{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T23:01:01Z","timestamp":1778799661253,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":257,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,21]],"date-time":"2022-02-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645401600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HL138410"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HL138410"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HL135584"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HL135584"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HL160014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HL160014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HL147550"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HL147550"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HL116976"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HL116976"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HL139562"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HL139562"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000738","name":"U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000738","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Physiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Alveolar-capillary leak is a hallmark of the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), a potentially lethal complication of severe sepsis, trauma and pneumonia, including COVID-19. Apart from barrier dysfunction, ARDS is characterized by hyper-inflammation and impaired alveolar fluid clearance (AFC), which foster the development of pulmonary permeability edema and hamper gas exchange. Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) is an evolutionarily conserved pleiotropic cytokine, involved in host immune defense against pathogens and cancer. TNF exists in both membrane-bound and soluble form and its mainly -but not exclusively- pro-inflammatory and cytolytic actions are mediated by partially overlapping TNFR1 and TNFR2 binding sites situated at the interface between neighboring subunits in the homo-trimer. Whereas TNFR1 signaling can mediate hyper-inflammation and impaired barrier function and AFC in the lungs, ligand stimulation of TNFR2 can protect from ventilation-induced lung injury. Spatially distinct from the TNFR binding sites, TNF harbors within its structure a lectin-like domain that rather protects lung function in ARDS. The lectin-like domain of TNF -mimicked by the 17 residue TIP peptide- represents a physiological mediator of alveolar-capillary barrier protection. and increases AFC in both hydrostatic and permeability pulmonary edema animal models. The TIP peptide directly activates the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) -a key mediator of fluid and blood pressure control- upon binding to its \u03b1 subunit, which is also a part of the non-selective cation channel (NSC). Activity of the lectin-like domain of TNF is preserved in complexes between TNF and its soluble TNFRs and can be physiologically relevant in pneumonia. Antibody- and soluble TNFR-based therapeutic strategies show considerable success in diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis and inflammatory bowel disease, but their chronic use can increase susceptibility to infection. Since the lectin-like domain of TNF does not interfere with TNF\u2019s anti-bacterial actions, while exerting protective actions in the alveolar-capillary compartments, it is currently evaluated in clinical trials in ARDS and COVID-19. A more comprehensive knowledge of the precise role of the TNFR binding sites versus the lectin-like domain of TNF in lung injury, tissue hypoxia, repair and remodeling may foster the development of novel therapeutics for ARDS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2021.793251","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,21]],"date-time":"2022-02-21T11:07:36Z","timestamp":1645441656000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Dichotomous Role of Tumor Necrosis Factor in Pulmonary Barrier Function and Alveolar Fluid Clearance"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Rudolf","family":"Lucas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yalda","family":"Hadizamani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Perenlei","family":"Enkhbaatar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gabor","family":"Csanyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert W.","family":"Caldwell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Harald","family":"Hundsberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Supriya","family":"Sridhar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alice Ann","family":"Lever","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"Hudel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dipankar","family":"Ash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masuko","family":"Ushio-Fukai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tohru","family":"Fukai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Trinad","family":"Chakraborty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Verin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Douglas C.","family":"Eaton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maritza","family":"Romero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J\u00fcrg","family":"Hamacher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)60602-2","article-title":"Double-blind randomised controlled trial of monoclonal antibody to human tumour necrosis factor in treatment of septic shock. NORASEPT II Study Group","volume":"351","author":"Abraham","year":"1998","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1531","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1997.03540430043031","article-title":"p55 Tumor necrosis factor receptor fusion protein in the treatment of patients with severe sepsis and septic shock. A randomized controlled multicenter trial. Ro 45-2081 Study Group","volume":"277","author":"Abraham","year":"1997","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-200103000-00006","article-title":"Lenercept (p55 tumor necrosis factor receptor fusion protein) in severe sepsis and early septic shock: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter phase III trial with 1,342 patients.","volume":"29","author":"Abraham","year":"2001","journal-title":"Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1995.03520360048038","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of monoclonal antibody to human tumor necrosis factor alpha in patients with sepsis syndrome: a randomized, controlled, double-blind, multicenter clinical trial. TNF-alpha MAb sepsis study group.","volume":"273","author":"Abraham","year":"1995","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2015432","article-title":"Pulmonary Vascular Endothelialitis, Thrombosis, and Angiogenesis in Covid-19.","volume":"383","author":"Ackermann","year":"2020","journal-title":"New Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.175.2.323","article-title":"Stabilization of the bioactivity of tumor necrosis factor by its soluble receptors.","volume":"175","author":"Aderka","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2017.09.021","article-title":"Treatment of primary graft dysfunction after lung transplantation with orally inhaled AP301: A prospective, randomized pilot study.","volume":"2017","author":"Aigner","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Heart Lung. Transplant"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1007\/s10156-013-0612-y","article-title":"A phase II study of polyclonal anti-TNF-\u03b1 (AZD9773) in Japanese patients with severe sepsis and\/or septic shock.","volume":"19","author":"Aikawa","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Infect. Chemother."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"F800","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00703.2011","article-title":"Phosphatidylinositol phosphate-dependent regulation of Xenopus ENaC by MARCKS protein.","volume":"303","author":"Alli","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Phys. Renal Physiol."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"F456","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00631.2014","article-title":"Calmodulin and CaMKII modulate ENaC activity by regulating the association of MARCKS and the cytoskeleton with the apical membrane.","volume":"309","author":"Alli","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Phys. Renal Phys."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199802053380602","article-title":"Effect of a protective-ventilation strategy on mortality in the acute respiratory distress syndrome.","volume":"338","author":"Amato","year":"1998","journal-title":"New Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/s0014-5793(98)01031-x","article-title":"TNF-alpha converting enzyme (TACE) is inhibited by TIMP-3.","volume":"435","author":"Amour","year":"1998","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"L1232","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00109.2006","article-title":"TNF-alpha increases tyrosine phosphorylation of vascular endothelial cadherin and opens the paracellular pathway through fyn activation in human lung endothelia.","volume":"291","author":"Angelini","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mole. Phys."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7958","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.RA120.012606","article-title":"Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate directly interacts with the \u03b2 and \u03b3 subunits of the sodium channel ENaC.","volume":"295","author":"Archer","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10040783","article-title":"The Rheumatology Drugs for COVID-19 Management: Which and When?","volume":"10","author":"Atzeni","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"F1178","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00153.2007","article-title":"Ceramide mediates inhibition of the renal epithelial sodium channel by tumor necrosis factor-alpha through protein kinase C.","volume":"293","author":"Bao","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Phys. Renal Phys."