{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T22:32:40Z","timestamp":1790721160144,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,25]],"date-time":"2021-01-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1611532800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018YFD0200802"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018YFD0200802"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Physiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Pheromones are a kind of signal produced by an animal that evoke innate responses in conspecifics. In moth, pheromone components can be detected by specialized olfactory receptor neurons (OSNs) housed in long sensilla trichoids on the male antennae. The pheromone receptors (PRs) located in the dendrite membrane of OSNs are responsible for pheromone sensing in most Lepidopteran insects. The potato tuber moth <jats:italic>Phthorimaea operculella<\/jats:italic> is a destructive pest of Solanaceae crops. Although sex attractant is widely used in fields to monitor the population of <jats:italic>P. operculella<\/jats:italic>, no study has been reported on the mechanism the male moth of <jats:italic>P. operculella<\/jats:italic> uses to recognize sex pheromone components. In the present study, we cloned two pheromone receptor genes <jats:italic>PopeOR1<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>PopeOR3<\/jats:italic> in <jats:italic>P. operculella<\/jats:italic>. The transcripts of them were highly accumulated in the antennae of male adults. Functional analysis using the heterologous expression system of <jats:italic>Xenopus<\/jats:italic> oocyte demonstrated that these two PR proteins both responded to (<jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Z<\/jats:italic>)-4,7\u201313: OAc and (<jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Z<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Z<\/jats:italic>)-4,7,10\u201313: OAc, the key sex pheromone components of <jats:italic>P. operculella<\/jats:italic>, whilst they responded differentially to these two ligands. Our findings for the first time characterized the function of pheromone receptors in gelechiid moth and could promote the olfactory based pest management of <jats:italic>P. operculella<\/jats:italic> in the field.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2020.618983","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,25]],"date-time":"2021-01-25T05:25:17Z","timestamp":1611552317000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Identification and Functional Characterization of Two Putative Pheromone Receptors in the Potato Tuber Moth, Phthorimaea operculella"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Xiaoli","family":"He","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yajie","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinglei","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengdi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yadong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Ge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zengrong","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenwu","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guirong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yulin","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103986","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinsphys.2019.103986","article-title":"Functional characterization of one sex pheromone receptor (AlucOR4) in Apolygus lucorum (Meyer-D\u00fcr)","volume":"120","author":"An","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Insect Physiol."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e49826","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.49826","article-title":"A novel lineage of candidate pheromone receptors for sex communication in moth","volume":"8","author":"Bastin-Heline","year":"2019","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13093","DOI":"10.1038\/srep13093","article-title":"Pheromone binding proteins enhance the sensitivity of olfactory receptors to sex pheromones in Chilo suppressalis","volume":"5","author":"Chang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1747","DOI":"10.1038\/s41559-017-0314-4","article-title":"Genomic adaptation to polyphagy and insecticides in a major east Asian noctuid pest","volume":"1","author":"Cheng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Ecol. Evol."},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.3389\/fevo.2015.00095","article-title":"Evolution of two receptors detecting the same pheromone compound in crop pest moth of the genus Spodoptera","volume":"3","author":"de Fouchier","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Ecol. Evol."},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.5.745","article-title":"A receptor and binding protein interplay in the detection of a distinct pheromone component in the silkmoth: Antheraea polyphemus","volume":"5","author":"Forstner","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5858","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0508609103","article-title":"Experimental evidence for interspecific directional selection on moth pheromone communication","volume":"103","author":"Groot","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2010.00022","article-title":"Sex-specific odorant receptors of the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta","volume":"4","author":"Gro\u00dfe","year":"2010","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.3390\/insects11030193","article-title":"Functional characterization of sex pheromone receptors in the fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda)","volume":"11","author":"Guo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Insects"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1002\/arch.21164","article-title":"Functional characterization of an antennal esterase from the noctuid moth, Spodoptera exigua","volume":"86","author":"He","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol."},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e29100","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.29100","article-title":"Two single-point mutations shift the ligand selectivity of a pheromone receptor between two closely related moth species","volume":"6","author":"Ke","year":"2017","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11845","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0403052101","article-title":"Genes encoding candidate pheromone receptors in a moth (Heliothis virescens)","volume":"101","author":"Krieger","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1126\/science.286.5440.72","article-title":"A systems perspective on early olfactory coding","volume":"286","author":"Laurent","year":"1999","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e53706","DOI":"10.7554\/elife.53706.sa2","article-title":"A moth odorant receptor highly expressed in the ovipositor is involved in detecting host-plant volatiles","volume":"9","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2018.00591","article-title":"Functional studies of sex pheromone receptors in asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis","volume":"9","author":"Liu","year":"","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinsphys.2018.02.005","article-title":"Cloning and functional characterization of three new pheromone receptors from the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella","volume":"107","author":"Liu","year":"","journal-title":"J. Insect Physiol."