{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T06:04:20Z","timestamp":1789452260099,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789430400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pharmacol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although most children require medications only for occasional acute conditions, a significant proportion lives with chronic diseases that necessitate long-term, often multiple treatments, which negatively impact their health and quality of life, and may lead to adverse outcomes. Challenges related to prescribing and formulation further complicate pediatric treatment, underscoring the need for safe and effective innovative strategies. Autacoid Local Injury Antagonism amides (ALIAmides), particularly palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) and Adelmidrol, represent promising therapeutic options. This structured narrative review aims to collect and discuss all available literature on PEA and Adelmidrol use in pediatric patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A search of PubMed, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library identified 17 studies involving a total of 2,530 patients, of whom 1,772 received PEA (oral or topical), and 54 received Adelmidrol. Following a transdiagnostic approach, results were organized by symptom domains rather than by specific diagnoses, to capture potential benefits across multiple conditions and facilitate comparison with previous studies. Data extraction included study design, population characteristics, intervention type and formulation, outcomes assessed, and main findings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Beneficial effects on behavioral, cognitive, motor, and visceral functions, along with improvements in respiratory and dermatological disorders emerged from studies administering oral PEA, mostly in micron-sized formulations. Topical application of both PEA and Adelmidrol also demonstrated benefits on respiratory and skin conditions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Overall, the findings of this review suggest that PEA and Adelmidrol may represent promising, well-tolerated adjunctive strategies for managing pediatric symptoms across various clinical conditions, particularly those that are chronic or require polypharmacy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2026.1900560","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T05:33:42Z","timestamp":1789450422000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["ALIAmides and pediatric health: a structured narrative review"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Vittori","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, ARCO, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Ges\u00f9 IRCCS","place":["Rome, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilaria","family":"Mascilini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, ARCO, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Ges\u00f9 IRCCS","place":["Rome, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Massimiliano","family":"Valeriani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Developmental Neurology Unit, Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children\u2019s Hospital IRCCS","place":["Rome, Italy"]},{"name":"Systems Medicine Department, Tor Vergata University of Rome","place":["Rome, Italy"]},{"name":"Department of Health Science and Technology, Translational Pain Neuroscience and Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, CNAP, Aalborg University","place":["Aalborg, Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Cascella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno","place":["Baronissi, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Di Nardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Department of Pediatric Specialties, Santobono Pausilipon Children\u2019s Hospital","place":["Naples, Italy"]},{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Sapienza University of Rome","place":["Rome, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arianna","family":"Di Stadio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Life Sciences, Health and Health Professions Department, LINK University","place":["Rome, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Domenico","family":"Bove","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuropsychiatry, Psychotherapy and Rehabilitation \u201cCentro Clinico FUSIS\u201d","place":["Caserta, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Ferretti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatrics Unit, Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sense Organs (NESMOS) Department, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, S. Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome","place":["Rome, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Papetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Science and Technology, Translational Pain Neuroscience and Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, CNAP, Aalborg University","place":["Aalborg, Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisa","family":"Francia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, ARCO, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Ges\u00f9 IRCCS","place":["Rome, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.3390\/biom16040530","article-title":"Role of mast cells and neuroinflammation in neuropsychiatric disorders of the developmental period","volume":"16","author":"Aitella","year":"2026","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"C145","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01972748","article-title":"A proposed autacoid mechanism controlling mastocyte behaviour","volume":"39","author":"Aloe","year":"1993","journal-title":"Agents Actions"},{"key":"B3","first-page":"601","article-title":"Sinerga May prevent recurrent respiratory infections in allergic children","volume":"33","author":"Ameli","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Biol. Regul. Homeost. Agents"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/325061","article-title":"Beneficial effects of palmitoylethanolamide on expressive language, cognition, and behaviors in autism: a report of two cases","volume":"2015","author":"Antonucci","year":"2015","journal-title":"Case Rep. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/s41073-019-0064-8","article-title":"SANRA\u2014a scale for the quality assessment of narrative review articles","volume":"4","author":"Baethge","year":"2019","journal-title":"Res. Integr. Peer Rev."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.7555\/jbr.38.20240053","article-title":"Palmitoylethanolamide, an endogenous fatty acid amide, and its pleiotropic health benefits: a narrative review","volume":"39","author":"Basu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Res."},{"key":"B7","first-page":"1274","article-title":"Drug therapy problems in pediatrics","volume":"10","author":"Bereda","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann. Pediatr. Child. Health"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.12648","article-title":"Beneficial effects of Co-Ultramicronized palmitoylethanolamide\/luteolin in a mouse model of autism and in a case report of autism","volume":"23","author":"Bertolino","year":"2017","journal-title":"CNS Neurosci. Ther."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106072","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2023.106072","article-title":"The putative role of neuroinflammation in the complex pathophysiology of migraine: from bench to bedside","volume":"180","author":"Biscetti","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100927","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2024.100927","article-title":"Palmitoylethanolamide supplementation for human health: a state-of-the-art systematic review of randomized controlled trials in patient populations","volume":"43","author":"Bortoletto","year":"2025","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun. Health"},{"key":"B11","first-page":"46","article-title":"Supplementazione con palmitoiletanolamide ultramicronizzata (PEA-um) in bambini con disturbo dello spettro autistico. Osservazioni preliminari","volume":"44","author":"Bove","year":"2024","journal-title":"G. Neuropsichiatr. DELL\u2019ET\u00c0 Evol."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1747","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10111747","article-title":"Satiety factors oleoylethanolamide, stearoylethanolamide, and palmitoylethanolamide in mother\u2019s milk are strongly associated with infant weight at four months of age\u2014Data from the odense child cohort","volume":"10","author":"Bruun","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.29011\/2575-8241.001346","article-title":"Adelmidrol protects hyaluronic acid against oxidative degradation and improves the outcome in patients with adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder managed by physical therapy. in vitro evidence and two case reports","volume":"9","author":"Cavallaro","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Res. Ther."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1118874","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2023.1118874","article-title":"Non-pharmacologic approaches to treatment of pediatric functional abdominal pain disorders","volume":"11","author":"Chakraborty","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Pediatr."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.13191","article-title":"Mast cell ontogeny: from fetal development to life-long health and disease","volume":"315","author":"Chia","year":"2023","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5716","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201800107R","article-title":"Bioactive lipids ALIAmides differentially modulate inflammatory responses of distinct subsets of primary human T lymphocytes","volume":"32","author":"Chiurchi\u00f9","year":"2018","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5305","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22105305","article-title":"Palmitoylethanolamide: a natural compound for health management","volume":"22","author":"Clayton","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B18","first-page":"744","article-title":"Nutrition as a conditioning factor in the rheumatic state","volume":"65","author":"Coburn","year":"1943","journal-title":"Am. J. Dis. Child."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11861","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms262411861","article-title":"Microglial activation in nociplastic pain: from preclinical models to PET neuroimaging and implications for targeted therapeutic strategies","volume":"26","author":"Coluzzi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.23736\/S0393-3660.17.03564-1","article-title":"Co-ultramicronized palmitoylethanolamide\/luteolin treatment as add-on to intensive neuro-rehabilitation in a young patient with traumatic brain injury","volume":"177","author":"De Palma","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gazzetta Medica Ital. Arch. Sci. Mediche"},{"key":"B21","first-page":"208","article-title":"Use of a Palmitoylethanolamide- containing nonsteroidal cream for treating atopic dermatitis: impact on the duration of response and time between flares","volume":"20","author":"Del Rosso","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cosmet. Dermatol."