{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T04:19:45Z","timestamp":1789877985170,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":107,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,7]],"date-time":"2021-12-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638835200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Physiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Duchenne muscular dystrophy is caused by the absence of the protein dystrophin from skeletal muscle and is characterized by progressive cycles of necrosis\/regeneration. Using the dystrophin deficient\n                    <jats:italic>mdx<\/jats:italic>\n                    mouse model, we studied the morphological and contractile chronology of dystrophic skeletal muscle pathology in fast-twitch Extensor Digitorum Longus muscles from animals 4\u201322 months of age containing 100% regenerated muscle fibers. Catastrophically, the older age groups lost \u223c80% of their maximum force after one eccentric contraction (EC) of 20% strain with the greatest loss of \u223c92% recorded in senescent 22-month-old\n                    <jats:italic>mdx<\/jats:italic>\n                    mice. In old age groups, there was minimal force recovery \u223c24% after 120 min, correlated with a dramatic increase in the number and complexity of branched fibers. This data supports our two-phase model where a \u201ctipping point\u201d is reached when branched fibers rupture irrevocably on EC. These findings have important implications for pre-clinical drug studies and genetic rescue strategies.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2021.771499","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,7]],"date-time":"2021-12-07T09:29:18Z","timestamp":1638869358000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Lifespan Analysis of Dystrophic mdx Fast-Twitch Muscle Morphology and Its Impact on Contractile Function"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Leonit","family":"Kiriaev","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sindy","family":"Kueh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John W.","family":"Morley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathryn N.","family":"North","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter J.","family":"Houweling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stewart I.","family":"Head","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nmd.2013.06.369","article-title":"194th ENMC international workshop. 3rd ENMC workshop on exon skipping: towards clinical application of antisense-mediated exon skipping for Duchenne muscular dystrophy 8\u201310 December 2012, Naarden, The Netherlands.","volume":"23","author":"Aartsma-Rus","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuromusc. 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