{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T16:21:18Z","timestamp":1788452478700,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788393600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pharmacol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Semaglutide is prescribed in conjunction with diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). However, its potential impact on tumorigenesis has prompted considerable debate.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The meta-analysis was conducted in accordance with PRISMA 2020 guidelines. We searched Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, and ScienceDirect for eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs). The outcome was the risk of overall, benign and malignant neoplasms. The pooled results were expressed as odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI). Influential publication was determined by performing the sensitivity analysis. Publication bias was assessed using the funnel plot, Begg\u2019s and Egger\u2019s tests.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Nineteen RCTs conducted between 2016 and 2025 were included, enrolling of 38,160 patients with T2DM. The interventions involved subcutaneous semaglutide and oral semaglutide, with treatment durations ranging from 26 to 156\u00a0weeks. Fixed-effects meta-analysis revealed that semaglutide use was associated with an increased risk of overall neoplasms (OR = 1.19, 95% CI = 1.07 to 1.32,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.001) and benign neoplasms (OR = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.02 to 1.61,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.032), but showed no significant association with malignant neoplasms (OR = 1.12, 95% CI = 1.00 to 1.26,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.054). No influential publications or significant publication bias were detected.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Semaglutide use in patients with T2DM is associated with a modestly increased risk of overall and benign neoplasms, but not malignant neoplasms. These findings highlight the importance of maintaining clinical awareness regarding potential neoplastic risks, and further long-term RCTs are warranted to clarify their clinical significance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Systematic Review Registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:ext-link>https:\/\/www.crd.york.ac.uk\/PROSPERO\/view\/CRD420261354386<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      , Identifier CRD420261354386.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2026.1916932","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T15:47:36Z","timestamp":1788450456000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Risk of neoplasms with semaglutide in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Yuanyuan","family":"Zhong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, The Third People\u2019s Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dali University","place":["Kunming, Yunnan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xing","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, The Third People\u2019s Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dali University","place":["Kunming, Yunnan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ling","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, The Third People\u2019s Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dali University","place":["Kunming, Yunnan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cangui","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Breast Oncology, Jieyang People\u2019s Hospital","place":["Jieyang, Guangdong, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e65600","DOI":"10.5812\/ijem.65600","article-title":"Insulin monotherapy versus insulin combined with other glucose-lowering agents in type 2 diabetes: a narrative review","volume":"16","author":"Abdi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers18020179","article-title":"Glucagon-like Peptide-1 receptor agonist use and pancreatic cancer risk in patients with chronic pancreatitis","volume":"18","author":"Ailawadi","year":"2026","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)01127-3","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of once-daily oral semaglutide 25 mg and 50 mg compared with 14 mg in adults with type 2 diabetes (PIONEER PLUS): a multicentre, randomised, phase 3b trial","volume":"402","author":"Aroda","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1385","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.14990","article-title":"Safety and tolerability of semaglutide across the SUSTAIN and PIONEER phase IIIa clinical trial programmes","volume":"25","author":"Aroda","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diabetes, Obes. Metabolism"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-1241.2010.02544.x","article-title":"Patient adherence to medication requirements for therapy of type 2 diabetes","volume":"65","author":"Bailey","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1473","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2009-1272","article-title":"Glucagon-like Peptide-1 receptor agonists activate rodent thyroid C-cells causing calcitonin release and C-cell proliferation","volume":"151","author":"Bjerre Knudsen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17376","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-73668-y","article-title":"A national observation study of cancer incidence and mortality risks in type 2 diabetes compared to the background population over time","volume":"10","author":"Bjornsdottir","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.124.8.1089","article-title":"The course of glaucoma during pregnancy: a retrospective case series","volume":"124","author":"Brauner","year":"2006","journal-title":"Archives Ophthalmol."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1080\/00325481.2021.1971461","article-title":"Primary care management of type 2 diabetes: a comparison of the efficacy and safety of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors","volume":"133","author":"Campos","year":"2021","journal-title":"Postgrad. Med."