{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T13:16:59Z","timestamp":1788268619369,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":91,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016804","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shenzhen Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JCYJ20240813145310014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JCYJ20240813145310014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016804","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016804","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shenzhen Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JCJY20220530154005013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JCJY20220530154005013"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016804","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82205108"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82205108"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pharmacol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cancer continues to pose a significant risk to women\u2019s health globally, as its progression and treatment resistance arise from an intricate interplay between metabolic reprogramming, immunological evasion, and the tumor microbiome. Augmented glycolysis has emerged as a pivotal element in cancer pathogenesis, altering the tumor microenvironment via the buildup of immune-regulated metabolites that directly influence the activation of the cGAS-STING pathway. This pathway is regarded as a significant modulator of cancer immunity, but new studies indicate that its persistent activation generally results in an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment instead of robust antitumor immunity. Developments in multi-omics technology have revealed the therapeutic importance of the tumor microbiome, and thus, we focus on recent advancements in tumor microbiota that modify glycolytic pathways to influence the cGAS-STING signaling threshold, thereby impacting cancer immunotherapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2026.1931829","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T12:33:07Z","timestamp":1788265987000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Microbiota-driven metabolic\u2013immune crosstalk in breast cancer"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Jie","family":"Guan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University","place":["Shenzhen, Guangdong, China"]},{"name":"School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University","place":["Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Surgery, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences","place":["Jinan, Shandong, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University","place":["Shenzhen, Guangdong, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinnan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University","place":["Shenzhen, Guangdong, China"]},{"name":"School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University","place":["Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuyi","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University","place":["Shenzhen, Guangdong, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qingquan","family":"Xiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University","place":["Shenzhen, Guangdong, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiaan","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University","place":["Shenzhen, Guangdong, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yun","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University","place":["Shenzhen, Guangdong, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guang-Hui","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University","place":["Shenzhen, Guangdong, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University","place":["Shenzhen, Guangdong, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1159\/000525413","article-title":"A systematic review for evaluation of specialized programs for addressing young women with breast cancer problems","volume":"45","author":"Abedian Kasgri","year":"2022","journal-title":"Oncol. Res. Treat."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1007\/s00109-016-1423-2","article-title":"The role of cGAS in innate immunity and beyond","volume":"94","author":"Ablasser","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Mol. Med. Berl."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101880","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xcrm.2024.101880","article-title":"Endocrine-targeting therapies shift the breast microbiome to reduce estrogen receptor-\u03b1 breast cancer risk","volume":"6","author":"Arnone","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell Rep. Med."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1016\/s0969-8051(02)00288-3","article-title":"Expression of hexokinase II and Glut-1 in untreated human breast cancer","volume":"29","author":"Brown","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nucl. Med. Biol."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"719644","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.719644","article-title":"cGAS-STING signaling pathway and liver disease: from basic research to clinical practice","volume":"12","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1232390","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1232390","article-title":"Identification of subclusters and prognostic genes based on glycolysis\/gluconeogenesis in hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"14","author":"Chen","year":"","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1782","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2023.07.009","article-title":"NSUN2 is a glucose sensor suppressing cGAS\/STING to maintain tumorigenesis and immunotherapy resistance","volume":"35","author":"Chen","year":"","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2023.04.017","article-title":"Cancer-cell-derived fumarate suppresses the anti-tumor capacity of CD8(+) T cells in the tumor microenvironment","volume":"35","author":"Cheng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111256","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2022.111256","article-title":"Fasting renders immunotherapy effective against low-immunogenic breast cancer while reducing side effects","volume":"40","author":"Cortellino","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25010456","article-title":"The role of the toll-like receptor 2 and the cGAS-STING pathways in breast cancer: friends or foes?","volume":"25","author":"Cossu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9332","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.47137","article-title":"USP7 targeting modulates anti-tumor immune response by reprogramming Tumor-associated macrophages in lung cancer","volume":"10","author":"Dai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2016.06.005","article-title":"Fasting-mimicking diet reduces HO-1 to promote T cell-mediated tumor cytotoxicity","volume":"30","author":"Di Biase","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1038\/s41556-025-01627-8","article-title":"ADSL-generated fumarate binds and inhibits STING to promote tumour immune evasion","volume":"27","author":"Duan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Cell Biol."