{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T00:44:11Z","timestamp":1787877851196,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":153,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,6]],"date-time":"2021-07-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625529600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81771851"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81771851"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81530056"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81530056"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Physiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is the most common congenital cardiac abnormality. BAV aortic dilatation is associated with an increased risk of adverse aortic events and represents a potentially lethal disease and hence a considerable medical burden. BAV with aortic dilatation warrants frequent monitoring, and elective surgical intervention is the only effective method to prevent dissection or rupture. The predictive value of the aortic diameter is known to be limited. The aortic diameter is presently still the main reference standard for surgical intervention owing to the lack of a comprehensive understanding of BAV aortopathy progression. This article provides a brief comprehensive review of the current knowledge on BAV aortopathy regarding clinical definitions, epidemiology, natural course, and pathophysiology, as well as hemodynamic and clinically significant aspects on the basis of the limited data available.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2021.615175","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,6]],"date-time":"2021-07-06T01:12:41Z","timestamp":1625533961000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Aortic Dilatation in Patients With Bicuspid Aortic Valve"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Jing","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenhui","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qing","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuman","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tianshu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingxing","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1392","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2009.07.075","article-title":"Smooth muscle phenotypic modulation is an early event in aortic aneurysms.","volume":"138","author":"Ailawadi","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1007\/s00380-016-0942-7","article-title":"Patients with bicuspid and tricuspid aortic valve exhibit distinct regional microrna signatures in mildly dilated ascending aorta.","volume":"32","author":"Albinsson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Heart Vessels"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1007\/s10554-015-0819-3","article-title":"Influence of beta-blocker therapy on aortic blood flow in patients with bicuspid aortic valve.","volume":"32","author":"Allen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Cardiovasc. Imaging"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2015.04.017","article-title":"Comparison of outcomes and presentation in men-versus-women with bicuspid aortic valves undergoing aortic valve replacement.","volume":"116","author":"Andrei","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2008.04.044","article-title":"Absence of TGFBR1 and TGFBR2 mutations in patients with bicuspid aortic valve and aortic dilation.","volume":"102","author":"Arrington","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1209","DOI":"10.1007\/s10237-014-0567-7","article-title":"Bicuspid aortic valve hemodynamics induces abnormal medial remodeling in the convexity of porcine ascending aortas.","volume":"13","author":"Atkins","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biomech. Model. Mechanobiol."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2014.12.027","article-title":"Predictors of ascending aortic dilation in bicuspid aortic valve disease: a five-year prospective study.","volume":"128","author":"Avadhani","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Med."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1673","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2020.02.039","article-title":"Sports participation and exercise restriction in children with isolated bicuspid aortic valve.","volume":"125","author":"Baleilevuka-Hart","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2019.04.060","article-title":"Seno-destructive smooth muscle cells in the ascending aorta of patients with bicuspid aortic valve disease.","volume":"43","author":"Balint","year":"2019","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-32170-2","article-title":"Deregulation of Notch1 pathway and circulating endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) number in patients with bicuspid aortic valve with and without ascending aorta aneurysm.","volume":"8","author":"Balistreri","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e180","DOI":"10.1093\/ejcts\/ezs630","article-title":"Focus on the unique mechanisms involved in thoracic aortic aneurysm formation in bicuspid aortic valve versus tricuspid aortic valve patients: clinical implications of a pilot study.","volume":"43","author":"Balistreri","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2915","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehq249","article-title":"ESC guidelines for the management of grown-up congenital heart disease (new version 2010).","volume":"31","author":"Baumgartner","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur. Heart. J."