{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T12:38:19Z","timestamp":1792067899523,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,24]],"date-time":"2020-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1592956800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Physiol."],"DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2020.00575","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,24]],"date-time":"2020-06-24T05:19:20Z","timestamp":1592975960000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Hyperemesis Gravidarum in First-Trimester Pregnant Saudi Women: Is Helicobacter pylori a Risk Factor?"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Khulood S.","family":"Hussein","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.3923\/rjog.2014.6.13","article-title":"Role of Helicobacter pylori eradication in the management of hyperemesis gravidarum.","volume":"7","author":"Abd Alwahed","year":"2014","journal-title":"Res. J. Obst. Gynecol."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7279","DOI":"10.19082\/7279","article-title":"Prevalence and factors associated with H. pylori infection in saudi patients with dyspepsia.","volume":"10","author":"Akeel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Electronic Phys."},{"key":"B3","first-page":"1","article-title":"Comparison between serological assay and stool antigen for Helicobacter pylori in primigravida with Hyperemesis gravidarum.","volume":"7","author":"Al-Basam","year":"2014","journal-title":"Iraqi. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-020-4903-6","article-title":"Individual and healthcare system factors influencing antenatal care attendance in Saudi Arabia.","volume":"20","author":"Alanazy","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv. Res."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S48782","article-title":"Health care system in saudi arabia: an overview.","volume":"17","author":"Almalki","year":"2011","journal-title":"East. Mediterr. Health J."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2840","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-006-9709-9","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori stool antigen assay in hyperemesis gravidarum: a risk factor for hyperemesis gravidarum or not?","volume":"52","author":"Aytac","year":"2007","journal-title":"Digestive Dis. Sci."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.15296\/ijwhr.2017.06","article-title":"Global prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in pregnant women: a systematic review and meta-analysis study.","volume":"5","author":"Azami","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Women\u2019s Health Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.5152\/jtgga.2011.18","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori stool antigen in hyperemesis gravidarum.","volume":"12","author":"Bezircioglu","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Turk. Ger. Gynecol. Assoc."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60937-X","article-title":"Maternal and child undernutrition and overweight in low-income and middle-income countries.","volume":"382","author":"Black","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjm.2015.11.022","article-title":"Investigation of Helicobacter pylori antigen in stool samples of patients with upper gastrointestinal complaints.","volume":"47","author":"Calik","year":"2016","journal-title":"Braz. J. Microbiol."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v20.i3.654","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori and pregnancy-related disorders.","volume":"20","author":"Cardaropoli","year":"2014","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwj018","article-title":"Iron deficiency and Helicobacter pylori infection in the United States.","volume":"163","author":"Cardenas","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1447-0756.2003.00173.x","article-title":"Efficient and non-invasive method for investigating Helicobacter pylori in gravida with hyperemesis gravidarum: Helicobacter pylori stool antigen test.","volume":"30","author":"Cevrioglu","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Obstet. Gynaecol. Res."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2004.02.008","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori impairs iron absorption in infected individuals.","volume":"36","author":"Ciacci","year":"2004","journal-title":"Dig. Liver Dis."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000195060.22832.cd","article-title":"Outcomes of pregnancies complicated by hyperemesis gravidarum.","volume":"107","author":"Dodds","year":"2006","journal-title":"Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1016\/S1701-2163(16)34298-0","article-title":"Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy: using the 24-hour pregnancy-unique quantification of emesis (PUQE-24) scale.","volume":"31","author":"Ebrahimi","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Obstet. Gynaecol. Can."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2000-9424","article-title":"Hyperemesis gravidarum: a current review.","volume":"17","author":"Eliakim","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am. J. Perinatol."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S585","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.11.929","article-title":"905: hormone receptor genes PGR and GFRAL linked to hyperemesis gravidarum.","volume":"220","author":"Fejzo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"B19","first-page":"866","article-title":"Evidence gdf15 plays a role in familial and recurrent hyperemesis gravidarum.","volume":"78","author":"Fejzo","year":"","journal-title":"Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkunde."},{"key":"B20","article-title":"Placenta and appetite genes GDF15 and IGFBP7 are associated with hyperemesis gravidarum.","volume":"9","author":"Fejzo","year":"","journal-title":"Nat. Commun.s"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02114899","article-title":"Multi-laboratory comparison of eight commercially available Helicobacter pylori serology kits. Helicobacter pylori serology study group.","volume":"14","author":"Feldman","year":"1995","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1016\/s0029-7844(97)00709-6","article-title":"Hyperemesis gravidarum associated with Helicobacter pylori seropositivity.","volume":"91","author":"Frigo","year":"1998","journal-title":"Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1921","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2006.00668.x","article-title":"Accuracy of monoclonal stool antigen test for the diagnosis of H. pylori infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"101","author":"Gisbert","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000278571.93861.26","article-title":"Hyperemesis gravidarum and Helicobacter pylori infection: a systematic review.","volume":"110","author":"Golberg","year":"2007","journal-title":"Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2008.04.002","article-title":"Hyperemesis gravidarum.","volume":"35","author":"Goodwin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol. Clin. North Am."