{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T06:55:20Z","timestamp":1790751320238,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790726400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pharmacol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Age-related cognitive decline is an increasing concern in older adults. While blackcurrants (\n                      <jats:italic>Ribes nigrum<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) have shown promise in improving cognitive outcomes in younger adults, their efficacy in supporting cognitive function in older adults is largely unexplored.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded crossover study of healthy older adults (62 \u00b1 1 years), 26 of the 30 participants enrolled completed the study per protocol. Participants consumed either a placebo or a flavonoid-rich blackcurrant formula (BCF, 7.8\u00a0mg anthocyanins\/kg body weight freeze-dried blackcurrant, 200\u00a0mg\u00a0L-theanine, and 100\u00a0mg pine bark extract) in a beverage format daily for 4\u00a0weeks, with interventions separated by a two-week washout period. For each intervention, cognitive and mood outcomes were assessed following a single dose (acute) and after 4\u00a0weeks\u2019 supplementation. Platelet MAO-B activity, circulating neurotransmitter concentrations, and anthocyanin, L-theanine and sarmentosin bioavailability were measured from venous blood samples drawn at baseline, 1 h, 2.4 h and 4\u00a0wk after intervention supplementation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A significant reduction in Rapid Visual Information Processing (RVIP) false alarms (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.022) and a strong trend in reduced mental fatigue (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.046,\n                      <jats:italic>q<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.067) were measured following 4\u00a0weeks of BCF supplementation. Reduction in biomarkers of MAO activity were measured following acute supplementation with BCF, but not placebo, with significant treatment \u00d7 time interactions (\n                      <jats:italic>q<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;lt; 0.01) for platelet MAO-B activity, plasma 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid and 3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine concentrations. These changes corresponded with significant reductions (\n                      <jats:italic>q<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;lt; 0.05) in circulating neurotransmitter metabolites xanthurenic acid, 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol and vanillylmandelic acid.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Findings from this study indicate that 4\u00a0weeks of BCF supplementation sustained attention in healthy older adults, extending evidence for BCF-related cognitive benefits across both younger and older populations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical Trial Registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:ext-link>https:\/\/anzctr.org.au\/<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      , identifier: ACTRN12621001590853.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2026.1896655","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T06:00:32Z","timestamp":1790748032000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Four-week supplementation with a blackcurrant formulation enhances cognitive performance, reduces mental fatigue and modulates peripheral monoamine metabolism in older adults: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Dominic","family":"Lomiwes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Health and Consumer Sciences Group, New Zealand Institute for Bioeconomy Science Limited, Palmerston North Campus","place":["Palmerston North, New Zealand"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catrin S.","family":"G\u00fcnther","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biological Chemistry and Bioactives Group, New Zealand Institute for Bioeconomy Science Limited, Ruakura Campus","place":["Hamilton, New Zealand"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander P.","family":"Kanon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health and Consumer Sciences Group, New Zealand Institute for Bioeconomy Science Limited, Palmerston North Campus","place":["Palmerston North, New Zealand"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kim","family":"Lo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health and Consumer Sciences Group, New Zealand Institute for Bioeconomy Science Limited, Mount Albert Campus","place":["Auckland, New Zealand"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Scholey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology, University of Northumbria","place":["Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nayer","family":"Ngametua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health and Consumer Sciences Group, New Zealand Institute for Bioeconomy Science Limited, Palmerston North Campus","place":["Palmerston North, New Zealand"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tania M.","family":"Trower","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biological Chemistry and Bioactives Group, New Zealand Institute for Bioeconomy Science Limited, Ruakura Campus","place":["Hamilton, New Zealand"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edward G.","family":"Walker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health and Consumer Sciences Group, New Zealand Institute for Bioeconomy Science Limited, Mount Albert Campus","place":["Auckland, New Zealand"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dwayne A.","family":"Jensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biological Chemistry and Bioactives Group, New Zealand Institute for Bioeconomy Science Limited, Ruakura Campus","place":["Hamilton, New Zealand"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janine M.","family":"Cooney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biological Chemistry and Bioactives Group, New Zealand Institute for Bioeconomy Science Limited, Ruakura Campus","place":["Hamilton, New Zealand"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.01-08-00876.1981","article-title":"Activity of norepinephrine-containing locus coeruleus neurons in behaving rats anticipates fluctuations in the sleep-waking cycle","volume":"1","author":"Aston-Jones","year":"1981","journal-title":"J. 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