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.0291","article-title":"Epidemiology, Patterns of Care, and Mortality for Patients With Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Intensive Care Units in 50 Countries.","volume":"315","author":"Bellani","year":"2016","journal-title":"Jama"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"L781","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00326.2010","article-title":"Characterization of TNF receptor subtype expression and signaling on pulmonary endothelial cells in mice.","volume":"300","author":"Bertok","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Phys. Lung Cell. Mole Phys."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2011-200590","article-title":"Selective inhibition of intra-alveolar p55 TNF receptor attenuates ventilator-induced lung injury.","volume":"67","author":"Bertok","year":"2012","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1038\/23164","article-title":"Convergent evolution of cytokines.","volume":"400","author":"Beschin","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-18670-7_6","article-title":"Functional convergence of invertebrate and vertebrate cytokine-like molecules based on a similar lectin-like activity.","volume":"34","author":"Beschin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Prog. Mol. Subcell Biol."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1038\/ng0904-934","article-title":"TIMP3 checks inflammation.","volume":"36","author":"Black","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/s0968-0004(01)01995-8","article-title":"The molecular architecture of the TNF superfamily.","volume":"27","author":"Bodmer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Trends Biochem. Sci."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"L3","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.2000.278.1.L3","article-title":"TNF-alpha stimulates alveolar liquid clearance during intestinal ischemia-reperfusion in rats.","volume":"278","author":"B\u00f6rjesson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mole. Physiol."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3402","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.175.5.3402","article-title":"Dichotomal role of TNF in experimental pulmonary edema reabsorption.","volume":"175","author":"Braun","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3834","article-title":"Regulation of tumour necrosis factor signalling: live or let die.","volume":"15","author":"Brenner","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/358630a0","article-title":"Coley\u2019s vaccine and TNF therapy.","volume":"358","author":"Brouckaert","year":"1992","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.1996.tb16017.x","article-title":"Tumour necrosis factor-alpha-induced ICAM-1 expression in human vascular endothelial and lung epithelial cells: modulation by tyrosine kinase inhibitors.","volume":"119","author":"Burke-Gaffney","year":"1996","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13394","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1821401116","article-title":"PFKFB3-mediated endothelial glycolysis promotes pulmonary hypertension.","volume":"116","author":"Cao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3666","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.72.9.3666","article-title":"An endotoxin-induced serum factor that causes necrosis of tumors.","volume":"72","author":"Carswell","year":"1975","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-199012000-00007","article-title":"Evidence for tumor necrosis factor-induced pulmonary microvascular injury after intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury.","volume":"212","author":"Caty","year":"1990","journal-title":"Ann. Surg."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.2011.01584.x","article-title":"Oxidative species increase arginase activity in endothelial cells through the RhoA\/Rho kinase pathway.","volume":"165","author":"Chandra","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1042\/cs20140622","article-title":"Rosuvastatin improves hepatopulmonary syndrome through inhibition of inflammatory angiogenesis of lung.","volume":"129","author":"Chang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Sci."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2016.01.007","article-title":"Dysregulated Type I Interferon and Inflammatory Monocyte-Macrophage Responses Cause Lethal Pneumonia in SARS-CoV-Infected Mice.","volume":"19","author":"Channappanavar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2013.5624","article-title":"Mechanotransduction in the endothelium: role of membrane proteins and reactive oxygen species in sensing, transduction, and transmission of the signal with altered blood flow.","volume":"20","author":"Chatterjee","year":"2014","journal-title":"Antioxid. Redox Signal."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"H1451","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00105.2015","article-title":"Mechanosignaling in the vasculature: emerging concepts in sensing, transduction and physiological responses.","volume":"308","author":"Chatterjee","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Phys. Heart Circul. Phys."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1071924","article-title":"TNF-R1 Signaling: A Beautiful Pathway.","volume":"296","author":"Chen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep14780","article-title":"Copper Transport Protein Antioxidant-1 Promotes Inflammatory Neovascularization via Chaperone and Transcription Factor Function.","volume":"5","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.034","article-title":"Shear stress preconditioning modulates endothelial susceptibility to circulating TNF-alpha and monocytic cell recruitment in a simplified model of arterial bifurcations.","volume":"207","author":"Cicha","year":"2009","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1650","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-199810000-00016","article-title":"Effect of a chimeric antibody to tumor necrosis factor-alpha on cytokine and physiologic responses in patients with severe sepsis\u2013a randomized, clinical trial.","volume":"26","author":"Clark","year":"1998","journal-title":"Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(96)00690-4","article-title":"Synergistic induction of endothelial tissue factor by tumor necrosis factor and vascular endothelial growth factor: functional analysis of the tumor necrosis factor receptors.","volume":"390","author":"Clauss","year":"1996","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1431","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-199609000-00002","article-title":"INTERSEPT: an international, multicenter, placebocontrolled trial of monoclonal antibody to human tumor necrosis factor-alpha in patients with sepsis. International sepsis trial study group.","volume":"24","author":"Cohen","year":"1996","journal-title":"Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"B43","first-page":"1","article-title":"The Treatment of Inoperable Sarcoma by Bacterial Toxins (the Mixed Toxins of the Streptococcus erysipelas and the Bacillus prodigiosus).","volume":"3","author":"Coley","year":"1910","journal-title":"Proc. R. Soc. Med."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd.2015.6","article-title":"Regulated necrosis: disease relevance and therapeutic opportunities.","volume":"15","author":"Conrad","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Dis."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201405-0833OC","article-title":"A novel tumor necrosis factor-mediated mechanism of direct epithelial sodium channel activation.","volume":"190","author":"Czikora","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Respirat. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.00842","article-title":"Epithelial Sodium Channel-alpha Mediates the Protective Effect of the TNF-Derived TIP Peptide in Pneumolysin-Induced Endothelial Barrier Dysfunction.","volume":"8","author":"Czikora","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.abj7790","article-title":"Lung epithelial and endothelial damage, loss of tissue repair, inhibition of fibrinolysis, and cellular senescence in fatal COVID-19","volume":"13","author":"D\u2019Agnillo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"L301","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00326.2002","article-title":"Downregulation of ENaC activity and expression by TNF-alpha in alveolar epithelial cells.","volume":"286","author":"Dagenais","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mole. Physiol."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"C1161","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00264.2019","article-title":"Novel interaction of antioxidant-1 with TRAF4: role in inflammatory responses in endothelial cells.","volume":"317","author":"Das","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"988","DOI":"10.1086\/319257","article-title":"Human macrophage tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha production induced by Trypanosoma brucei gambiense and the role of TNF-alpha in parasite control.","volume":"183","author":"Daulou\u00e8de","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Infect Dis."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1636","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-1051-9","article-title":"An inflammatory cytokine signature predicts COVID-19 severity and survival.","volume":"26","author":"Del Valle","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-52900-4","article-title":"Blocking connexin43 hemichannels protects mice against tumour necrosis factor-induced inflammatory shock.","volume":"9","author":"Delvaeye","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1159\/000332337","article-title":"Inhibition of protein kinase C \u03b2(2) prevents tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1-induced apoptosis and oxidative stress in endothelial cells: the role of NADPH oxidase subunits.","volume":"49","author":"Deng","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Vasc. Res."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1461","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-199509000-00004","article-title":"CDP571, a humanized antibody to human tumor necrosis factor-alpha: safety, pharmacokinetics, immune response, and influence of the antibody on cytokine concentrations in patients with septic shock. CPD571 sepsis study group.","volume":"23","author":"Dhainaut","year":"1995","journal-title":"Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5541","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.115972","article-title":"eNOS-derived nitric oxide regulates endothelial barrier function through VE-cadherin and Rho GTPases.","volume":"126","author":"Di Lorenzo","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1549-8719.2001.tb00159.x","article-title":"Mechanisms of leukocyte sequestration in inflamed lungs.","volume":"8","author":"Doerschuk","year":"2001","journal-title":"Microcirculation"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2014.06.012","article-title":"Endothelial NADPH oxidases: which NOX to target in vascular disease?","volume":"25","author":"Drummond","year":"2014","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.7499\/j.issn.1008-8830.2007212","article-title":"A retrospective analysis of medication in children with SARS-CoV-2 infection in Wuhan.","volume":"23","author":"Du","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chinese J. Contemp. Pediat."