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-019-02055-z","article-title":"GLP-1 receptor agonists and risk of cancer in type 2 diabetes: an updated meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"66","author":"Cao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.2147\/CPAA.S82008","article-title":"The treatment of type 2 diabetes in the presence of renal impairment: what we should know about newer therapies","volume":"8","author":"Davies","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2669","DOI":"10.2337\/dci18-0033","article-title":"Management of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes, 2018. A consensus report by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of diabetes (EASD)","volume":"41","author":"Davies","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00213-0","article-title":"Semaglutide 2\u00b74 mg once a week in adults with overweight or obesity, and type 2 diabetes (STEP 2): a randomised, double-blind, double-dummy, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial","volume":"397","author":"Davies","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2502082","article-title":"Cagrilintide-semaglutide in adults with overweight or obesity and type 2 diabetes","volume":"393","author":"Davies","year":"2025","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2004.03.002","article-title":"Latanoprost exposure in pregnancy","volume":"138","author":"De Santis","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2002.31068","article-title":"Biological actions and therapeutic potential of the glucagon-like peptides","volume":"122","author":"Drucker","year":"2002","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2011.02.018","article-title":"Pancreatitis, pancreatic, and thyroid cancer with glucagon-like peptide-1-based therapies","volume":"141","author":"Elashoff","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2024.107401","article-title":"Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and risk of gastrointestinal cancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"208","author":"Figlioli","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1297","DOI":"10.1007\/s13300-019-0630-6","article-title":"Management of patients with type 2 diabetes with once-weekly semaglutide versus dulaglutide, exenatide ER, liraglutide and lixisenatide: a cost-effectiveness analysis in the Danish setting","volume":"10","author":"Gaede","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetes Ther."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S279","DOI":"10.2337\/dc11-s231","article-title":"Long-acting glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists: a review of their efficacy and tolerability","volume":"34","author":"Garber","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1390","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2020-316198","article-title":"Intraocular pressure-lowering medications during pregnancy and risk of neonatal adverse outcomes: a propensity score analysis using a large database","volume":"105","author":"Hashimoto","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1283","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2008.157123","article-title":"Antiglaucoma medications during pregnancy and the risk of low birth weight: a population-based study","volume":"93","author":"Ho","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1901118","article-title":"Oral semaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"381","author":"Husain","year":"2019","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.14232","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of once-weekly semaglutide versus once-daily sitagliptin as add-on to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes in SUSTAIN China: a 30-week, double-blind, phase 3a, randomized trial","volume":"23","author":"Ji","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetes, Obes. Metabolism"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e722","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001040","article-title":"Comprehensive management of cardiovascular risk factors for adults with type 2 diabetes: a scientific statement from the American heart Association","volume":"145","author":"Joseph","year":"2022","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1206","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2025.3599","article-title":"Oral semaglutide in an East Asian population with overweight or obesity, with or without type 2 diabetes: the OASIS 2 randomized clinical trial","volume":"185","author":"Kadowaki","year":"2025","journal-title":"JAMA Intern. Med."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1177\/11206721231199774","article-title":"Pregnancy outcomes in the medical management of glaucoma: an international multicenter descriptive survey","volume":"34","author":"Kaufman","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1007\/s13300-023-01515-0","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of once-weekly semaglutide versus once-daily sitagliptin as metformin add-on in a Korean population with type 2 diabetes","volume":"15","author":"Lee","year":"2024","journal-title":"Diabetes Ther."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(25)00225-6","article-title":"Once-weekly semaglutide 7.2 mg in adults with obesity and type 2 diabetes (STEP UP T2D): a randomised, controlled, phase 3b trial","volume":"13","author":"Lingvay","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1431292","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2024.1431292","article-title":"Mechanisms of action and therapeutic applications of GLP-1 and dual GIP\/GLP-1 receptor agonists","volume":"15","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol. (Lausanne)"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1534365","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/1534365","article-title":"Risk of malignant Neoplasia with glucagon-like Peptide-1 receptor agonist treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis","volume":"2019","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Diabetes Res."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1096","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehae613","article-title":"Cardiovascular outcomes with semaglutide by severity of chronic kidney disease in type 2 diabetes: the FLOW trial","volume":"46","author":"Mahaffey","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1834","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1607141","article-title":"Semaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"375","author":"Marso","year":"2016","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2001","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2501006","article-title":"Oral semaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in high-risk type 2 diabetes","volume":"392","author":"McGuire","year":"2025","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1629","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S36712","article-title":"Topical intraocular pressure therapy effects on pregnancy","volume":"6","author":"Mendez-Hernandez","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(19)30192-5","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of oral semaglutide in patients with type 2 diabetes and moderate renal impairment (PIONEER 5): a placebo-controlled, randomised, phase 3a trial","volume":"7","author":"Mosenzon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes and Endocrinol."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(23)00388-1","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of once weekly semaglutide 2\u00b74 mg for weight management in a predominantly East Asian population with overweight or obesity (STEP 7): a double-blind, multicentre, randomised controlled trial","volume":"12","author":"Mu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes and Endocrinol."