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2012.08.012","article-title":"Galloflavin, a new lactate dehydrogenase inhibitor, induces the death of human breast cancer cells with different glycolytic attitude by affecting distinct signaling pathways","volume":"47","author":"Farabegoli","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gendis.2018.05.001","article-title":"Breast cancer development and progression: risk factors, cancer stem cells, signaling pathways, genomics, and molecular pathogenesis","volume":"5","author":"Feng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Genes Dis."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1356","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2022.02.027","article-title":"Tumor-resident intracellular microbiota promotes metastatic colonization in breast cancer","volume":"185","author":"Fu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1186\/s40364-024-00714-6","article-title":"Tumor microenvironment and immunotherapy for triple-negative breast cancer","volume":"12","author":"Guo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomark. Res."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-020-0641-5","article-title":"Tumor cells suppress radiation-induced immunity by hijacking caspase 9 signaling","volume":"21","author":"Han","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2024.06.004","article-title":"Intravenous delivery of STING agonists using acid-sensitive polycationic polymer-modified lipid nanoparticles for enhanced tumor immunotherapy","volume":"15","author":"He","year":"2025","journal-title":"Acta Pharm. Sin. B"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1007\/s11912-023-01361-0","article-title":"The development of STING agonists and emerging results as a cancer immunotherapy","volume":"25","author":"Hines","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr. Oncol. Rep."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2930","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.27673","article-title":"cGAS-STING pathway in oncogenesis and cancer therapeutics","volume":"11","author":"Hoong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.21147\/j.issn.1000-9604.2023.01.04","article-title":"Mn-based cGAS-STING activation for tumor therapy","volume":"35","author":"Huang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chin. J. Cancer Res."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drup.2018.03.001","article-title":"How the Warburg effect supports aggressiveness and drug resistance of cancer cells?","volume":"38","author":"Icard","year":"2018","journal-title":"Drug Resist Updat"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1038\/nrclinonc.2013.124","article-title":"Luminal breast cancer: from biology to treatment","volume":"10","author":"Ignatiadis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eaba9112","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aba9112","article-title":"HIF-1\u03b1 inhibitor PX-478 preserves pancreatic \u03b2 cell function in diabetes","volume":"14","author":"Ilegems","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3887","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1992.tb05481.x","article-title":"Induced expression of PD-1, a novel member of the immunoglobulin gene superfamily, upon programmed cell death","volume":"11","author":"Ishida","year":"1992","journal-title":"Embo J."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07317","article-title":"STING is an endoplasmic reticulum adaptor that facilitates innate immune signalling","volume":"455","author":"Ishikawa","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2022.12784","article-title":"Lactate receptor HCAR1 regulates cell growth, metastasis and maintenance of cancer-specific energy metabolism in breast cancer cells","volume":"26","author":"Jin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1022542","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2022.1022542","article-title":"Updates in combined approaches of radiotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors for the treatment of breast cancer","volume":"12","author":"Jungles","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3837","article-title":"Immune modulation by bacterial outer membrane vesicles","volume":"15","author":"Kaparakis-Liaskos","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1535563","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2025.1535563","article-title":"Sodium butyrate and sodium propionate inhibit breast cancer cell migration and invasion through regulation of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and suppression of MEK\/ERK signaling pathway","volume":"13","author":"Kharazi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2024.03.006","article-title":"A glycolytic metabolite bypasses \u201ctwo-hit\u201d tumor suppression by BRCA2","volume":"187","author":"Kong","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1758","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2021.02.005","article-title":"Zebularine elevates STING expression and enhances cGAMP cancer immunotherapy in mice","volume":"29","author":"Lai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Ther."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2037","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0914433107","article-title":"Inhibition of lactate dehydrogenase A induces oxidative stress and inhibits tumor progression","volume":"107","author":"Le","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20180139","article-title":"The cGAS-cGAMP-STING pathway connects DNA damage to inflammation, senescence, and cancer","volume":"215","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e004006","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2021-004006","article-title":"Hyperbaric oxygen facilitates teniposide-induced cGAS-STING activation to enhance the antitumor efficacy of PD-1 antibody in HCC","volume":"10","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Immunother. Cancer"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1696","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2024.07.011","article-title":"Glycometabolic reprogramming-induced XRCC1 lactylation confers therapeutic resistance in ALDH1A3-overexpressing glioblastoma","volume":"36","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24555","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.5c05148","article-title":"Biomineralized engineered bacterial outer membrane vesicles as cGAS-STING nanoagonists synergize with lactate metabolism modulation to potentiate immunotherapy","volume":"147","author":"Li","year":"","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167559","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2024.167559","article-title":"Overexpression of FBP1 enhances dendritic cell activation and maturation by inhibiting glycolysis and promoting the secretion of IL33 in lung adenocarcinoma","volume":"1871","author":"Li","year":"","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta Mol. Basis Dis."