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1513\/pats.2306008","article-title":"Regulation of Na+ channels in lung alveolar type II epithelial cells.","volume":"1","author":"Eaton","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc. Am. Thorac. Soc."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2020.00872","article-title":"Pathways in the Pathophysiology of Coronavirus 19 Lung Disease Accessible to Prevention and Treatment.","volume":"11","author":"Eisenhut","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200206-618OC","article-title":"Functional identification of the alveolar edema reabsorption activity of murine tumor necrosis factor-alpha.","volume":"168","author":"Elia","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1016\/s1286-4579(99)80513-9","article-title":"Role of ICAM-1 (CD54) in the development of murine cerebral malaria.","volume":"1","author":"Favre","year":"1999","journal-title":"Microb. Infect."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1407","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30858-8","article-title":"Trials of anti-tumour necrosis factor therapy for COVID-19 are urgently needed.","volume":"395","author":"Feldmann","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1697","DOI":"10.1056\/nejm199606273342603","article-title":"Treatment of septic shock with the tumor necrosis factor receptor:Fc fusion protein. The soluble TNF receptor sepsis study group.","volume":"334","author":"Fisher","year":"1996","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2020.00401","article-title":"Selective Targeting of TNF Receptors as a Novel Therapeutic Approach.","volume":"8","author":"Fischer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-199303000-00006","article-title":"Influence of an anti-tumor necrosis factor monoclonal antibody on cytokine levels in patients with sepsis. The CB0006 sepsis syndrome study group.","volume":"21","author":"Fisher","year":"1993","journal-title":"Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4417","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/13.12.4417","article-title":"Molecular cloning of mouse tumour necrosis factor cDNA and its eukaryotic expression.","volume":"13","author":"Fransen","year":"1985","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16128","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M508810200","article-title":"Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase gamma signaling through protein kinase Czeta induces NADPH oxidase-mediated oxidant generation and NF-kappaB activation in endothelial cells.","volume":"281","author":"Frey","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"L1258","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.2001.280.6.L1258","article-title":"Mechanisms of TNF-alpha stimulation of amiloride-sensitive sodium transport across alveolar epithelium.","volume":"280","author":"Fukuda","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mole. Physiol."},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.1007\/s001340100973","article-title":"A multicenter, open-label, prospective, randomized, dose-ranging pharmacokinetic study of the anti-TNF-alpha antibody afelimomab in patients with sepsis syndrome.","volume":"27","author":"Gallagher","year":"2001","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med."},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1002\/jcph.1644","article-title":"Severe Acute Lung Injury Related to COVID-19 Infection: A Review and the Possible Role for Escin.","volume":"60","author":"Gallelli","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clin. Pharm."},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1269","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.107.142521","article-title":"TNF-alpha contributes to endothelial dysfunction by upregulating arginase in ischemia\/reperfusion injury.","volume":"27","author":"Gao","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/s1473-3099(03)00545-0","article-title":"Anti-tumour necrosis factor agents and tuberculosis risk: mechanisms of action and clinical management.","volume":"3","author":"Gardam","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.107.148270","article-title":"Flow antagonizes TNF-alpha signaling in endothelial cells by inhibiting caspase-dependent PKC zeta processing.","volume":"101","author":"Garin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Circul. Res."},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"L37","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00116.2003","article-title":"NAD(P)H oxidase mediates the endothelial barrier dysfunction induced by TNF-alpha.","volume":"286","author":"Gertzberg","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mole. Phys."},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-020-02880-z","article-title":"COVID-19 pneumonia: ARDS or not?","volume":"24","author":"Gattinoni","year":"2020","journal-title":"Crit. Care"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1456","DOI":"10.1161\/circresaha.120.317015","article-title":"Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2: SARS-CoV-2 Receptor and Regulator of the Renin-Angiotensin System: Celebrating the 20th Anniversary of the Discovery of ACE2.","volume":"126","author":"Gheblawi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circul. Res."},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"C894","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.1993.264.4.C894","article-title":"TNF-alpha induces endothelial cell F-actin depolymerization, new actin synthesis, and barrier dysfunction.","author":"Goldblum","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms12196","article-title":"Crystal structure of mammalian acid sphingomyelinase.","volume":"7","author":"Gorelik","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Comm."},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200402-146OC","article-title":"Importance of tumor necrosis factor-alpha cleavage process in post-transplantation lung injury in rats.","volume":"170","author":"Goto","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"B81","first-page":"761","article-title":"Phenotypic and functional analysis of pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells from patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome.","volume":"74","author":"Grau","year":"1996","journal-title":"Lab. Investig."},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(95)90192-2","article-title":"The transmembrane form of tumor necrosis factor is the prime activating ligand of the 80 kDa tumor necrosis factor receptor.","volume":"83","author":"Grell","year":"1995","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.621441","article-title":"Cytokine Signature Induced by SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein in a Mouse Model.","volume":"11","author":"Gu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2159","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1214103","article-title":"Prone positioning in severe acute respiratory distress syndrome.","volume":"368","author":"Gu\u00e9rin","year":"2013","journal-title":"New Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7809","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0711241105","article-title":"Modulation of TNF-alpha-converting enzyme by the spike protein of SARS-CoV and ACE2 induces TNF-alpha production and facilitates viral entry.","volume":"105","author":"Haga","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A."},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1831","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.186.11.1831","article-title":"Lipopolysaccharide induces disseminated endothelial apoptosis requiring ceramide generation.","volume":"186","author":"Haimovitz-Friedman","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"B87","article-title":"Cytokine\u2013Ion Channel Interactions in Pulmonary Inflammation.","volume":"2018","author":"Hamacher","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Imm."},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.2109004","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor-alpha and angiostatin are mediators of endothelial cytotoxicity in bronchoalveolar lavages of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome.","volume":"166","author":"Hamacher","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e3181cdf725","article-title":"The lectin-like domain of tumor necrosis factor improves lung function after rat lung transplantation\u2013potential role for a reduction in reactive oxygen species generation.","volume":"38","author":"Hamacher","year":"2010","journal-title":"Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"665.e","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2013.03.005","article-title":"TNF-\u03b1-mediated bronchial barrier disruption and regulation by src-family kinase activation.","volume":"132","author":"Hardyman","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMe2018629","article-title":"Covid-19, Angiogenesis, and ARDS Endotypes.","volume":"383","author":"Hariri","year":"2020","journal-title":"New Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1111\/aas.12034","article-title":"An inhaled tumor necrosis factor-alpha-derived TIP peptide improves the pulmonary function in experimental lung injury.","volume":"57","author":"Hartmann","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol. Scand."},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-015-0002-6","article-title":"Inhalation therapy with the synthetic TIP-like peptide AP318 attenuates pulmonary inflammation in a porcine sepsis model.","volume":"15","author":"Hartmann","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Pulm. Med."