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2165","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.2165","article-title":"The Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool 2 (RoB 2) versus the original RoB: a perspective on the pros and cons","volume":"7","author":"Nejadghaderi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Health Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1003583","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003583","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"18","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS Med."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2403347","article-title":"Effects of semaglutide on chronic kidney disease in patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"391","author":"Perkovic","year":"2024","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(18)30024-X","article-title":"Semaglutide versus dulaglutide once weekly in patients with type 2 diabetes (SUSTAIN 7): a randomised, open-label, phase 3b trial","volume":"6","author":"Pratley","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes and Endocrinol."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)31271-1","article-title":"Oral semaglutide versus subcutaneous liraglutide and placebo in type 2 diabetes (PIONEER 4): a randomised, double-blind, phase 3a trial","volume":"394","author":"Pratley","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1444-0938.2010.00526.x","article-title":"Anti-glaucoma medication exposure in pregnancy: an observational study and literature review","volume":"93","author":"Razeghinejad","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Optometry"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2291","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2018-00070","article-title":"Semaglutide added to basal insulin in type 2 diabetes (SUSTAIN 5): a randomized, controlled trial","volume":"103","author":"Rodbard","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metabol."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1414","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.3224","article-title":"Effect of continued weekly subcutaneous semaglutide vs placebo on weight loss maintenance in adults with overweight or obesity: the STEP 4 randomized clinical trial","volume":"325","author":"Rubino","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0000000000001196","article-title":"Weight-lowering effects of glucagon-like Peptide-1 receptor agonists and detection of breast cancer among Obese women with diabetes","volume":"31","author":"Santella","year":"2020","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2007","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-023-05972-x","article-title":"Potential preventive properties of GLP-1 receptor agonists against prostate cancer: a nationwide cohort study","volume":"66","author":"Skriver","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(17)30013-X","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of once-weekly semaglutide monotherapy versus placebo in patients with type 2 diabetes (SUSTAIN 1): a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, multinational, multicentre phase 3a trial","volume":"5","author":"Sorli","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"l4898","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l4898","article-title":"RoB 2: a revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials","volume":"366","author":"Sterne","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2008","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.283.15.2008","article-title":"Meta-analysis of observational studies in epidemiology: a proposal for reporting. Meta-analysis of observational studies in epidemiology (MOOSE) group","volume":"283","author":"Stroup","year":"2000","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2021.109119","article-title":"IDF diabetes Atlas: global, regional and country-level diabetes prevalence estimates for 2021 and projections for 2045","volume":"183","author":"Sun","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2881","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v28.i25.2881","article-title":"Incretin based therapy and pancreatic cancer: realising the reality","volume":"28","author":"Suryadevara","year":"2022","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2021.10601","article-title":"Future perspectives in diabesity treatment: semaglutide, a glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist (review)","volume":"22","author":"Tilinca","year":"2021","journal-title":"Exp. Ther. Med."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2291","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.13331","article-title":"Semaglutide as a therapeutic option for elderly patients with type 2 diabetes: pooled analysis of the SUSTAIN 1-5 trials","volume":"20","author":"Warren","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetes, Obes. Metabolism"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(20)30075-9","article-title":"Dose-response, efficacy, and safety of oral semaglutide monotherapy in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes (PIONEER 9): a 52-week, phase 2\/3a, randomised, controlled trial","volume":"8","author":"Yamada","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes and Endocrinol."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"925377","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.925377","article-title":"GLP-1 receptor agonist-associated tumor adverse events: a real-world study from 2004 to 2021 based on FAERS","volume":"13","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e22660","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000022660","article-title":"Effects of dapagliflozin on cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes: study protocol of a randomized controlled trial","volume":"99","author":"Yin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med. (Baltimore)"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2262","DOI":"10.2337\/dc19-0898","article-title":"Efficacy, safety, and tolerability of oral semaglutide versus placebo added to insulin with or without metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes: the PioNEER 8 trial","volume":"42","author":"Zinman","year":"","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(19)30066-X","article-title":"Semaglutide once weekly as add-on to SGLT-2 inhibitor therapy in type 2 diabetes (SUSTAIN 9): a randomised, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"7","author":"Zinman","year":"","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes and Endocrinol."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fphar.2026.1916932\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T15:47:37Z","timestamp":1788450457000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fphar.2026.1916932\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]]},"references-count":59,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fphar.2026.1916932"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphar.2026.1916932","relation":{},"ISSN":["1663-9812"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1663-9812","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]]},"article-number":"1916932"}}