{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T01:02:54Z","timestamp":1783126974444,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,23]],"date-time":"2021-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614038400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Physiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is a type of congenital cardiac disease with pulmonary artery (PA) stenosis being the most common defect. Repair surgery needs an appropriate patch to enlarge the narrowed artery from the right ventricular (RV) to the PA.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this work, we proposed a generative adversarial networks (GANs) based method to optimize the patch size, shape, and location. Firstly, we built the 3D PA of patients by segmentation from cardiac computed tomography angiography. After that, normal and stenotic areas of each PA were detected and labeled into two sub-images groups. Then a GAN was trained based on these sub-images. Finally, an optimal prediction model was utilized to repair the PA with patch augmentation in the new patient.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The fivefold cross-validation (CV) was performed for optimal patch prediction based on GANs in the repair of TOF and the CV accuracy was 93.33%, followed by the clinical outcome. This showed that the GAN model has a significant advantage in finding the best balance point of patch optimization.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This approach has the potential to reduce the intraoperative misjudgment rate, thereby providing a detailed surgical plan in patients with TOF.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2021.613330","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,23]],"date-time":"2021-02-23T17:10:23Z","timestamp":1614100223000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["The Optimal Tetralogy of Fallot Repair Using Generative Adversarial Networks"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Guangming","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yujie","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingliang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunfei","family":"Ling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaobo","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1462","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60657-7","article-title":"Tetralogy of Fallot.","volume":"374","author":"Apitz","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCOUTCOMES.111.963603","article-title":"Long-term survival and unnatural deaths of patients with repaired tetralogy of Fallot in an Asian cohort.","volume":"5","author":"Chiu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Circ. 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