},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8021","DOI":"10.1021\/jm100767p","article-title":"Essential structural features of TNF-\u03b1 lectin-like domain derived peptides for activation of amiloride-sensitive sodium current in A549 cells.","volume":"53","author":"Hazemi","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1479","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3498215","article-title":"Uromodulin (Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein): a renal ligand for lymphokines.","volume":"237","author":"Hession","year":"1987","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1991.70.3.1121","article-title":"Dextran sulfate inhibits PMN-dependent hydrostatic pulmonary edema induced by tumor necrosis factor.","volume":"70","author":"Hocking","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1161\/01.res.67.1.68","article-title":"Mechanisms of pulmonary edema induced by tumor necrosis factor-alpha.","volume":"67","author":"Hocking","year":"1990","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271.e","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.02.052","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 Cell Entry Depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and Is Blocked by a Clinically Proven Protease Inhibitor.","volume":"181","author":"Hoffmann","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"H1161","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.1993.264.4.H1161","article-title":"TNF-alpha release in endotoxemia contributes to neutrophil-dependent pulmonary edema.","author":"Horgan","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keq031","article-title":"Transmembrane TNF-alpha: structure, function and interaction with anti-TNF agents.","volume":"49","author":"Horiuchi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1177\/1740774520943846","article-title":"Anti-thrombotic therapy to ameliorate complications of COVID-19 (ATTACC): study design and methodology for an international, adaptive Bayesian randomized controlled trial","volume":"17","author":"Houston","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Trials"},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3105","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1521-4141(199910)29:10<3105::AID-IMMU3105>3.0.CO;2-A","article-title":"The lectin-like domain of tumor necrosis factor-alpha increases membrane conductance in microvascular endothelial cells and peritoneal macrophages.","volume":"29","author":"Hribar","year":"1999","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1038\/ng0396-325","article-title":"Early death due to defective neonatal lung liquid clearance in alpha-ENaC-deficient mice.","volume":"12","author":"Hummler","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1999.87.2.510","article-title":"Intratracheal anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha antibody attenuates ventilator-induced lung injury in rabbits.","volume":"87","author":"Imai","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102567","article-title":"Should we stimulate or suppress immune responses in COVID-19? Cytokine and anti-cytokine interventions.","volume":"19","author":"Jamilloux","year":"2020","journal-title":"Autoimmun. Rev."},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.4266\/acc.2019.00507","article-title":"The effects of BMS-470539 on lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury.","volume":"34","author":"Jang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acute Crit. Care"},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"L1013","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00206.2012","article-title":"\u03b4 ENaC: a novel divergent amiloride-inhibitable sodium channel.","volume":"303","author":"Ji","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mole. Physiol."},{"key":"B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4964","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0600855103","article-title":"Functional ion channels in pulmonary alveolar type I cells support a role for type I cells in lung ion transport.","volume":"103","author":"Johnson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A."},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1966","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.042689399","article-title":"Alveolar epithelial type I cells contain transport proteins and transport sodium, supporting an active role for type I cells in regulation of lung liquid homeostasis.","volume":"99","author":"Johnson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A."},{"key":"B110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1098","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa011110","article-title":"Tuberculosis associated with infliximab, a tumor necrosis factor alpha-neutralizing agent.","volume":"345","author":"Keane","year":"2001","journal-title":"New Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"B111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.3858\/emm.2008.40.2.167","article-title":"TNF-alpha-induced up-regulation of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 is regulated by a Rac-ROS-dependent cascade in human airway epithelial cells.","volume":"40","author":"Kim","year":"2008","journal-title":"Exp. Mole. Med."},{"key":"B112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"C150","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00418.2019","article-title":"Regulating ENaC\u2019s gate.","volume":"318","author":"Kleyman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol."},{"key":"B113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1007\/bf01487039","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor induced acute lung leak in rats: less than with interleukin-1.","volume":"20","author":"Koh","year":"1996","journal-title":"Inflammation"},{"key":"B114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1218","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.176.2.1218","article-title":"Ezrin\/radixin\/moesin proteins are phosphorylated by TNF-alpha and modulate permeability increases in human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells.","volume":"176","author":"Koss","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"B115","article-title":"Oral inhalation of AP301 peptide activates pulmonary oedema clearance: initial results from a phase IIa clinical trial in mechanically ventilated ICU patients.","author":"Krenn","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"B116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-017-1795-x","article-title":"Inhaled AP301 for treatment of pulmonary edema in mechanically ventilated patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome: a phase IIa randomized placebo-controlled trial.","volume":"21","author":"Krenn","year":"2017","journal-title":"Crit. Care"},{"key":"B117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(88)90486-2","article-title":"A novel form of TNF\/cachectin is a cell surface cytotoxic transmembrane protein: ramifications for the complex physiology of TNF.","volume":"53","author":"Kriegler","year":"1988","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.23812\/20-Editorial-Kritas","article-title":"Mast cells contribute to coronavirus-induced inflammation: new anti-inflammatory strategy.","volume":"34","author":"Kritas","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Biol. Regul. Homeost. Agents"},{"key":"B119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"L398","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.1994.267.4.L398","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor-induced interleukin-8 expression in cultured human airway epithelial cells.","volume":"267","author":"Kwon","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"B120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1900083","article-title":"USP19 Inhibits TNF-\u03b1- and IL-1\u03b2-Triggered NF-\u03baB Activation by Deubiquitinating TAK1.","volume":"203","author":"Lei","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Imm."},{"key":"B121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-4608(89)90205-7","article-title":"Efficiency of recombinant human TNF in human cancer therapy.","volume":"6","author":"Lejeune","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cancer Immun."},{"key":"B122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2020.102925","article-title":"Vascular occlusion by neutrophil extracellular traps in COVID-19","volume":"58","author":"Leppkes","year":"2020","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"B123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2018.01.017","article-title":"Sodium butyrate alleviates LPS-induced acute lung injury in mice via inhibiting HMGB1 release.","volume":"56","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Internat. Imm."},{"key":"B124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1038\/416345a","article-title":"TNF-RII and c-IAP1 mediate ubiquitination and degradation of TRAF2.","volume":"416","author":"Li","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1165\/ajrcmb.13.2.7626286","article-title":"The role of tumor necrosis factor in increased airspace epithelial permeability in acute lung inflammation.","volume":"13","author":"Li","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol."},{"key":"B126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3038","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaa623","article-title":"COVID-19 is, in the end, an endothelial disease.","volume":"41","author":"Libby","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"B127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3801","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0903191","article-title":"Febrile-range hyperthermia augments lipopolysaccharide-induced lung injury by a mechanism of enhanced alveolar epithelial apoptosis.","volume":"184","author":"Lipke","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Imm."},{"key":"B128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2020.107020","article-title":"Emodin improves alveolar hypercoagulation and inhibits pulmonary inflammation in LPS-provoked ARDS in mice via NF-\u03baB inactivation.","volume":"88","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Intern. Imm."},{"key":"B129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/8414062","article-title":"Baicalin Liposome Alleviates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Injury in Mice via Inhibiting TLR4\/JNK\/ERK\/NF-\u03baB Pathway.","volume":"2020","author":"Long","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med. Inflamm."