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3075","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-025-09375-z","article-title":"Adelmidrol to fight upper airways inflammation in children: a pilot case control study to safety and efficacy","volume":"282","author":"Della Volpe","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur. Archives Oto-Rhino-Laryngology"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1177\/1091581820986073","article-title":"Palmitoylethanolamide: prenatal developmental toxicity study in rats","volume":"40","author":"Deshmukh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Toxicol."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1186\/s13052-024-01607-y","article-title":"Italian guidelines for the management of irritable bowel syndrome in children and adolescents: Joint consensus from the Italian societies of: gastroenterology, hepatology and pediatric nutrition (SIGENP), pediatrics (SIP), gastroenterology and endoscopy (SIGE) and neurogastroenterology and motility (SINGEM)","volume":"50","author":"Di Nardo","year":"","journal-title":"Ital. J. Pediatr."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112397","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2024.112397","article-title":"Palmitoylethanolamide and polydatin in pediatric irritable bowel syndrome: a multicentric randomized controlled trial","volume":"122","author":"Di Nardo","year":"","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1271","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines13061271","article-title":"Palmitoylethanolamide: a multifunctional molecule for neuroprotection, chronic pain, and immune modulation","volume":"13","author":"Di Stefano","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1213320","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2023.1213320","article-title":"Mast cell-mediated immune regulation in health and disease","volume":"10","author":"Dileepan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Med. (Lausanne)."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5330","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21155330","article-title":"Aliamides update: palmitoylethanolamide and its formulations on management of peripheral neuropathic pain","volume":"21","author":"D\u2019amico","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2007.02351.x","article-title":"Adjuvant treatment of atopic eczema: assessment of an emollient containing N-palmitoylethanolamine (ATOPA study)","volume":"22","author":"Eberlein","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Eur. Acad. Dermatology Venereol."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.5863\/1551-6776-27.6.537","article-title":"Chronic medication use and factors associated with polypharmacy among outpatient pediatric patients","volume":"27","author":"Ewig","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"nzz018","DOI":"10.1093\/cdn\/nzz018","article-title":"Endocannabinoid metabolome characterization of milk from Guatemalan women living in the Western highlands","volume":"3","author":"Gait\u00e1n","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Dev. Nutr."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci7020078","article-title":"Palmitoylethanolamide and related ALIAmides: prohomeostatic lipid compounds for animal health and wellbeing","volume":"7","author":"Gugliandolo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vet. Sci."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2017.05.001","article-title":"Mast cells in neuroinflammation and brain disorders","volume":"79","author":"Hendriksen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2018.00145","article-title":"Palmitoylethanolamide ameliorates hippocampal damage and behavioral dysfunction after perinatal asphyxia in the immature rat brain","volume":"12","author":"Herrera","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"953157","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2022.953157","article-title":"Palmitoylethanolamide attenuates neurodevelopmental delay and early hippocampal damage following perinatal asphyxia in rats","volume":"16","author":"Herrera","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Behav. Neurosci."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0043-1771467","article-title":"The interface between inflammatory bowel disease, neuroinflammation, and neurological disorders","volume":"43","author":"Hey","year":"2023","journal-title":"Semin. Neurol."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2929","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-018-4982-9","article-title":"Palmitoylethanolamide prevents neuroinflammation, reduces astrogliosis and preserves recognition and spatial memory following induction of neonatal anoxia-ischemia","volume":"235","author":"Holubiec","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychopharmacol. Berl."},{"key":"B38","first-page":"465","article-title":"Effectiveness of vaginal adelmidrol for treating pelvic visceral discomforts and anxiety: a prospective observational study","volume":"65","author":"Indraccolo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Minerva Ginecol."},{"key":"B39","unstructured":"Checklist for case reports\n          \n          \n          2026"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4337","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.15456","article-title":"Paediatric oral formulations: why don\u2019t our kids have the medicines they need?","volume":"88","author":"Ju\u00e1rez-Hern\u00e1ndez","year":"2022","journal-title":"Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1768","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27041768","article-title":"Gut\u2013brain inflammation and disrupted homeostasis due to activation of mast cells and microglia","volume":"27","author":"Katiraei","year":"2026","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2018.04.022","article-title":"Palmitoylethanolamide as adjunctive therapy for autism: efficacy and safety results from a randomized controlled trial","volume":"103","author":"Khalaj","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101465","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jped.2025.101465","article-title":"Dietary and nutritional interventions in the treatment of childhood neuropsychiatric disorders: evidence and myths","volume":"102","author":"Kostenko","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Rio. J."