{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T12:57:00Z","timestamp":1771678620070,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,8]],"date-time":"2021-12-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638921600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011912","name":"Taipei Veterans General Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011912","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Physiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cirrhotic cardiomyopathy (CMP) is associated with altered cardiac electrophysiological (EP) properties, which leads to the risk of ventricular arrhythmias (VAs). We aimed to evaluate the EP properties, autonomic, and structural remodeling in a rabbit model with early liver cirrhosis (LC). Twelve rabbits were assigned to the sham and LC groups. The early-stage LC was induced by the ligation of the common bile duct. All rabbits received an EP study, VA inducibility test, myocardial, and liver histology staining. Western blot analyses of protein expression and tyrosine hydroxylase stain for sympathetic nerves were performed. The effective refractory period the LC group was significantly longer than the sham group [i.e., left ventricle (LV) 205.56 \u00b1 40.30 vs. 131.36 \u00b1 7.94 ms; right ventricle (RV) 206.78 \u00b1 33.07 vs. 136.79 \u00b1 15.15 ms; left atrium (LA) 140.56 \u00b1 28.75 vs. 67.71 \u00b1 14.29 ms; and right atrium (RA) 133.78 \u00b1 40.58 vs. 65.43 \u00b1 19.49 ms, all <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.01], respectively. The VA inducibility was elevated in the LC group when compared with the sham group (i.e., 21.53 \u00b1 7.71 vs. 7.76 \u00b1 2.44%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.013). Sympathetic innervation (10<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\/\u03bcm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\/mm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>) was increased in all cardiac chambers of the LC group compared with the sham group (i.e., LV 9.11 \u00b1 4.86 vs. 0.17 \u00b1 0.15, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.01; RV 4.36 \u00b1 4.95 vs. 0.18 \u00b1 0.12, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.026; LA 6.79 \u00b1 1.02 vs. 0.44 \u00b1 0.20, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.018; and RA 15.18 \u00b1 5.12 vs. 0.10 \u00b1 0.07, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.014), respectively. Early LC is presented with an increased ventricular vulnerability, structural heterogeneity, and sympathetic innervation. Close monitoring for fatal arrhythmias is warranted in patients with early stages of LC.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2021.719883","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,8]],"date-time":"2021-12-08T05:46:32Z","timestamp":1638942392000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Evidence of Ventricular Arrhythmogenicity and Cardiac Sympathetic Hyperinnervation in Early Cirrhotic Cardiomyopathy"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Shin-Huei","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li-Wei","family":"Lo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu-Hui","family":"Chou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei-Lun","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tsung-Ying","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wen-Han","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yenn-Jiang","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shih-Lin","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu-Feng","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fa-Po","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hui-Chun","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shih-Ann","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/S1665-2681(19)31996-9","article-title":"Cirrhotic cardiomyopathy.","volume":"5","author":"Al Hamoudi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann. 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