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.03.027","article-title":"Aortopathy is prevalent in relatives of bicuspid aortic valve patients.","volume":"53","author":"Biner","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-20642-4","article-title":"Altered DNA methylation indicates an oscillatory flow mediated epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition signature in ascending aorta of patients with bicuspid aortic valve.","volume":"8","author":"Bj\u00f6rck","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2011.11.035","article-title":"Characteristics of TAV- and BAV-associated thoracic aortic aneurysms\u2013smooth muscle cell biology, expression profiling, and histological analyses.","volume":"220","author":"Blunder","year":"2012","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2018.02.007","article-title":"Targeted gene expression analyses and immunohistology suggest a pro-proliferative state in tricuspid aortic valve-, and senescence and viral infections in bicuspid aortic valve-associated thoracic aortic aneurysms.","volume":"271","author":"Blunder","year":"2018","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1097\/hco.0000000000000336","article-title":"Aortic disease and pregnancy.","volume":"31","author":"Bons","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Cardiol."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2014.02.018","article-title":"Canadian cardiovascular society position statement on the management of thoracic aortic disease.","volume":"30","author":"Boodhwani","year":"2014","journal-title":"Can. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jez001","article-title":"Bicuspid aortic valve behaviour in elite athletes.","volume":"20","author":"Boraita","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. Heart. J. Cardiovasc. Imaging"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2018.02.115","article-title":"The American association for thoracic surgery consensus guidelines on bicuspid aortic valve-related aortopathy: full online-only version.","volume":"156","author":"Borger","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18112498","article-title":"MiRNome profiling in bicuspid aortic valve-associated aortopathy by next-generation sequencing.","volume":"18","author":"Borghini","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e303","DOI":"10.1161\/cir.0000000000000243","article-title":"Eligibility and disqualification recommendations for competitive athletes with cardiovascular abnormalities: task force 7: aortic diseases, including marfan syndrome: a scientific statement from the american heart association and american college of cardiology.","volume":"132","author":"Braverman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2010.02847.x","article-title":"Saving mothers\u2019 lives: reviewing maternal deaths to make motherhood safer: 2006-2008. the eighth report of the confidential enquiries into maternal deaths in the united kingdom.","volume":"118","author":"Cantwell","year":"2011","journal-title":"Bjog"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-48432-6","article-title":"Regulation of PDE5 expression in human aorta and thoracic aortic aneurysms.","volume":"9","author":"Cesarini","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2020.02.013","article-title":"Smooth muscle cell reprogramming in aortic aneurysms.","volume":"26","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.2107","article-title":"Generation of human vascular smooth muscle subtypes provides insight into embryological origin-dependent disease susceptibility.","volume":"30","author":"Cheung","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2012.11.005","article-title":"Losartan added to \u03b2-blockade therapy for aortic root dilation in Marfan syndrome: a randomized, open-label pilot study.","volume":"88","author":"Chiu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mayo. Clin. Proc."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2020.0054","article-title":"Association of ascending aortic dilatation and long-term endurance exercise among older masters-level athletes.","volume":"5","author":"Churchill","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA. Cardiol."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1536","article-title":"Angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockade attenuates TGF-beta-induced failure of muscle regeneration in multiple myopathic states.","volume":"13","author":"Cohn","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.2006.046250","article-title":"Variation in the histopathological features of patients with ascending aortic aneurysms: a study of 111 surgically excised cases.","volume":"61","author":"Collins","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Clin. Pathol."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-014-3307-4","article-title":"Management of the pregnant woman with Marfan syndrome complicated by ascending aorta dilation.","volume":"290","author":"Cox","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arch. Gynecol. Obstet"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1338","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2006.10.074","article-title":"Natural history of ascending aortic aneurysms in the setting of an unreplaced bicuspid aortic valve.","volume":"83","author":"Davies","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann. Thorac. Surg."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1016\/s0022-5223(99)70002-4","article-title":"Histologic abnormalities of the ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk in patients with bicuspid aortic valve disease: clinical relevance to the ross procedure.","volume":"118","author":"De Sa","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2013.07.009","article-title":"Pattern of ascending aortic dimensions predicts the growth rate of the aorta in patients with bicuspid aortic valve.","volume":"6","author":"Della Corte","year":"2013","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc. Imaging"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1093\/ejcts\/ezt621","article-title":"The ascending aorta with bicuspid aortic valve: a phenotypic classification with potential prognostic significance.","volume":"46","author":"Della Corte","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejcts.2006.12.006","article-title":"Predictors of ascending aortic dilatation