},{"key":"B130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI115681","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor mediates experimental pulmonary edema by ICAM-1 and CD18-dependent mechanisms.","volume":"89","author":"Lo","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"B131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.14.4.810-820.2001","article-title":"Pathogenesis of cerebral malaria: recent experimental data and possible applications for humans.","volume":"14","author":"Lou","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin. Microb. Rev."},{"key":"B132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2013.00228","article-title":"Arginase 1: an unexpected mediator of pulmonary capillary barrier dysfunction in models of acute lung injury.","volume":"4","author":"Lucas","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front Immunol."},{"key":"B133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2006","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.65.6.2006-2010.1997","article-title":"Generation of a mouse tumor necrosis factor mutant with antiperitonitis and desensitization activities comparable to those of the wild type but with reduced systemic toxicity.","volume":"65","author":"Lucas","year":"","journal-title":"Infect Immun."},{"key":"B134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3577","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1521-4141(199811)28:11<3577::AID-IMMU3577>3.0.CO;2-#","article-title":"Both TNF receptors are required for direct TNF-mediated cytotoxicity in microvascular endothelial cells.","volume":"28","author":"Lucas","year":"1998","journal-title":"Eur. J. Imm."},{"key":"B135","first-page":"218","article-title":"Generation and characterization of a neutralizing rat anti-rmTNF-alpha monoclonal antibody.","volume":"71","author":"Lucas","year":"1990","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"B136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1719","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830270719","article-title":"Crucial role of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor 2 and membrane-bound TNF in experimental cerebral malaria.","volume":"27","author":"Lucas","year":"","journal-title":"Eur. J. Imm."},{"key":"B137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1002\/jlb.61.5.551","article-title":"TNF receptors in the microvascular pathology of acute respiratory distress syndrome and cerebral malaria.","volume":"61","author":"Lucas","year":"","journal-title":"J. Leukocyte Biol."},{"key":"B138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8303299","article-title":"Mapping the lectin-like activity of tumor necrosis factor.","volume":"263","author":"Lucas","year":"1994","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2084","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1121075109","article-title":"Agonist of growth hormone-releasing hormone reduces pneumolysin-induced pulmonary permeability edema.","volume":"109","author":"Lucas","year":"","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A."},{"key":"B140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2011-0332OC","article-title":"Protein kinase C-\u03b1 and arginase I mediate pneumolysin-induced pulmonary endothelial hyperpermeability.","volume":"47","author":"Lucas","year":"","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Cell Mole. Biol."},{"key":"B141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23440","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M116.718163","article-title":"The Lectin-like Domain of TNF Increases ENaC Open Probability through a Novel Site at the Interface between the Second Transmembrane and C-terminal Domains of the \u03b1-Subunit.","volume":"291","author":"Lucas","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"B142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1359","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2018.12.022","article-title":"The TNF-derived TIP peptide activates the epithelial sodium channel and ameliorates experimental nephrotoxic serum nephritis.","volume":"95","author":"Madaio","year":"2019","journal-title":"Kidney Internat."},{"key":"B143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.137.3.715","article-title":"Specific uptake of tumor necrosis factor-alpha is involved in growth control of Trypanosoma brucei.","volume":"137","author":"Magez","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"B144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12929-017-0398-9","article-title":"Preclinical and clinical aspects of TNF-\u03b1 and its receptors TNFR1 and TNFR2 in breast cancer.","volume":"24","author":"Mart\u00ednez-Reza","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Sci."},{"key":"B145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3408","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.158.7.3408","article-title":"Endothelial cell tube formation depends on cadherin 5 and CD31 interactions with filamentous actin.","volume":"158","author":"Matsumura","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"B146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1489","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202009-3629ED","article-title":"Biological Mechanisms of COVID-19 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome.","volume":"202","author":"Matthay","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"B147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1513\/pats.200501-009AC","article-title":"Alveolar epithelium: role in lung fluid balance and acute lung injury.","volume":"2","author":"Matthay","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc. Am. Thorac. Soc."},{"key":"B148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1177\/002215540405200502","article-title":"Sorting of furin in polarized epithelial and endothelial cells: expression beyond the Golgi apparatus.","volume":"52","author":"Mayer","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Histochem. Cytochem."},{"key":"B149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1465-9921-8-75","article-title":"Role of TNF-alpha in lung tight junction alteration in mouse model of acute lung inflammation.","volume":"8","author":"Mazzon","year":"2007","journal-title":"Respir. Res."},{"key":"B150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.00-0247com","article-title":"Specificity, diversity, and convergence in VEGF and TNF-alpha signaling events leading to tissue factor up-regulation via EGR-1 in endothelial cells.","volume":"15","author":"Mechtcheriakova","year":"2001","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"B151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1080\/14728222.2019.1586886","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor receptor-2 (TNFR2): an overview of an emerging drug target.","volume":"23","author":"Medler","year":"2019","journal-title":"Exp. Opin. Ther. Targets"},{"key":"B152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2013.05.016","article-title":"Redox markers and inflammation are differentially affected by atorvastatin, pravastatin or simvastatin administered before endotoxin-induced acute lung injury.","volume":"17","author":"Melo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"B153","first-page":"93","article-title":"Effects of recombinant tumor necrosis factor-alpha on cultured pulmonary artery and lung microvascular endothelial monolayers.","volume":"138","author":"Meyrick","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"B154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1413","article-title":"Abnormal TNF activity in Timp3-\/- mice leads to chronic hepatic inflammation and failure of liver regeneration.","volume":"36","author":"Mohammed","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"B155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"905.e","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.04.004","article-title":"Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 Infections in Engineered Human Tissues Using Clinical-Grade Soluble Human ACE2.","volume":"181","author":"Monteil","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1675","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.177.6.1675","article-title":"Thalidomide exerts its inhibitory action on tumor necrosis factor alpha by enhancing mRNA degradation.","volume":"177","author":"Moreira","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"B157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118617","article-title":"Preventing the development of severe COVID-19 by modifying immunothrombosis","volume":"264","author":"Morris","year":"2021","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"B158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/cc11203","article-title":"A placebo-controlled, double-blind, dose-escalation study to assess the safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics\/pharmacodynamics of single and multiple intravenous infusions of AZD9773 in patients with severe sepsis and septic shock.","volume":"16","author":"Morris","year":"2012","journal-title":"Crit. Care"},{"key":"B159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.574862","article-title":"Mast Cells in Alveolar Septa of COVID-19 Patients: A Pathogenic Pathway That May Link Interstitial Edema to Immunothrombosis.","volume":"11","author":"Motta Junior","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"B160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1465-9921-7-125","article-title":"Role of TNFalpha in pulmonary pathophysiology.","volume":"7","author":"Mukhopadhyay","year":"2006","journal-title":"Respir. Res."},{"key":"B161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra0800887","article-title":"Platelets, petechiae, and preservation of the vascular wall.","volume":"359","author":"Nachman","year":"2008","journal-title":"New Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"B162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(92)81507-i","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor modulation of expression of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene.","volume":"314","author":"Nakamura","year":"1992","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"B163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"L452","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00378.2002","article-title":"TNF-alpha induces a decrease in eNOS promoter activity.","volume":"286","author":"Neumann","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mole. Physiol."