas","volume":"452","author":"Pinheiro","year":"2008","journal-title":"Virchows Arch."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152382","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2023.152382","article-title":"IL-37 alleviates TNF-alpha-induced pyroptosis of rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes by inhibiting the NF-kappaB\/GSDMD signaling pathway","volume":"228","author":"Ren","year":"2023","journal-title":"Immunobiol."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1136\/ard-2024-225981","article-title":"Systematic literature review and meta-analysis informing the EULAR points to consider on the initiation of targeted therapies in patients with inflammatory arthritis and a history of cancer","volume":"84","author":"Sebbag","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1200","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-023-01527-9","article-title":"Drivers of heterogeneity in synovial fibroblasts in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"24","author":"Smith","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18001","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2018.1","article-title":"Rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"4","author":"Smolen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Prim."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6942","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-61842-7","article-title":"CD142-positive synovial fibroblasts drive meniscus destruction in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"16","author":"Sun","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jot.2023.11.005","article-title":"The IRF1\/GBP5 axis promotes osteoarthritis progression by activating chondrocyte pyroptosis","volume":"44","author":"Tang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Transl."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e66","DOI":"10.1016\/S2665-9913(25)00252-8","article-title":"The relationship between clinical disease activity, synovial inflammatory profile, and treatment response in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"8","author":"Triaille","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet Rheumatol."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-022-00792-3","article-title":"Death by TNF: a road to inflammation","volume":"23","author":"van Loo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13322","article-title":"Negative regulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome by A20 protects against arthritis","volume":"512","author":"Vande Walle","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1624","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-016-0396-1","article-title":"Chronic calcium channel inhibitor verapamil antagonizes TNF-alpha-Mediated inflammatory reaction and protects against inflammatory arthritis in mice","volume":"39","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Inflammation"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131543","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2023.131543","article-title":"BPDE exposure promotes trophoblast cell pyroptosis and induces miscarriage by up-regulating lnc-HZ14\/ZBP1\/NLRP3 axis","volume":"455","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Hazard Mater"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9034","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-64096-5","article-title":"Histone lactylation promotes rheumatoid arthritis progression by increasing NFATc2 expression and the production of anti-lactylated histone autoantibodies","volume":"16","author":"Wu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3920","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-31475-1","article-title":"TGFbeta reprograms TNF stimulation of macrophages towards a non-canonical pathway driving inflammatory osteoclastogenesis","volume":"13","author":"Xia","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e02395","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202502395","article-title":"Calhm6 governs macrophage polarization through Chp1-Camk4-Creb1 axis and ectosomal delivery in inflammatory responses","volume":"13","author":"Xin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Sci. (Weinh)"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1551547","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1551547","article-title":"Elevated levels of IRF1 and CASP1 as pyroptosis-related biomarkers for intestinal epithelial cells in Crohn's disease","volume":"16","author":"Xu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1002\/art.41963","article-title":"Attenuation of rheumatoid arthritis through the inhibition of tumor necrosis factor-induced caspase 3\/Gasdermin E-Mediated pyroptosis","volume":"74","author":"Zhai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tice.2025.103233","article-title":"alpha7nAChR inhibits pyroptosis of rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts via the NLRP3\/GSDMD pathway","volume":"99","author":"Zhang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Tissue Cell"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2922","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.93242","article-title":"Sodium chloride promotes macrophage pyroptosis and aggravates rheumatoid arthritis by activating SGK1 through GABA receptors Slc6a12","volume":"20","author":"Zhang","year":"","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-024-02018-5","article-title":"Renal remodeling by CXCL10-CXCR3 axis-recruited mesenchymal stem cells and subsequent IL4I1 secretion in lupus nephritis","volume":"9","author":"Zhang","year":"","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target Ther."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e179703","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI179703","article-title":"An epigenetic pathway regulates MHC-II expression and function in B cell lymphoma models","volume":"135","author":"Zhang","year":"","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115313","article-title":"Sinomenine hydrochloride alleviates autoimmune myocarditis via suppressing Th1 cell induced-M1 macrophage pyroptosis","volume":"163","author":"Zhang","year":"","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-025-01259-0","article-title":"Fibroblasts in immune responses, inflammatory diseases and therapeutic implications","volume":"21","author":"Zou","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Rheumatol."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fphar.2026.1896639\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T02:29:03Z","timestamp":1785464943000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fphar.2026.1896639\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]]},"references-count":63,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fphar.2026.1896639"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphar.2026.1896639","relation":{},"ISSN":["1663-9812"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1663-9812","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]]},"article-number":"1896639"}}