with bicuspid aortic valve: a wide spectrum of disease expression.","volume":"31","author":"Della Corte","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2013-304920","article-title":"Aortic dilatation patterns and rates in adults with bicuspid aortic valves: a comparative study with Marfan syndrome and degenerative aortopathy.","volume":"100","author":"Detaint","year":"2014","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9020290","article-title":"Differences in aortopathy in patients with a bicuspid aortic valve with or without aortic coarctation.","volume":"9","author":"Duijnhouwer","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1668","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2013-304606","article-title":"Type A aortic dissection in patients with bicuspid aortic valves: clinical and pathological comparison with tricuspid aortic valves.","volume":"99","author":"Eleid","year":"2013","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7000","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.14587","article-title":"Anatomically specific reactive oxygen species production participates in Marfan syndrome aneurysm formation.","volume":"23","author":"Emrich","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Cell. Mol. Med."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2873","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehu281","article-title":"2014 ESC Guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of aortic diseases: document covering acute and chronic aortic diseases of the thoracic and abdominal aorta of the adult. The task force for the diagnosis and treatment of aortic diseases of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC).","volume":"35","author":"Erbel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1884","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2010.06.115","article-title":"When to operate on the bicuspid valve patient with a modestly dilated ascending aorta.","volume":"90","author":"Etz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann. Thorac. Surg."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2017-311560","article-title":"Anatomical and clinical predictors of valve dysfunction and aortic dilation in bicuspid aortic valve disease.","volume":"104","author":"Evangelista","year":"2018","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2008.01.022","article-title":"The aortopathy of bicuspid aortic valve disease has distinctive patterns and usually involves the transverse aortic arch.","volume":"135","author":"Fazel","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1016\/s0022-5223(03)00398-2","article-title":"Vascular matrix remodeling in patients with bicuspid aortic valve malformations: implications for aortic dilatation.","volume":"126","author":"Fedak","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1365","DOI":"10.2119\/molmed.2011.00286","article-title":"Unraveling divergent gene expression profiles in bicuspid and tricuspid aortic valve patients with thoracic aortic dilatation: the ASAP study.","volume":"17","author":"Folkersen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol. Med."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1749","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcin.2020.03.022","article-title":"Transcatheter aortic valve replacement in bicuspid versus tricuspid aortic valves from the STS\/ACC TVT registry.","volume":"13","author":"Forrest","year":"2020","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc. Interv."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1800","DOI":"10.1161\/circresaha.117.310833","article-title":"A possible early biomarker for bicuspid aortopathy: circulating transforming growth factor \u03b2-1 to soluble endoglin ratio.","volume":"120","author":"Forte","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1042\/cs20120324","article-title":"Early cell changes and TGF\u03b2 pathway alterations in the aortopathy associated with bicuspid aortic valve stenosis.","volume":"124","author":"Forte","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Sci."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2018-313802","article-title":"Familial clustering of bicuspid aortic valve and its relationship with aortic dilation in first-degree relatives.","volume":"105","author":"Galian-Gay","year":"2019","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1038\/72835","article-title":"A role for smad6 in development and homeostasis of the cardiovascular system.","volume":"24","author":"Galvin","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jev228","article-title":"Four-dimensional flow magnetic resonance imaging-based characterization of aortic morphometry and haemodynamics: impact of age, aortic diameter, and valve morphology.","volume":"17","author":"Garcia","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. Heart. J. Cardiovasc. Imaging"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2017.00730","article-title":"Corrigendum: candidate gene resequencing in a large bicuspid aortic valve-associated thoracic aortic aneurysm cohort: smad6 as an important contributor.","volume":"8","author":"Gillis","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2012.11.004","article-title":"Long-term prognosis of ascending aortic aneurysm after aortic valve replacement for bicuspid versus tricuspid aortic valve stenosis.","volume":"147","author":"Girdauskas","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9010276","article-title":"Expression patterns of circulating micrornas in the risk stratification of bicuspid aortopathy.","volume":"9","author":"Girdauskas","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0200205","article-title":"MiR-145 expression and rare NOTCH1 variants in bicuspid aortic valve-associated aortopathy.","volume":"13","author":"Girdauskas","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1409","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2015.07.022","article-title":"Aortic dissection after previous aortic valve replacement for bicuspid aortic valve disease.","volume":"66","author":"Girdauskas","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1458","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2011.06.071","article-title":"Comparison of ascending aortic size in patients with severe bicuspid aortic valve stenosis treated with versus without a statin drug.","volume":"108","author":"Goel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2014.11.015","article-title":"Multimodality imaging of diseases of the thoracic aorta in adults: from the american society of echocardiography and the European association of cardiovascular imaging: endorsed by the society of cardiovascular computed tomography and society for cardiovascular magnetic resonance.","volume":"28","author":"Goldstein","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Echocardiogr."