{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T05:55:38Z","timestamp":1790920538981,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790899200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pharmacol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Cymbopogon citratus<\/jats:italic>\n                      (DC.) Stapf is a medicinal plant widely used in traditional medicine in Africa, Asia and Latin America, mainly consumed as aqueous decoctions or infusions to treat fever, colds, cough, gastrointestinal disorders, hypertension, inflammation and anxiety. Despite its extensive traditional use, information on the genotoxic and oxidative effects of its individual chemical fractions remains limited.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The DNA strand breaks and oxidative effects of the aqueous, butanolic and essential oil fractions obtained from the aqueous extract of\n                      <jats:italic>C. citratus<\/jats:italic>\n                      were evaluated using an ex vivo purified pCMUT plasmid DNA model. Cleavage was analyzed after short- and long-term exposure, and oxidative damage was assessed using formamidopyrimidine-DNA glycosylase (FPG). Phytochemical characterization of the aqueous and butanolic fractions was performed by HPLC\u2013HR-MS\/MS.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>None of the fractions induced plasmid cleavage after 30 min of exposure. However, the aqueous fraction caused significant DNA strand breaks after prolonged incubation. Oxidative DNA damage was detected with the aqueous and essential oil fractions, whereas the butanolic fraction showed no detectable oxidative or breaking effects. Phytochemical analysis revealed qualitative and quantitative differences between fractions, particularly in phenolic acids and flavonoids.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The aqueous fraction of\n                      <jats:italic>C. citratus<\/jats:italic>\n                      exhibits a higher genotoxic and pro-oxidant potential under prolonged exposure, while the butanolic fraction presents a safer profile under the evaluated conditions. These findings highlight the importance of fraction-specific toxicological assessment to support the safe traditional and pharmacological use of\n                      <jats:italic>C. citratus<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2026.1897115","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T05:37:25Z","timestamp":1790919445000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Genotoxic evaluation of chemical fractions of Cymbopogon citratus (DC) Stapf using plasmid assay"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Mayda","family":"Carrasco-Alfonso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Plant Biology Department, Faculty of Biology, University of Havana","place":["La Habana, Cuba"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabiana","family":"Fuentes-Le\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plant Biology Department, Faculty of Biology, University of Havana","place":["La Habana, Cuba"]},{"name":"Direcci\u00f3n de Oncolog\u00eda Experimental y Toxicolog\u00eda, Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n y Desarrollo de Medicamentos (CIDEM)","place":["La Habana, Cuba"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"S\u00e1nchez-Hechavarr\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plant Biology Department, Faculty of Biology, University of Havana","place":["La Habana, Cuba"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plant Biology Department, Faculty of Biology, University of Havana","place":["La Habana, Cuba"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00c1ngel","family":"S\u00e1nchez-Lamar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plant Biology Department, Faculty of Biology, University of Havana","place":["La Habana, Cuba"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Francioso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plant Biology Department, Faculty of Biology, University of Havana","place":["La Habana, Cuba"]},{"name":"Department of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo","place":["Teramo, Italy"]},{"name":"Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry (IPB)","place":["Halle (Saale), Germany"]},{"name":"Instituto Universitario de Bio-Org\u00e1nica Antonio Gonz\u00e1lez, University of La Laguna, San Crist\u00f3bal de La Laguna","place":["Tenerife, Spain"]},{"name":"Institute of Biological Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome","place":["Rome, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2018.02.013","article-title":"Cymbopogon citratus and Cymbopogon giganteus essential oils have cytotoxic effects on tumor cell cultures. 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