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-025-03301-5","article-title":"Radiotherapy-derived engineered stem cell exosomes improve anti-glioma immunotherapy by promoting the formation of tertiary lymphoid structure and improve the release of type I interferon","volume":"23","author":"Li","year":"","journal-title":"J. Nanobiotechnology"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-026-08174-2","article-title":"The interaction between microbes and cytokines in cancer: unraveling the underlying effects","volume":"24","author":"Li","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Transl. Med."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3818","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.ccr-20-2564","article-title":"Type I IFN activating type I dendritic cells for antitumor immunity","volume":"27","author":"Liang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1002\/ddr.22043","article-title":"Butyrate prevents the migration and invasion, and aerobic glycolysis in gastric cancer via inhibiting Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin\/c-Myc signaling","volume":"84","author":"Liang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Drug Dev. Res."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2024.11.004","article-title":"Early downmodulation of tumor glycolysis predicts response to fasting-mimicking diet in triple-negative breast cancer patients","volume":"37","author":"Ligorio","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-024-02165-x","article-title":"Metabolic reprogramming and therapeutic resistance in primary and metastatic breast cancer","volume":"23","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2402115","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202402115","article-title":"GJB2 promotes HCC progression by activating glycolysis through cytoplasmic translocation and generating a suppressive tumor microenvironment based on single cell RNA sequencing","volume":"11","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Sci. (Weinh)"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41568-025-00894-9","article-title":"Opportunities and challenges of targeting cGAS-STING in cancer","author":"Lu","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cancer"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2012.06.010","article-title":"Emerging roles of PKM2 in cell metabolism and cancer progression","volume":"23","author":"Luo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4638","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27144638","article-title":"Activation of stimulation of interferon genes (STING) signal and cancer immunotherapy","volume":"27","author":"Luo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E719","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1400336111","article-title":"Functional architecture of MFS D-glucose transporters","volume":"111","author":"Madej","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aay9189","article-title":"The human tumor microbiome is composed of tumor type-specific intracellular bacteria","volume":"368","author":"Nejman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e005151","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2022-005151","article-title":"T cell-intrinsic STING signaling promotes regulatory T cell induction and immunosuppression by upregulating FOXP3 transcription in cervical cancer","volume":"10","author":"Ni","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Immunother. Cancer"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1038\/s44319-024-00354-9","article-title":"Nuclear PD-L1 triggers tumour-associated inflammation upon DNA damage","volume":"26","author":"Nihira","year":"2025","journal-title":"EMBO Rep."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2589","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.109803","article-title":"Targeting glycolysis for treatment of breast cancer resistance: current progress and future prospects","volume":"21","author":"Niu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1007\/s10549-016-3968-8","article-title":"Inhibition of 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase (PFKFB3) suppresses glucose metabolism and the growth of HER2+ breast cancer","volume":"160","author":"O'Neal","year":"2016","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res. Treat."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2380","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2021.11.011","article-title":"NEAT1 is essential for metabolic changes that promote breast cancer growth and metastasis","volume":"33","author":"Park","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7667","DOI":"10.1007\/s00210-025-03835-3","article-title":"Nanocarrier-mediated modulation of cGAS-STING signaling pathway to disrupt tumor microenvironment","volume":"398","author":"Pindiprolu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Naunyn Schmiedeb. Arch. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2018.00022","article-title":"Posttranslational modifications of pyruvate kinase M2: tweaks that benefit cancer","volume":"8","author":"Prakasam","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1093\/abbs\/gmaa081","article-title":"Mitochondrial metabolism in regulating macrophage polarization: an emerging regulator of metabolic inflammatory diseases","volume":"52","author":"Qing","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Biochim. Biophys. Sin. (Shanghai)"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1529","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-024-01104-w","article-title":"The unique catalytic properties of PSAT1 mediate metabolic adaptation to glutamine blockade","volume":"6","author":"Qiu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Metab."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1007\/s10863-012-9418-3","article-title":"Butyrate activates the monocarboxylate transporter MCT4 expression in breast cancer cells and enhances the antitumor activity of 3-bromopyruvate","volume":"44","author":"Queir\u00f3s","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Bioenerg. Biomembr."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.25036","article-title":"Reciprocal modulation of histone deacetylase inhibitors sodium butyrate and trichostatin A on the energy metabolism of breast cancer cells","volume":"116","author":"Rodrigues","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Cell Biochem."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2021.10.008","article-title":"Fasting-mimicking diet blocks triple-negative breast cancer and cancer stem cell escape","volume":"33","author":"Salvadori","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eabc4552","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abc4552","article-title":"The microbiome and human cancer","volume":"371","author":"Sepich-Poore","year":"2021","journal-title":"Science."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9394","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-53593-8","article-title":"HIF1\u03b1-regulated glycolysis promotes activation-induced cell death and IFN-\u03b3 induction in hypoxic T cells","volume":"15","author":"Shen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1232458","article-title":"Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase is a cytosolic DNA sensor that activates the type I interferon pathway","volume":"339","author":"Sun","year":"2013","journal-title":"Science."