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2019.00299","article-title":"Aortic wall elastic properties in case of bicuspid aortic valve.","volume":"10","author":"Goudot","year":"","journal-title":"Front Physiol."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2018-313232","article-title":"Segmental aortic stiffness in patients with bicuspid aortic valve compared with first-degree relatives.","volume":"105","author":"Goudot","year":"","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-018-0265-y","article-title":"ROBO4 variants predispose individuals to bicuspid aortic valve and thoracic aortic aneurysm.","volume":"51","author":"Gould","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2019.00225","article-title":"Wall shear stress directional abnormalities in BAV aortas: toward a new hemodynamic predictor of aortopathy?","volume":"19","author":"Grewal","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1583","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2014.01.027","article-title":"Ascending aorta dilation in association with bicuspid aortic valve: a maturation defect of the aortic wall.","volume":"148","author":"Grewal","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1488","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2007.6","article-title":"Mutations in smooth muscle alpha-actin (ACTA2) lead to thoracic aortic aneurysms and dissections.","volume":"39","author":"Guo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2018.1281","article-title":"Association of mortality and acute aortic events with ascending aortic aneurysm: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"1","author":"Guo","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. Open"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2015.06.1310","article-title":"Valve-related hemodynamics mediate human bicuspid aortopathy: insights from wall shear stress mapping.","volume":"66","author":"Guzzardi","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1002\/dvg.22721","article-title":"Nkx2-5 lineage tracing visualizes the distribution of second heart field-derived aortic smooth muscle.","volume":"51","author":"Harmon","year":"2013","journal-title":"Genesis"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1093\/ejcts\/ezy464","article-title":"Defective NOTCH signalling drives smooth muscle cell death and differentiation in bicuspid aortic valve aortopathy.","volume":"56","author":"Harrison","year":"","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg."},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcm.2018.06.008","article-title":"Defective NOTCH signaling drives increased vascular smooth muscle cell apoptosis and contractile differentiation in bicuspid aortic valve aortopathy: a review of the evidence and future directions.","volume":"29","author":"Harrison","year":"","journal-title":"Trends Cardiovasc. Med."},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e266","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0b013e3181d4739e","article-title":"2010 ACCF\/AHA\/AATS\/ACR\/ASA\/SCA\/SCAI\/SIR\/STS\/SVM guidelines for the diagnosis and management of patients with thoracic aortic disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation\/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines, American Association for Thoracic Surgery, American College of Radiology, American Stroke Association, Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, Society of Interventional Radiology, Society of Thoracic Surgeons, and Society for Vascular Medicine.","volume":"121","author":"Hiratzka","year":"","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E43","DOI":"10.1002\/ccd.22537","article-title":"2010 ACCF\/AHA\/AATS\/ACR\/ASA\/SCA\/SCAI\/SIR\/STS\/SVM guidelines for the diagnosis and management of patients with thoracic aortic disease: executive summary. A report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation\/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines, American Association for Thoracic Surgery, American College of Radiology, American Stroke Association, Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, Society of Interventional Radiology, Society of Thoracic Surgeons, and Society for Vascular Medicine.","volume":"76","author":"Hiratzka","year":"","journal-title":"Catheter. Cardiovasc. Interv."},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1161\/cir.0000000000000331","article-title":"Surgery for aortic dilatation in patients with bicuspid aortic valves: a statement of clarification from the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines.","volume":"133","author":"Hiratzka","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.09091437","article-title":"Bicuspid aortic valve: four-dimensional MR evaluation of ascending aortic systolic flow patterns.","volume":"255","author":"Hope","year":"2010","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2017.00536","article-title":"Mechanisms of smooth muscle cell differentiation are distinctly altered in thoracic aortic aneurysms associated with bicuspid or tricuspid aortic valves.","volume":"8","author":"Ignatieva","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.1436","article-title":"The role of ventricular-arterial coupling in cardiac disease and heart failure: assessment, clinical implications and therapeutic interventions. a consensus document of the European society of cardiology working group on aorta & peripheral vascular diseases, European association of cardiovascular imaging and heart failure association.","volume":"21","author":"Ikonomidis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail."},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1161\/circulationaha.112.000974","article-title":"A meta-analysis of aortic root size in elite athletes.","volume":"127","author":"Iskandar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2015.12.022","article-title":"A bicuspid aortic valve imaging classification for the TAVR Era.","volume":"9","author":"Jilaihawi","year":"2016","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc. Imaging"},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1067\/mva.1991.26737","article-title":"Suggested standards for reporting on arterial aneurysms. subcommittee on reporting standards for arterial aneurysms, Ad Hoc Committee on Reporting Standards, Society for Vascular Surgery and North American Chapter, International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery.","volume":"13","author":"Johnston","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Vasc. Surg."},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1093\/ejcts\/ezx387","article-title":"Should the dilated ascending aorta be repaired at the time of bicuspid aortic valve replacement?","volume":"53","author":"Kaneko","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg."},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2013.02.017","article-title":"Patterns of aortic dilatation in bicuspid aortic valve-associated aortopathy.","volume":"26","author":"Khoo","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Echocardiogr."},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circimaging.116.005155","article-title":"Sex differences in phenotypes of bicuspid aortic valve and aortopathy: insights from a large multicenter, international registry.","volume":"10","author":"Kong","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circ. Cardiovasc. Imaging"},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2016.02.006","article-title":"Notch-dependent EMT is attenuated in patients with aortic aneurysm and bicuspid aortic valve.","volume":"1862","author":"Kostina","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1795","DOI":"10.1161\/circulationaha.111.040352","article-title":"Epithelial-to-mesenchymal and endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition: from cardiovascular development to disease.","volume":"125","author":"Kovacic","year":"2012","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1007\/s00395-012-0288-y","article-title":"Abnormal left ventricular mechanics in isolated bicuspid aortic valve disease may be independent of aortic distensibility: 2d strain imaging study.","volume":"21","author":"Kurt","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Heart Valve Dis."},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2061","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1404731","article-title":"Atenolol versus losartan in children and young adults with Marfan\u2019s syndrome.","volume":"371","author":"Lacro","year":"2014","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2876","DOI":"10.1172\/jci44555","article-title":"Loss of Gata5 in mice leads to bicuspid aortic valve.","volume":"121","author":"Laforest","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm3758","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of epithelial-mesenchymal transition.","volume":"15","author":"Lamouille","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1.e14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2014.10.003","article-title":"Recommendations for cardiac chamber quantification by echocardiography in adults: an update from the American Society of Echocardiography and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging.","volume":"28","author":"Lang","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Echocardiogr."},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1547","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2015.08.017","article-title":"Association of aortic phenotypes and mechanical function with left ventricular diastolic function in subjects with normally functioning bicuspid aortic valves and comparison to subjects with tricuspid aortic valves.","volume":"116","author":"Lee","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol."},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.5761\/atcs.oa.18-00287","article-title":"The heterogeneous phenotype of bicuspid aortopathy attribute to different dominant pathogenesis.","volume":"25","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg."},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.118.312439","article-title":"Pharmacologic management of aneurysms.","volume":"124","author":"Lindeman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10145","article-title":"Lessons on the pathogenesis of aneurysm from heritable conditions.","volume":"473","author":"Lindsay","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2018.01921","article-title":"Bicuspid aortic valve: an update in morphology, genetics, biomarker, complications, imaging diagnosis and treatment.","volume":"9","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e59","DOI":"10.1161\/atvbaha.117.309578","article-title":"Aortic aneurysms.","volume":"37","author":"Lu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1044","DOI":"10.1038\/s41431-019-0363-z","article-title":"Confirmation of the role of pathogenic SMAD6 variants in bicuspid aortic valve-related aortopathy.","volume":"27","author":"Luyckx","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1161\/circulationaha.113.003026","article-title":"Bicuspid aortic cusp fusion morphology alters aortic three-dimensional outflow patterns, wall shear stress, and expression of aortopathy.","volume":"129","author":"Mahadevia","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.12833","article-title":"The mir-200 family regulates key pathogenic events in ascending aortas of individuals with bicuspid aortic valves.","volume":"285","author":"Maleki","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Intern. Med."