},{"key":"B164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"L674","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00391.2005","article-title":"Peroxynitrite mediates TNF-alpha-induced endothelial barrier dysfunction and nitration of actin.","volume":"290","author":"Neumann","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mole. Physiol."},{"key":"B165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2008.03.024","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibition protects against endotoxin-induced endothelial glycocalyx perturbation.","volume":"202","author":"Nieuwdorp","year":"2009","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"B166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"L805","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00123.2013","article-title":"PECAM-1 and caveolae form the mechanosensing complex necessary for NOX2 activation and angiogenic signaling with stopped flow in pulmonary endothelium.","volume":"305","author":"Noel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mole. Physiol."},{"key":"B167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3548","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.64.9.3548-3554.1996","article-title":"Fungal beta-glucan interacts with vitronectin and stimulates tumor necrosis factor alpha release from macrophages.","volume":"64","author":"Olson","year":"1996","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"B168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2173","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ccm.0000145229.59014.6c","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of the monoclonal anti-tumor necrosis factor antibody F(ab\u2019)2 fragment afelimomab in patients with severe sepsis and elevated interleukin-6 levels.","volume":"32","author":"Panacek","year":"2004","journal-title":"Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"B169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.152291","article-title":"A functionally distinct neutrophil landscape in severe COVID-19 reveals opportunities for adjunctive therapies","volume":"7","author":"Panda","year":"2021","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"B170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1005372","article-title":"Neuromuscular blockers in early acute respiratory distress syndrome.","volume":"363","author":"Papazian","year":"2010","journal-title":"New Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"B171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"L426","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00302.2004","article-title":"Elevated plasma levels of soluble TNF receptors are associated with morbidity and mortality in patients with acute lung injury.","volume":"288","author":"Parsons","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. J. Phys. Lung Cell. Mole. Physiol."},{"key":"B172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4274","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1202437","article-title":"TNF-induced death signaling triggers alveolar epithelial dysfunction in acute lung injury.","volume":"190","author":"Patel","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"B173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2202","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI137647","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2: a storm is raging.","volume":"130","author":"Pedersen","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"B174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6060","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.82.18.6060","article-title":"Cloning and expression in Escherichia coli of the cDNA for murine tumor necrosis factor.","volume":"82","author":"Pennica","year":"1985","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A."},{"key":"B175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2002-0075OC","article-title":"The role of the microtubules in tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced endothelial cell permeability.","volume":"28","author":"Petrache","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol."},{"key":"B176","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"L1168","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.2001.280.6.L1168","article-title":"Differential effect of MLC kinase in TNF-alpha-induced endothelial cell apoptosis and barrier dysfunction.","volume":"280","author":"Petrache","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mole. Physiol."},{"key":"B177","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2171","article-title":"Evolving functions of endothelial cells in inflammation.","volume":"7","author":"Pober","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"B178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.01626","article-title":"Overview: Systemic Inflammatory Response Derived From Lung Injury Caused by SARS-CoV-2 Infection Explains Severe Outcomes in COVID-19.","volume":"2020","author":"Polidoro","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Imm."},{"key":"B179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-018-1247-9","article-title":"Nimbolide protects against endotoxin-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome by inhibiting TNF-\u03b1 mediated NF-\u03baB and HDAC-3 nuclear translocation.","volume":"10","author":"Pooladanda","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"B180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"L371","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00175.2004","article-title":"Constitutive eNOS-derived nitric oxide is a determinant of endothelial junctional integrity.","volume":"289","author":"Predescu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mole. Physiol."},{"key":"B181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2017-210305","article-title":"Novel anti-tumour necrosis factor receptor-1 (TNFR1) domain antibody prevents pulmonary inflammation in experimental acute lung injury.","volume":"73","author":"Proudfoot","year":"2018","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"B182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1216","DOI":"10.1002\/bit.21307","article-title":"Survival and apoptotic pathways initiated by TNF-alpha: modeling and predictions.","volume":"97","author":"Rangamani","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Bioeng."},{"key":"B183","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-200104000-00015","article-title":"Randomized, placebo-controlled trial of the anti-tumor necrosis factor antibody fragment afelimomab in hyperinflammatory response during severe sepsis: the RAMSES study.","volume":"29","author":"Reinhart","year":"2001","journal-title":"Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"B184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-199605000-00003","article-title":"Assessment of the safety and efficacy of the monoclonal anti-tumor necrosis factor antibody-fragment, MAK 195F, in patients with sepsis and septic shock: a multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled, doseranging study.","volume":"24","author":"Reinhart","year":"1996","journal-title":"Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"B185","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI119161","article-title":"Acute bacterial pneumonia in rats increases alveolar epithelial fluid clearance by a tumor necrosis factor-alpha-dependent mechanism.","volume":"99","author":"Rezaiguia","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"B186","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2271","DOI":"10.1097\/01.Ccm.0000230385.82679.34","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of affinity-purified, anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha, ovine fab for injection (CytoFab) in severe sepsis.","volume":"34","author":"Rice","year":"2006","journal-title":"Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"B187","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2515","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.06458-11","article-title":"The tumor necrosis factor receptor stalk regions define responsiveness to soluble versus membrane-bound ligand.","volume":"32","author":"Richter","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mole. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"B188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medj.2020.11.005","article-title":"The Potential for Repurposing Anti-TNF as a Therapy for the Treatment of COVID-19.","volume":"1","author":"Robinson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med"},{"key":"B189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.107.155028","article-title":"Diabetes-induced coronary vascular dysfunction involves increased arginase activity.","volume":"102","author":"Romero","year":"2008","journal-title":"Circul. Res."},{"key":"B190","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3332\/ecancer.2020.1022","article-title":"Associations between immune-suppressive and stimulating drugs and novel COVID-19-a systematic review of current evidence.","volume":"14","author":"Russell","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ecancermedicalscience"},{"key":"B191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00184.2002","article-title":"Alveolar sphingolipids generated in response to TNF-alpha modifies surfactant biophysical activity.","volume":"94","author":"Ryan","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"B192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/1393003.congress-2017.PA1074","article-title":"Rosuvastatin influence on inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in blood in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.","author":"Samorukova","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"B193","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.2001.0433a.x","article-title":"Ca(2+) signalling and PKCalpha activate increased endothelial permeability by disassembly of VE-cadherin junctions.","volume":"533","author":"Sandoval","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"B194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1089\/jir.2008.0076","article-title":"IL-1beta augments TNF-alpha-mediated inflammatory responses from lung epithelial cells.","volume":"29","author":"Saperstein","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Interf. Cytok. Res."