},{"key":"B44","first-page":"s1","article-title":"Palmitoylethanolamide ultramicronized in pediatric patients after limb elongation surgery. Abstract from adv health res","author":"Kotzeva","year":"2025"},{"key":"B45","first-page":"44","article-title":"Utilizzo di ovuli vaginali a base di Adelmidrol nel trattamento dell\u2019atrofia vaginale di varia eziologia","volume":"42","author":"Kurti","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pelviperioneologia"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-2236(96)10058-8","article-title":"Nerve growth factor: from neurotrophin to neurokine","volume":"19","author":"Levi-Montalcini","year":"1996","journal-title":"Trends Neurosciences"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.3390\/children12080967","article-title":"Chronic disease in pediatric population\u2014A narrative review of psychosocial dimensions and strategies for management","volume":"12","author":"Mastorci","year":"2025","journal-title":"Children"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.1411","article-title":"Risk-of-Bias VISualization (robvis): an R package and shiny web app for visualizing risk-of-bias assessments","volume":"12","author":"McGuinness","year":"2021","journal-title":"Res. Synth. Methods"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.2174\/1570159x21666221128091453","article-title":"Ultramicronized N-palmitoylethanolamine contributes to morphine efficacy against neuropathic pain: implication of mast cells and glia","volume":"22","author":"Micheli","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr. Neuropharmacol."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1687","DOI":"10.1111\/all.15997","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis on nutritional and dietary interventions for the treatment of acute respiratory infection in pediatric patients: an EAACI taskforce","volume":"79","author":"Milani","year":"2024","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.2147\/JIR.S174982","article-title":"The role of inflammation in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)","volume":"11","author":"Ng","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Inflamm. Res."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1177\/039463201402700318","article-title":"Retrospective observational study to investigate sinerga, a multifactorial nutritional product, and bacterial extracts in the prevention of recurrent respiratory infections in children","volume":"27","author":"Nigro","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Immunopathol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108649","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2024.108649","article-title":"Ultramicronized N-palmitoylethanolamine associated with analgesics: effects against persistent pain","volume":"258","author":"Nobili","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1007\/s11916-018-0692-6","article-title":"The evidence for the role of nutraceuticals in the management of pediatric migraine: a review","volume":"22","author":"Orr","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Pain Headache Rep."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118611","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2025.118611","article-title":"Targeting metabolic syndrome with ALIAmides: a novel multi-mechanistic approach","volume":"192","author":"Palenca","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3938640","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/3938640","article-title":"Tolerability of palmitoylethanolamide in a pediatric population suffering from migraine: a pilot study","volume":"2020","author":"Papetti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pain Res. Manag."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.3390\/children11020249","article-title":"Lactoferrin in the prevention of recurrent respiratory infections in preschool children: a prospective randomized study","volume":"11","author":"Pasinato","year":"2024","journal-title":"Children"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1349","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.v174.11\/issuetoc","article-title":"The pharmacology of palmitoylethanolamide and first data on the the rapeutic efficacy of some of its new formulations","volume":"174","author":"Petrosino","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9526","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21249526","article-title":"Palmitoylethanolamide: a nutritional approach to keep neuroinflammation within physiological boundaries. A systematic review","volume":"21","author":"Petrosino","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B60","first-page":"365","article-title":"Impulsin in the prevention of acute respiratory diseases in school children","volume":"32","author":"Plesn\u00edk","year":"1977","journal-title":"Cesk. Pediatr."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2723","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2024.11.016","article-title":"Beyond classical immunity: mast cells as signal converters between tissues and neurons","volume":"57","author":"Plum","year":"2024","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1089\/can.2018.0013","article-title":"Oleoylethanolamide and palmitoylethanolamide protect cultured cortical neurons against hypoxia","volume":"3","author":"Portavella","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cannabis Cannabinoid Res."