},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e62094","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0062094","article-title":"Functional specificity of sex pheromone receptors in the cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera","volume":"8","author":"Liu","year":"","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ibmb.2013.05.009","article-title":"Identification and functional characterization of sex pheromone receptors in beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Hubner)","volume":"43","author":"Liu","year":"","journal-title":"Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pestbp.2019.04.011","article-title":"Functional characterization of pheromone receptors in the moth, Athetis dissimilis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)","volume":"158","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pestic. Biochem. Physiol."},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1006\/meth.2001.1262","article-title":"Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2\u2212\u0394\u0394Ct method","volume":"25","author":"Livak","year":"2001","journal-title":"Methods"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1533","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2007.07.062","article-title":"Odor coding in the maxillary palp of the malaria vector mosquito, Anopheles gambiae","volume":"17","author":"Lu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2588","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2012.08183","article-title":"Functional characterization of a sex pheromone receptor in the pest moth Spodoptera littoralis by heterologous expression in Drosophila","volume":"36","author":"Montagn\u00e9","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1570-7458.1976.tb02645.x","article-title":"Sex pheromone of the potato tuberworm moth, Phthorimaea operculella: isolation, dentification and field evaluation","volume":"20","author":"Persoons","year":"1976","journal-title":"Entomol. Exp. Appl."},{"key":"ref26","author":"Roelofs","year":"1975"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1016\/S2095-3119(19)62740-1","article-title":"Decoding phthorimaea operculella (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) in the new age of change","volume":"19","author":"Rondon","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Integr. Agric."},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16653","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0407596101","article-title":"Identification and functional characterization of a sex pheromone receptor in the silkmoth, Bombyx mori","volume":"101","author":"Sakura","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1638","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1106267","article-title":"Insect sex-pheromone signals mediated by specific combinations of olfactory receptors","volume":"307","author":"Sakura","year":"2005","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06850","article-title":"Insect olfactory receptors are heteromeric ligand-gated ion channels","volume":"452","author":"Sato","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref42","first-page":"155","volume-title":"Atlas of arthropod sensory receptor-dynamic morphology in relation to function.","author":"Steinbrecht","year":"1999"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e62098","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0062098","article-title":"Identification and characterization of pheromone receptors and interplay between receptors and pheromone binding proteins in the diamondback moth, Plutella xyllostella","volume":"8","author":"Sun","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2731","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msr121","article-title":"MEGA5: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis using maximum likelihood, evolutionary distance, and maximum parsimony methods","volume":"28","author":"Tamura","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1016\/B0-44-451924-6\/00047-8","article-title":"Molecular basis of pheromone detection in insects","volume-title":"Comp. Mol. Insect. Sci.","author":"Vogt","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-019-5815-x","article-title":"Transcriptome analysis of gene families involved in chemosensory function in Spodoptera littoralis (Lepidoptera: noctuidae)","volume":"20","author":"Walker","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Genomics"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4418","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0913392107","article-title":"Molecular basis of odor coding in the malaria vector mosquito, Anopheles gambiae","volume":"107","author":"Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2583.2010.01045.x","article-title":"Functional characterization of pheromone receptors in the tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens","volume":"20","author":"Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Insect Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ibmb.2018.06.002","article-title":"Functional characterization of odorant receptors from Lampronia capitella suggests a non-ditrysian origan of the lepidopteran pheromone receptor clade","volume":"100","author":"Yuvaraj","year":"2018","journal-title":"Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinsphys.2018.08.009","article-title":"Functional characterization of four sex pheromone receptors in the newly discovered maize pest Athetis lepigone","volume":"113","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Insect Physiol."},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.3389\/fevo.2015.00105","article-title":"Moth pheromone receptors: gene sequences, function, and evolution","volume":"3","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Ecol. Evol."},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2018.00591","article-title":"Identification and functional characterization of sex pheromone receptors in the common cutworm (Spodoptera litura)","volume":"40","author":"Zhang","year":"","journal-title":"Chem. Senses"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1111\/imb.12109","article-title":"Functional characterization of sex pheromone receptors in the purple stem borer, Sesamia inferens (walker)","volume":"23","author":"Zhang","year":"","journal-title":"Insect Mol. Biol."}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2022.994614","type":"corrigendum","label":"Corrigendum","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,19]],"date-time":"2022-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1660867200000}}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Physiology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fphys.2020.618983\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,19]],"date-time":"2022-08-19T09:54:14Z","timestamp":1660902854000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fphys.2020.618983\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,25]]},"references-count":40,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fphys.2020.618983"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphys.2020.618983","relation":{"corrigendum":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3389\/fphys.2022.994614","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1664-042X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-042X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,25]]},"article-number":"618983"}}