},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep35712","article-title":"Mesenchymal state of intimal cells may explain higher propensity to ascending aortic aneurysm in bicuspid aortic valves.","volume":"6","author":"Maleki","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.23632","article-title":"4D flow MRI.","volume":"36","author":"Markl","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Magn. Reson. Imaging"},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1007\/s00439-006-0316-9","article-title":"Evidence in favor of linkage to human chromosomal regions 18q, 5q and 13q for bicuspid aortic valve and associated cardiovascular malformations.","volume":"121","author":"Martin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hum. Genet."},{"key":"B102","first-page":"54","article-title":"Histopathological grading of ascending aortic aneurysm: comparison of patients with bicuspid versus tricuspid aortic valve.","volume":"12","author":"Matthias Bechtel","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Heart. Valve. Dis."},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1104","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2011.1286","article-title":"Incidence of aortic complications in patients with bicuspid aortic valves.","volume":"306","author":"Michelena","year":"2011","journal-title":"Jama"},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.12856","article-title":"MicroRNA detection in the pathogenesis of BAV-associated aortopathy-mediated vascular remodelling through EndMT\/EMT.","volume":"285","author":"Mohamed","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Intern. Med."},{"key":"B105","first-page":"42","article-title":"Angiotensin II receptor antagonism reduces transforming growth factor beta and Smad signaling in thoracic aortic aneurysm.","volume":"13","author":"Nataatmadja","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ochsner. J."},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1116","article-title":"Dysregulation of TGF-beta activation contributes to pathogenesis in Marfan syndrome.","volume":"33","author":"Neptune","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1016\/s0741-5214(95)70296-2","article-title":"Arterial dissections associated with pregnancy.","volume":"21","author":"Nolte","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Vasc. Surg."},{"key":"B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1161\/circimaging.115.004426","article-title":"Association of aortic stiffness with left ventricular remodeling and reduced left ventricular function measured by magnetic resonance imaging: the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis.","volume":"9","author":"Ohyama","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circ. Cardiovasc. Imaging"},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2009.05.045","article-title":"Risk of aortic root or ascending aorta complications in patients with bicuspid aortic valve with and without coarctation of the aorta.","volume":"104","author":"Oliver","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"B110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvx050","article-title":"DNA methylome analysis reveals distinct epigenetic patterns of ascending aortic dissection and bicuspid aortic valve.","volume":"113","author":"Pan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Res."},{"key":"B111","first-page":"1233","article-title":"Aortic medial changes associated with bicuspid aortic valve: myth or reality?","volume":"15","author":"Parai","year":"1999","journal-title":"Can. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"B112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2010.08.055","article-title":"Fate of nonreplaced sinuses of Valsalva in bicuspid aortic valve disease.","volume":"142","author":"Park","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg."},{"key":"B113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mgg3.620","article-title":"A novel SMAD6 variant in a patient with severely calcified bicuspid aortic valve and thoracic aortic aneurysm.","volume":"7","author":"Park","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Genet. Genomic. Med."},{"key":"B114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2017.03.006","article-title":"Transthoracic echocardiography versus computed tomography for ascending aortic measurements in patients with bicuspid aortic valve.","volume":"30","author":"Park","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Echocardiogr."},{"key":"B115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1093\/ejcts\/ezx024","article-title":"Natural history of moderately dilated tubular ascending aorta: implications for determining the optimal imaging interval.","volume":"51","author":"Park","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg."},{"key":"B116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dmm.044990","article-title":"Disturbed NO signalling gives rise to congenital bicuspid aortic valve and aortopathy.","volume":"13","author":"Peterson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dis. Model. Mech."