},{"key":"B63","first-page":"80","article-title":"Topical adelmidrol 2% emulsion, a novel aliamide, in the treatment of mild atopic dermatitis in pediatric subjects: a pilot study","volume":"15","author":"Pulvirenti","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acta Dermatovenerol. Croat."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2015.00339","article-title":"Exposure to a highly caloric palatable diet during pregestational and gestational periods affects hypothalamic and hippocampal endocannabinoid levels at birth and induces adiposity and anxiety-like behaviors in Male rat offspring","volume":"9","author":"Ram\u00edrez-L\u00f3pez","year":"","journal-title":"Front. Behav. Neurosci."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2016.00208","article-title":"Maternal caloric restriction implemented during the preconceptional and pregnancy period alters hypothalamic and hippocampal endocannabinoid levels at birth and induces overweight and increased adiposity at adulthood in Male rat offspring","volume":"10","author":"Ram\u00edrez-L\u00f3pez","year":"","journal-title":"Front. Behav. Neurosci."},{"key":"B66","first-page":"876","article-title":"Non-specific increase of resistance to respiratory infections induced by a simple lipid","volume":"26","author":"Raskov\u00e1","year":"1974","journal-title":"Cienc. Cult."},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.20524\/aog.2019.0378","article-title":"The role of mast cells in pediatric gastrointestinal disease","volume":"32","author":"Ravanbakhsh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-017-2896-7","article-title":"The use of nutraceutics in children\u2018s and adolescent\u2019s headache","volume":"38","author":"Sangermani","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100337","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xocr.2021.100337","article-title":"Tympanic membrane perforation treated with adelmidrol and Trans-traumatic acid: two case reports","volume":"21","author":"Scavone","year":"2021","journal-title":"Otolaryngol. Case Rep."},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"i4919","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.i4919","article-title":"ROBINS-I: a tool for assessing risk of bias in non-randomised studies of interventions","volume":"355","author":"Sterne","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"l4898","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l4898","article-title":"RoB 2: a revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials","volume":"366","author":"Sterne","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1177\/07067437241248070","article-title":"The role of dietary patterns and nutritional supplements in the management of mental disorders in children and adolescents: an umbrella review of meta-analyses","volume":"69","author":"Talib","year":"2024","journal-title":"Can. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1007\/s40474-018-0150-5","article-title":"Dietary and micronutrient treatments for children with neurodevelopment disorders","volume":"5","author":"Taylor","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Dev. Disord. Rep."},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.7547\/20-143","article-title":"Effect of a topical gel based on adelmidrol + trans-traumatic acid in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers: an open-label study","volume":"112","author":"Teobaldi","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Am. Podiatr. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.3390\/biom13020233","article-title":"Ultramicronized N-Palmitoylethanolamine regulates mast cell-astrocyte crosstalk: a new potential mechanism underlying the inhibition of morphine tolerance","volume":"13","author":"Toti","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"B76","first-page":"s1","article-title":"Ultra-micronized palmitoylethanolamide in the management of severe headache: the complex case of a 13-year-old girl with multiple neurodevelopmental disorders. Abstract from adv health res","author":"Turrini","year":"2025"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-025-03388-2","article-title":"Crosstalk between airway epithelial cells and mast cells in airway inflammation","volume":"26","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Respir. Res."},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10010138","article-title":"Complementary and integrative medicines as prophylactic agents for pediatric migraine: a narrative literature review","volume":"10","author":"Yamanaka","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1508613","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2025.1508613","article-title":"Advancements related to probiotics for preventing and treating recurrent respiratory tract infections in children","volume":"13","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Pediatr."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fphar.2026.1900560\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T05:33:46Z","timestamp":1789450426000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fphar.2026.1900560\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]]},"references-count":79,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fphar.2026.1900560"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphar.2026.1900560","relation":{},"ISSN":["1663-9812"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1663-9812","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]]},"article-number":"1900560"}}