},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1685931","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1685931","article-title":"The cGAS-STING signaling pathway: emerging targets and challenges in breast cancer immunotherapy","volume":"16","author":"Sun","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4554","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-32101-w","article-title":"Metabolic reprogramming from glycolysis to fatty acid uptake and beta-oxidation in platinum-resistant cancer cells","volume":"13","author":"Tan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2020.12.020","article-title":"The source of glycolytic intermediates in mammalian tissues","volume":"33","author":"TeSlaa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-018-0112-2","article-title":"Types and origins of bacterial membrane vesicles","volume":"17","author":"Toyofuku","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2024.01.008","article-title":"Nanomaterial-mediated modulation of the cGAS-STING signaling pathway for enhanced cancer immunotherapy","volume":"176","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1229963","article-title":"Cyclic GMP-AMP is an endogenous second messenger in innate immune signaling by cytosolic DNA","volume":"339","author":"Wu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1286","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb3615","article-title":"miR-25\/93 mediates hypoxia-induced immunosuppression by repressing cGAS","volume":"19","author":"Wu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Cell Biol."},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.3892\/ijo.2022.5434","article-title":"TRIM35 ubiquitination regulates the expression of PKM2 tetramer and dimer and affects the malignant behaviour of breast cancer by regulating the Warburg effect","volume":"61","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Oncol."},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-025-03950-6","article-title":"pH-triggered Mn-ZIF8 nanoreactor enhances tumor immunotherapy by amplifying the cGAS-STING pathway through a self-reinforcing gas-metal synergy strategy","volume":"24","author":"Wu","year":"","journal-title":"J. Nanobiotechnology"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2025.06.002","article-title":"Metabolic regulation of cGAS-STING signaling in the tumor microenvironment: dual immune roles and therapeutic implications","volume":"85","author":"Wu","year":"","journal-title":"Cytokine Growth Factor Rev."},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25677","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.4499","article-title":"A comparative analysis of inhibitors of the glycolysis pathway in breast and ovarian cancer cell line models","volume":"6","author":"Xintaropoulou","year":"2015","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1619097","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2025.1619097","article-title":"Dual regulation of the cGAS-STING pathway: new targets and challenges for subtype-specific immunotherapy in breast cancer","volume":"15","author":"Xiong","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2560695","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2025.2560695","article-title":"The intratumoral microbiota in breast cancer: from basic research to clinical translation","volume":"17","author":"Xu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19573","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.4c01908","article-title":"Developing an arene binuclear Ruthenium(II) complex to induce ferroptosis and activate the cGAS-STING pathway: targeted inhibiting growth and metastasis of triple negative breast cancer","volume":"67","author":"Xu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2025.02.019","article-title":"A self-accelerating 'copper bomb' strategy activated innate and adaptive immune response against triple-negative breast cancer","volume":"49","author":"Xu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Bioact. Mater"},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"800393","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2022.800393","article-title":"Advances in cGAS-STING signaling pathway and diseases","volume":"10","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1724908","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1724908","article-title":"Role and mechanism of gut microbiota in regulating interferon-mediated programmed cell death in colorectal cancer","volume":"16","author":"Yao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2025.12.044","article-title":"Divergent tumor immunity determined by bacteria-cancer cell engagement","author":"Yao","year":"2026","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI126046","article-title":"Immunotherapy transforms cancer treatment","volume":"129","author":"Zaidi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest"},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1186\/s40364-025-00750-w","article-title":"Targeting cGAS-STING pathway for reprogramming tumor-associated macrophages to enhance anti-tumor immunotherapy","volume":"13","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biomark. Res."},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2020.05.013","article-title":"Structures and mechanisms in the cGAS-STING innate immunity pathway","volume":"53","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-023-01725-x","article-title":"Roles of tumor-associated macrophages in anti-PD-1\/PD-L1 immunotherapy for solid cancers","volume":"22","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer"},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-024-02165-x","article-title":"Metabolic switch regulates lineage plasticity and induces synthetic lethality in triple-negative breast cancer","volume":"36","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2025.04.040","article-title":"Mitochondria-targeted manganese-based mesoporous silica nanoplatforms trigger cGAS-STING activation and sensitize anti PD-L1 therapy in triple-negative breast cancer","volume":"199","author":"Zhong","year":"2025","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1186\/s13046-025-03430-7","article-title":"Targeting glutamine metabolism as a potential target for cancer treatment","volume":"44","author":"Zou","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Exp. Clin. Cancer Res."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fphar.2026.1931829\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T12:33:08Z","timestamp":1788265988000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fphar.2026.1931829\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"references-count":91,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fphar.2026.1931829"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphar.2026.1931829","relation":{},"ISSN":["1663-9812"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1663-9812","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"article-number":"1931829"}}