},{"key":"B117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2017.00441","article-title":"4D Flow analysis of BAV-related fluid-dynamic alterations: evidences of wall shear stress alterations in absence of clinically-relevant aortic anatomical remodeling.","volume":"8","author":"Piatti","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"B118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1024\/0301-1526\/a000390","article-title":"Differential expression of MMP-2, MMP-9 and TIMP proteins in thoracic aortic aneurysm - comparison with and without bicuspid aortic valve: a meta-analysis.","volume":"43","author":"Rabkin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vasa"},{"key":"B119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-12248-z","article-title":"Critical role of ADAMTS-4 in the development of sporadic aortic aneurysm and dissection in mice.","volume":"7","author":"Ren","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.118.011402","article-title":"Hospital incidence and in-hospital mortality of surgically and interventionally treated aortic dissections: secondary data analysis of the nationwide German diagnosis-related group statistics from 2006 to 2014.","volume":"8","author":"Reutersberg","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Am. Heart. Assoc."},{"key":"B121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jjcc.2016.05.007","article-title":"Hypothesis-free secretome analysis of thoracic aortic aneurysm reinforces the central role of TGF-\u03b2 cascade in patients with bicuspid aortic valve.","volume":"69","author":"Rocchiccioli","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Cardiol."},{"key":"B122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12968-018-0451-1","article-title":"Aortic flow patterns and wall shear stress maps by 4D-flow cardiovascular magnetic resonance in the assessment of aortic dilatation in bicuspid aortic valve disease.","volume":"20","author":"Rodr\u00edguez-Palomares","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Cardiovasc. Magn. Reson."},{"key":"B123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"819.e4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2016.04.006","article-title":"Multimodality assessment of ascending aortic diameters: comparison of different measurement methods.","volume":"29","author":"Rodr\u00edguez-Palomares","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Echocardiogr."},{"key":"B124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2017.06.061","article-title":"Aortic dilatation associated with bicuspid aortic valve: relation to sex, hemodynamics, and valve morphology (the national heart lung and blood institute-sponsored national registry of genetically triggered thoracic aortic aneurysms and cardiovascular conditions).","volume":"120","author":"Roman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"B125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1673","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.25305","article-title":"Efficient method for volumetric assessment of peak blood flow velocity using 4D flow MRI.","volume":"44","author":"Rose","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Magn. Reson. Imaging"},{"key":"B126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-012-2651-7","article-title":"Ascending aorta dilatation in patients with bicuspid aortic valve stenosis: a prospective CMR study.","volume":"23","author":"Rossi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. Radiol."},{"key":"B127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1093\/ejcts\/ezw277","article-title":"Fibrillin 2 is upregulated in the ascending aorta of patients with bicuspid aortic valve.","volume":"51","author":"Rueda-Mart\u00ednez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg."},{"key":"B128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S1773","DOI":"10.1016\/s0003-4975(02)04261-3","article-title":"Aortic complications after bicuspid aortic valve replacement: long-term results.","volume":"74","author":"Russo","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann. Thorac. Surg."},{"key":"B129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejcts.2004.02.028","article-title":"Structural and biomolecular changes in aorta and pulmonary trunk of patients with aortic aneurysm and valve disease: implications for the Ross procedure.","volume":"25","author":"Schmid","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg."},{"key":"B130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2017.11.006","article-title":"Inhibition of Marfan syndrome aortic root dilation by losartan: role of angiotensin II receptor type 1-independent activation of endothelial function.","volume":"188","author":"Sellers","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"B131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/hcy129","article-title":"Does statin therapy impact the proximal aortopathy in aortic valve disease?","volume":"111","author":"Sequeira Gross","year":"2018","journal-title":"Qjm"},{"key":"B132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2014.07.008","article-title":"Comparison of aortic root geometry with bicuspid versus tricuspid aortic valve: real-time three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiographic study.","volume":"27","author":"Shibayama","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Echocardiogr."},{"key":"B133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2007.01.039","article-title":"A classification system for the bicuspid aortic valve from 304 surgical specimens.","volume":"133","author":"Sievers","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg."},{"key":"B134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2789","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.12.068","article-title":"Bicuspid aortic valve disease.","volume":"55","author":"Siu","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"B135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/openhrt-2019-001095","article-title":"Determinants of aortic growth rate in patients with bicuspid aortic valve by cardiovascular magnetic resonance.","volume":"6","author":"Sophocleous","year":"2019","journal-title":"Open Heart"},{"key":"B136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20194782","article-title":"Strong signs for a weak wall in tricuspid aortic valve associated aneurysms and a role for osteopontin in bicuspid aortic valve associated aneurysms.","volume":"20","author":"Stern","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.22492","article-title":"Statin use and aneurysm risk in patients with bicuspid aortic valve disease.","volume":"39","author":"Taylor","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Cardiol."