{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T18:32:13Z","timestamp":1780597933953,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":143,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]],"date-time":"2021-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633046400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Physiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hypertension (HTN) affects more than one-third of the US population and remains the top risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Identifying the underlying mechanisms for developing HTN are of critical importance because the risk of developing CVD doubles with \u223c20 mmHg increase in systolic blood pressure (BP). Endothelial dysfunction, especially in the resistance arteries, is the primary site for initiation of sub-clinical HTN. Furthermore, inflammation and reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS\/RNS) not only influence the endothelium independently, but also have a synergistic influence on each other. Together, the interplay between inflammation, ROS and vascular dysfunction is referred to as the vascular health triad, and affects BP regulation in humans. While the interplay of the vascular health triad is well established, new underlying mechanistic targets are under investigation, including: Inducible nitric oxide synthase, hydrogen peroxide, hydrogen sulfide, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-\u03baB) and nuclear factor activated T cells. This review outlines the role of these<jats:italic>unusual suspects<\/jats:italic>in vascular health and function in humans. This review connects the dots using these<jats:italic>unusual suspects<\/jats:italic>underlying inflammation, ROS and vascular dysfunction especially in individuals at risk of or with diagnosed HTN based on novel studies performed in humans.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2021.746278","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]],"date-time":"2021-10-01T07:46:06Z","timestamp":1633074366000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Vascular Health Triad in Humans With Hypertension\u2014Not the Usual Suspects"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Sushant M.","family":"Ranadive","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabrielle A.","family":"Dillon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara E.","family":"Mascone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lacy M.","family":"Alexander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2003.10.042","article-title":"iNOS-mediated nitric oxide production and its regulation.","volume":"75","author":"Aktan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R164","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00448.2012","article-title":"Tetrahydrobiopterin increases NO-dependent vasodilation in hypercholesterolemic human skin through eNOS-coupling mechanisms.","volume":"304","author":"Alexander","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. 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