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-5378.1998.08018.x","article-title":"Effect of H. pylori infection and CagA status on leukocyte counts and liver function tests: extra-gastric manifestations of H. pylori infection.","volume":"3","author":"Graham","year":"1998","journal-title":"Helicobacter"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-013-2869-x","article-title":"Association of Helicobacter pylori positivity with the symptoms in patients with hyperemesis gravidarum.","volume":"288","author":"G\u00fcng\u00f6ren","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arch. Gynecol. Obstet."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tjog.2009.11.003","article-title":"Serologic and stool antigen assay of Helicobacter pylori infection in hyperemesis gravidarum: which test is useful during early pregnancy?","volume":"50","author":"Guven","year":"2011","journal-title":"Taiwan J. Obstet Gynecol."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-993841","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori infection and persistent hyperemesis gravidarum.","volume":"16","author":"Jacoby","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am. J. Perinatol."},{"key":"B30","first-page":"86","article-title":"Is lower socio-economic status a risk factor for Helicobacter pylori infection in pregnant women with hyperemesis gravidarum?","volume":"15","author":"Karac","year":"2004","journal-title":"Turk J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/IDOG\/2006\/73073","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori seropositivity and stool antigen in patients with hyperemesis gravidarum.","volume":"2006","author":"Karadeniz","year":"2006","journal-title":"Infect. Dis. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/s0020-7292(99)00091-0","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori seropositivity in patients with Hyperemesis gravidarum.","volume":"66","author":"Kocak","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int. J. Gynaecol. Obstet."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-0997","article-title":"Increased susceptibility to Helicobacter pylori infection in pregnancy.","volume":"7","author":"Lanciers","year":"1999","journal-title":"Infect. Dis. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1024","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2005.05.079","article-title":"The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori in the Hispanic population affected by hyperemesis gravidarum.","volume":"193","author":"Lee","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/278905","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori infection is associated with an increased risk of hyperemesis gravidarum: a meta-analysis.","volume":"2015","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gastroenterol. Res. Pract."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2006.10.005","article-title":"Epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori infection.","volume":"21","author":"Malaty","year":"2007","journal-title":"Best Pract. Res. Clin. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-010-1759-8","article-title":"Role of Helicobacter pylori in the pathogenesis of Hyperemesis gravidarum.","volume":"284","author":"Mansour","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch. Gynecol. Obstet."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.2147\/IJWH.S37685","article-title":"Hyperemesis gravidarum: current perspectives.","volume":"6","author":"McCarthy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Womens Health"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1093\/trstmh\/tru044","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori, anemia, iron deficiency and thrombocytopenia among pregnant women at Khartoum. Sudan.","volume":"108","author":"Mubarak","year":"2014","journal-title":"Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.13-0168a","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori infection and anemia.","volume":"89","author":"Muhsen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-5378.2008.00617","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori infection and iron stores: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"13","author":"Muhsen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Helicobacter"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"980","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1447-0756.2008.00822","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori infection detected by 14C-urea breath test is associated with iron deficiency anemia in pregnant women.","volume":"34","author":"Mulayim","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Obstet. Gynaecol. Res."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1544","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp1003896","article-title":"Clinical practice. Nausea and vomiting in pregnancy.","volume":"363","author":"Niebyl","year":"2010","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"B44","first-page":"CR12","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori aeropositivity and the incidence of Hyperemesis gravidarum.","volume":"9","author":"Salimi-Khayati","year":"2003","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Monit."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-002-0473-6","article-title":"Positive serology for Helicobacter pylori and vomiting in the pregnancy.","volume":"270","author":"Shirin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch. Gynecol. Obstet."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra020542","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori infection.","volume":"347","author":"Suerbaum","year":"2002","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-5378.2011.00883.x","article-title":"Extragastric manifestations of Helicobacter pylori infection.","volume":"16","author":"Suzuki","year":"2011","journal-title":"Helicobacter"},{"key":"B48","year":"2011","journal-title":"A Global Review of the Key interventions Related to Reproductive Maternal and Child Health (RMNCH)."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmi021","article-title":"Hyperemesis gravidarum, a literature review.","volume":"11","author":"Verberg","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod. Update"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2012.11.007","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori infection and severe hyperemesis gravidarum among immigrant women in Norway: a case-control study.","volume":"167","author":"Vikanes","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2004.08.028","article-title":"Role of Helicobacter pylori infection in iron deficiency during pregnancy.","volume":"192","author":"Weyermann","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"B52","year":"1994","journal-title":"Prevention and Management of Severe Anemia in Pregnancy. Report of a Technical Working Group."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Physiology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fphys.2020.00575\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,26]],"date-time":"2020-06-26T19:04:38Z","timestamp":1593198278000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fphys.2020.00575\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,24]]},"references-count":52,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fphys.2020.00575"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphys.2020.00575","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-042X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-042X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,24]]},"article-number":"575"}}