},{"key":"B195","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18431","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.271.31.18431","article-title":"Zn2+-stimulated sphingomyelinase is secreted by many cell types and is a product of the acid sphingomyelinase gene.","volume":"271","author":"Schissel","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"B196","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-021-05588-9","article-title":"Safety and preliminary efficacy of sequential multiple ascending doses of solnatide to treat pulmonary permeability edema in patients with moderate-to-severe ARDS-a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial.","volume":"22","author":"Schmid","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trials"},{"key":"B197","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1002\/jcph.203","article-title":"A FIM study to assess safety and exposure of inhaled single doses of AP301-A specific ENaC channel activator for the treatment of acute lung injury.","volume":"54","author":"Schwameis","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Clin. Pharm."},{"key":"B198","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"L276","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00299.2012","article-title":"Regulation of interleukin-6 secretion by the two-pore-domain potassium channel Trek-1 in alveolar epithelial cells.","volume":"304","author":"Schwingshackl","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mole. Physiol."},{"key":"B199","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1124\/mol.113.089409","article-title":"Mechanism of action of novel lung edema therapeutic AP301 by activation of the epithelial sodium channel.","volume":"84","author":"Shabbir","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mole. Pharm."},{"key":"B200","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2015.08.003","article-title":"Glycosylation-dependent activation of epithelial sodium channel by solnatide.","volume":"98","author":"Shabbir","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharm."},{"key":"B201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5418","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)60733-1","article-title":"The lectin-like interaction between recombinant tumor necrosis factor and uromodulin.","volume":"263","author":"Sherblom","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"B202","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1097\/SHK.0b013e3181a2adb7","article-title":"Effects of TNF-alpha-converting enzyme inhibition on acute lung injury induced by endotoxin in the rat.","volume":"32","author":"Shimizu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Shock"},{"key":"B203","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1038\/313803a0","article-title":"Cloning and expression in Escherichia coli of the gene for human tumour necrosis factor.","volume":"313","author":"Shirai","year":"1985","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B204","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13973","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.24.13973","article-title":"The tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 signal transducers TRAF2 and c-IAP1 are components of the tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 signaling complex.","volume":"93","author":"Shu","year":"1996","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A."},{"key":"B205","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200810-1584OC","article-title":"Simvastatin decreases lipopolysaccharide-induced pulmonary inflammation in healthy volunteers.","volume":"179","author":"Shyamsundar","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"B206","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1377","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-199508000-00011","article-title":"Soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors reduce bowel ischemia-induced lung permeability and neutrophil sequestration.","volume":"23","author":"Sorkine","year":"1995","journal-title":"Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"B207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1945","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI114928","article-title":"Interleukin-8 gene expression by a pulmonary epithelial cell line. A model for cytokine networks in the lung.","volume":"86","author":"Standiford","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"B208","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1623","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamcr.2008.04.009","article-title":"Post-transcriptional regulation of TNF-induced expression of ICAM-1 and IL-8 in human lung microvascular endothelial cells: an obligatory role for the p38 MAPK-MK2 pathway dissociated with HSP27.","volume":"1783","author":"Su","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biochim. et Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"B209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2007.07.016","article-title":"TNF-alpha-induced self expression in human lung endothelial cells is inhibited by native and oxidized alpha1-antitrypsin.","volume":"40","author":"Subramaniyam","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol."},{"key":"B210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2269","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.26158","article-title":"The possible impairment of respiratory-related neural loops may be associated with the silent pneumonia induced by SARS-CoV-2.","volume":"92","author":"Tan","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Med. Virol."},{"key":"B211","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18542","DOI":"10.1016\/s0021-9258(17)46661-0","article-title":"Ligand passing: the 75-kDa tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor recruits TNF for signaling by the 55-kDa TNF receptor.","volume":"268","author":"Tartaglia","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"B212","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9292","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.88.20.9292","article-title":"The two different receptors for tumor necrosis factor mediate distinct cellular responses.","volume":"88","author":"Tartaglia","year":"1991","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A."},{"key":"B213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-020-0343-0","article-title":"COVID-19: the vasculature unleashed.","volume":"20","author":"Teuwen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"B214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"L1303","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00147.2002","article-title":"Chronic bronchial allergic inflammation increases alveolar liquid clearance by TNF-alpha -dependent mechanism.","volume":"283","author":"Tillie-Leblond","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am. J. Phys. Lung Cell. Mole. Physiol."},{"key":"B215","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1165\/ajrcmb.22.1.3818","article-title":"Decreased expression of aquaporin (AQP)1 and AQP5 in mouse lung after acute viral infection.","volume":"22","author":"Towne","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol."},{"key":"B216","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18657","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M100322200","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibits aquaporin 5 expression in mouse lung epithelial cells.","volume":"276","author":"Towne","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"B217","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2012.12.011","article-title":"AP301, a synthetic peptide mimicking the lectin-like domain of TNF, enhances amiloride-sensitive Na(+) current in primary dog, pig and rat alveolar type II cells.","volume":"26","author":"Tzotzos","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pulm. Pharm. Ther."},{"key":"B218","article-title":"Characterisation of TNF-alpha lectin-like domain derived peptides associated with improved alveolar fluid clearance in pulmonary oedema.","author":"Tzotzos","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur. Respirat. J."},{"key":"B219","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-007-0661-8","article-title":"Alveolar epithelium and Na,K-ATPase in acute lung injury.","volume":"33","author":"Vad\u00e1sz","year":"2007","journal-title":"Intens. Care Med."},{"key":"B220","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1543","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e31816f485e","article-title":"The lectin-like domain of tumor necrosis factor-alpha improves alveolar fluid balance in injured isolated rabbit lungs.","volume":"36","author":"Vadasz","year":"2008","journal-title":"Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"B221","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0102749","article-title":"The effect of TIP on pneumovirus-induced pulmonary edema in mice.","volume":"9","author":"van den Berg","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B222","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1417","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30937-5","article-title":"Endothelial cell infection and endotheliitis in COVID-19.","volume":"395","author":"Varga","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B223","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1007\/s11864-007-0044-y","article-title":"Isolated limb perfusion with melphalan and TNF-alpha in the treatment of extremity sarcoma.","volume":"8","author":"Verhoef","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr. Treat Opt. Oncol."},{"key":"B224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(19)30417-5","article-title":"Dexamethasone treatment for the acute respiratory distress syndrome: a multicentre, randomised controlled trial","volume":"8","author":"Villar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Respir. Med."},{"key":"B225","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.02040","article-title":"Targeting Regulatory T Cells by Addressing Tumor Necrosis Factor and Its Receptors in Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation and Cancer.","volume":"10","author":"Wajant","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"B226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.cdd.4401189","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor signaling.","volume":"10","author":"Wajant","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cell Death Diff."},{"key":"B227","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6487","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.164.12.6487","article-title":"Neutrophil-induced changes in the biomechanical properties of endothelial cells: roles of ICAM-1 and reactive oxygen species.","volume":"164","author":"Wang","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Imm."