{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T17:16:25Z","timestamp":1781716585082,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,8]],"date-time":"2021-11-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1636329600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018YFC1002105"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018YFC1002105"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Physiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>We aimed to investigate the relationship between testosterone (T) levels and pregnancy outcomes in patients with tubal or male infertility at different times during <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> fertilization (IVF)\/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles. Patients with tubal or male infertility and normal androgen levels undergoing IVF\/ICSI were consecutively recruited. We performed a longitudinal analysis of T levels at three time points (i.e., T0: baseline, T1: trigger day, and T2: day after the trigger day) in three groups with different pregnancy outcomes (i.e., group 1: no pregnancy; group 2: clinical pregnancy but no live birth; and group 3: live birth) as repeated measurement data using linear mixed-effects models. We also plotted fitted curves depicting the relationship between T levels and a number of oocytes retrieved at different time points and identified the inflection points of the curves. In total, 3,012 patients were recruited. Groups 1 and 3 had improvements in T levels at the three time points. After refitting, the slope in group 3 was significantly higher than that in group 1 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.000). Curves that reflected the association between T levels and numbers of retrieved oocytes presented an upward trend before a certain inflection point, after which the curves had no obvious changes or fell with increasing T levels. The inflection points for T0, T1, and T2 were calculated as 0.45, 0.94, and 1.09, respectively. A faster upward trend in T levels might be associated with better pregnancy outcomes. Within a range lower than a T level inflection point, more oocytes and embryos could be obtained with increasing T levels.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2021.696854","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,8]],"date-time":"2021-11-08T05:06:50Z","timestamp":1636348010000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["A Proper Increasing in the Testosterone Level May Be Associated With Better Pregnancy Outcomes for Patients With Tubal or Male Infertility During in vitro Fertilization\/Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Zhiyan","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Duoduo","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhengyi","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2004.07.956","article-title":"Association of body mass index, age, and cigarette smoking with serum testosterone levels in cycling women undergoing in vitro fertilization.","volume":"83","author":"Barbieri","year":"2005","journal-title":"Fertil. 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