},{"key":"B138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1038\/ncpcardio1369","article-title":"Retrospective study to identify predictors of the presence and rapid progression of aortic dilatation in patients with bicuspid aortic valves.","volume":"5","author":"Thanassoulis","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Clin. Pract. Cardiovasc. Med."},{"key":"B139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9041124","article-title":"Marfan syndrome versus bicuspid aortic valve disease: comparative analysis of obstetric outcome and pregnancy-associated immediate and long-term aortic complications.","volume":"9","author":"Toprak","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"key":"B140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2019.02.001","article-title":"Two-dimensional imaging of a complex three-dimensional structure: measurements of aortic root dimensions.","volume":"32","author":"Tretter","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Echocardiogr."},{"key":"B141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.117.005959","article-title":"Aortic valve stenosis alters expression of regional aortic wall shear stress: new insights from a 4-dimensional flow magnetic resonance imaging study of 571 subjects.","volume":"6","author":"Van Ooij","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Am. Heart. Assoc."},{"key":"B142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1093\/ejcts\/ezv069","article-title":"Bicuspid aortic valve disease and ascending aortic aneurysm: should an aortic root replacement be mandatory?","volume":"49","author":"Vendramin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg."},{"key":"B143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1920","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1207059","article-title":"Aortic dilatation in patients with bicuspid aortic valve.","volume":"370","author":"Verma","year":"2014","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"B144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2018.08.004","article-title":"Implications of asymmetry and valvular morphotype on echocardiographic measurements of the aortic root in bicuspid aortic valve.","volume":"32","author":"Vis","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Echocardiogr."},{"key":"B145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0178729","article-title":"ADAMTS-1 in abdominal aortic aneurysm.","volume":"12","author":"Vorkapic","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7129","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1232341100","article-title":"Myocardin is a master regulator of smooth muscle gene expression.","volume":"100","author":"Wang","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"B147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jev151","article-title":"Aortic stiffness and left ventricular diastolic function in children with well-functioning bicuspid aortic valves.","volume":"17","author":"Weismann","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J. Cardiovasc. Imaging"},{"key":"B148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2103","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1511939","article-title":"A randomized trial of intensive versus standard blood-pressure control.","volume":"373","author":"Wright","year":"2015","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"B149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2965","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.04.027","article-title":"Progressive aortic dilation is regulated by mir-17-associated miRNAs.","volume":"67","author":"Wu","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"B150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"Ii291","DOI":"10.1161\/01.cir.0000087449.03964.fb","article-title":"Failure to prevent progressive dilation of ascending aorta by aortic valve replacement in patients with bicuspid aortic valve: comparison with tricuspid aortic valve.","volume":"108","author":"Yasuda","year":"2003","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"B151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tjog.2013.06.003","article-title":"Postpartum aortic dissection.","volume":"52","author":"Yuan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Taiwan J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"B152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-018-0863-8","article-title":"Predictors of aortic dilation in patients with coarctation of the aorta: evaluation with dual-source computed tomography.","volume":"18","author":"Zhao","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Cardiovasc. Disord."},{"key":"B153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1787","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-016-4559-0","article-title":"Non-contrast 3D black blood MRI for abdominal aortic aneurysm surveillance: comparison with CT angiography.","volume":"27","author":"Zhu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. Radiol."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Physiology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fphys.2021.615175\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,6]],"date-time":"2021-07-06T01:12:47Z","timestamp":1625533967000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fphys.2021.615175\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,6]]},"references-count":153,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fphys.2021.615175"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphys.2021.615175","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.740534881.793587601","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1664-042X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-042X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,6]]},"article-number":"615175"}}