},{"key":"B228","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2017.11.013","article-title":"Targeting resolution of pulmonary edema in primary graft dysfunction after lung transplantation: Is inhaled AP301 the answer?","volume":"2017","author":"Ware","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Heart Lung. Transplant"},{"key":"B229","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1376","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.163.6.2004035","article-title":"Alveolar fluid clearance is impaired in the majority of patients with acute lung injury and the acute respiratory distress syndrome.","volume":"163","author":"Ware","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"B230","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2119","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/18.8.2119","article-title":"A casein kinase I motif present in the cytoplasmic domain of members of the tumour necrosis factor ligand family is implicated in \u2018reverse signalling\u2019.","volume":"18","author":"Watts","year":"1999","journal-title":"Embo J."},{"key":"B231","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5144","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2018.6829","article-title":"Clinical significance and efficacy analysis of atorvastatin in the treatment of patients with cerebral infarction and aspiration pneumonia.","volume":"16","author":"Wei","year":"2018","journal-title":"Exp. Ther. Med."},{"key":"B232","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0151672","article-title":"Inhibition of Acute Lung Injury by TNFR-Fc through Regulation of an Inflammation-Oxidative Stress Pathway.","volume":"11","author":"Weifeng","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B233","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"L449","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00301.2011","article-title":"TNFR1-dependent pulmonary apoptosis during ischemic acute kidney injury.","volume":"303","author":"White","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mole. Physiol."},{"key":"B234","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.00601","article-title":"TNF Lectin-Like Domain Restores Epithelial Sodium Channel Function in Frameshift Mutants Associated with Pseudohypoaldosteronism Type 1B.","volume":"2017","author":"Willam","year":"","journal-title":"Front. Imm."},{"key":"B235","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2017.00085","article-title":"Restoration of Epithelial Sodium Channel Function by Synthetic Peptides in Pseudohypoaldosteronism Type 1B Mutants.","volume":"8","author":"Willam","year":"","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"L599","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00304.2004","article-title":"Pulmonary inflammation induced by high-stretch ventilation is mediated by tumor necrosis factor signaling in mice.","volume":"288","author":"Wilson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Lung. Cell. Mol. Physiol."},{"key":"B237","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"L60","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00284.2006","article-title":"Differential roles of p55 and p75 tumor necrosis factor receptors on stretch-induced pulmonary edema in mice.","volume":"293","author":"Wilson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mole. Physiol."},{"key":"B238","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.00128","article-title":"Inhibition of TNF receptor p55 by a domain antibody attenuates the initial phase of acid-induced lung injury in mice.","volume":"8","author":"Wilson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"B239","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1459","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI116351","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor-alpha blockade prevents neutrophil CD18 receptor upregulation and attenuates acute lung injury in porcine sepsis without inhibition of neutrophil oxygen radical generation.","volume":"91","author":"Windsor","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"B240","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3536","DOI":"10.12659\/msm.901700","article-title":"Effects of Zinc Finger Protein A20 on Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-Induced Pulmonary Inflammation\/Anti-Inflammatory Mediators in an Acute Lung Injury\/Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Rat Model.","volume":"23","author":"Wu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Monit."},{"key":"B241","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.120.318805","article-title":"Immunometabolic Endothelial Phenotypes: Integrating Inflammation and Glucose Metabolism.","volume":"129","author":"Xiao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Circul. Res."},{"key":"B242","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vph.2009.12.010","article-title":"The lectin-like domain of TNF protects from listeriolysin-induced hyperpermeability in human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells - a crucial role for protein kinase C-alpha inhibition.","volume":"52","author":"Xiong","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vasc. Pharm."},{"key":"B243","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2008.12.008","article-title":"The regulation of amiloride-sensitive epithelial sodium channels by tumor necrosis factor-alpha in injured lungs and alveolar type II cells.","volume":"166","author":"Yamagata","year":"2009","journal-title":"Respir. Phys. Neurobiol."},{"key":"B244","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins10020079","article-title":"Listeriolysin O Causes ENaC Dysfunction in Human Airway Epithelial Cells.","volume":"10","author":"Yang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Toxins"},{"key":"B245","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.00784","article-title":"Role of TNF-TNF Receptor 2 Signal in Regulatory T Cells and Its Therapeutic Implications.","volume":"9","author":"Yang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Immun."},{"key":"B246","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"926","DOI":"10.3892\/ijmm.2018.3674","article-title":"Knockdown of TNF-\u03b1 alleviates acute lung injury in rats with intestinal ischemia and reperfusion injury by upregulating IL-10 expression.","volume":"42","author":"Yang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Mole. Med."},{"key":"B247","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1681.2006.04440.x","article-title":"Protective effects of pravastatin in murine lipopolysaccharideinduced acute lung injury.","volume":"33","author":"Yao","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol."},{"key":"B248","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"L39","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00051.2016","article-title":"Selective HDAC6 inhibition prevents TNF-\u03b1-induced lung endothelial cell barrier disruption and endotoxin-induced pulmonary edema.","volume":"311","author":"Yu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Lung. Cell. Mol. Physiol."},{"key":"B249","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/9019404","article-title":"Downregulation of TNF\u03b1\/TNF-R1 Signals by AT-Lipoxin A4 May Be a Significant Mechanism of Attenuation in SAP-Associated Lung Injury.","volume":"2019","author":"Yu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mediat. Inflamm."},{"key":"B250","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200901-0018OC","article-title":"Simvastatin inhibits airway hyperreactivity: implications for the mevalonate pathway and beyond.","volume":"180","author":"Zeki","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"B251","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2064","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI96147","article-title":"RIP kinase 1-dependent endothelial necroptosis underlies systemic inflammatory response syndrome.","volume":"128","author":"Zelic","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"B252","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.172613","article-title":"Novel insights into the role of LRRC8A in ameliorating alveolar fluid clearance in LPS induced acute lung injury.","volume":"861","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B253","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-020-05985-9","article-title":"Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as a SARS-CoV-2 receptor: molecular mechanisms and potential therapeutic target. Intens. Care Med.","author":"Zhang","year":"2020"},{"key":"B254","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1631\/jzus.B1300147","article-title":"Is there a role of TNFR1 in acute lung injury cases associated with extracorporeal circulation?","volume":"15","author":"Zhao","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci. B."},{"key":"B255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2016.10.030","article-title":"Solnatide Demonstrates Profound Therapeutic Activity in a Rat Model of Pulmonary Edema Induced by Acute Hypobaric Hypoxia and Exercise.","volume":"151","author":"Zhou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"B256","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2006.12.013","article-title":"TNFR1-induced NF-kappaB, but not ERK, p38MAPK or JNK activation, mediates TNF-induced ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression on endothelial cells.","volume":"19","author":"Zhou","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cell Signal."},{"key":"B257","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.138999","article-title":"Neutrophil extracellular traps in COVID-19","volume":"5","author":"Zuo","year":"2020","journal-title":"JCI Insight"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Physiology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fphys.2021.793251\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,27]],"date-time":"2023-01-27T15:07:15Z","timestamp":1674832035000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fphys.2021.793251\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,21]]},"references-count":257,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fphys.2021.793251"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphys.2021.793251","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-042X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-042X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,21]]},"article-number":"793251"}}