{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T01:07:51Z","timestamp":1792285671787,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":174,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,22]],"date-time":"2021-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640131200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009543","name":"Pontificia Universidad Javeriana","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20265"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20265"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009543","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Physiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hypoxia is a condition characterized by a reduction of cellular oxygen levels derived from alterations in oxygen balance. Hypoxic events trigger changes in cell-signaling cascades, oxidative stress, activation of pro-inflammatory molecules, and growth factors, influencing the activity of various ion channel families and leading to diverse cardiovascular diseases such as myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, and hypertension. The large-conductance, calcium and voltage-activated potassium channel (BK) has a central role in the mechanism of oxygen (O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) sensing and its activity has been related to the hypoxic response. BK channels are ubiquitously expressed, and they are composed by the pore-forming \u03b1 subunit and the regulatory subunits \u03b2 (\u03b21\u2013\u03b24), \u03b3 (\u03b31\u2013\u03b34), and LINGO1. The modification of biophysical properties of BK channels by \u03b2 subunits underly a myriad of physiological function of these proteins. Hypoxia induces tissue-specific modifications of BK channel \u03b1 and \u03b2 subunits expression. Moreover, hypoxia modifies channel activation kinetics and voltage and\/or calcium dependence. The reported effects on the BK channel properties are associated with events such as the increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, increases of intracellular Calcium ([Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>]<jats:sub>i<\/jats:sub>), the regulation by Hypoxia-inducible factor 1\u03b1 (HIF-1\u03b1), and the interaction with hemeproteins. Bronchial asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD), and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), among others, can provoke hypoxia. Untreated OSA patients showed a decrease in BK-\u03b21 subunit mRNA levels and high arterial tension. Treatment with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) upregulated \u03b21 subunit mRNA level, decreased arterial pressures, and improved endothelial function coupled with a reduction in morbidity and mortality associated with OSA. These reports suggest that the BK channel has a role in the response involved in hypoxia-associated hypertension derived from OSA. Thus, this review aims to describe the mechanisms involved in the BK channel activation after a hypoxic stimulus and their relationship with disorders like OSA. A deep understanding of the molecular mechanism involved in hypoxic response may help in the therapeutic approaches to treat the pathological processes associated with diseases involving cellular hypoxia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2021.780206","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,22]],"date-time":"2021-12-22T05:42:24Z","timestamp":1640151744000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Hypoxic Regulation of the Large-Conductance, Calcium and Voltage-Activated Potassium Channel, BK"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Sara V.","family":"Ochoa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liliana","family":"Otero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andres Felipe","family":"Aristizabal-Pachon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"Hinostroza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ingrid","family":"Carvacho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yolima P.","family":"Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19020366","article-title":"Mechanisms of cardiovascular protection associated with intermittent hypobaric hypoxia exposure in a rat model: role of oxidative stress.","volume":"19","author":"Aguilar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. 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