{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T18:28:04Z","timestamp":1780511284736,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,24]],"date-time":"2022-11-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669248000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Physiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Objective:<\/jats:bold> To investigate the effect of Massa Medicata Fermentata (MMF) on the changes of pathogenic flagellar bacteria and visceral hypersensitivity in rats with diarrhea irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> Thirty adult SD rats were randomly divided into normal control group (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 10), model control group (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 10), and MMF group (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 10). Acetic acid enema combined with restraint stress was used to build the IBS-D visceral hypersensitivity model; Abdominal withdrawal reflex (AWR) test was used to assess the visceral sensitivity of rats; 16SrRNA sequencing was used to analyze the changes of intestinal bacteria in each group, and the content of pathogenic flagellated bacteria were quantitatively counted; The content of flagellin in colonic mucosa was detected by ELISA; TLR5 protein in colonic mucosa of rats was detected by Western Blot.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> After IBS-D modeling, the visceral sensitivity of rats was significantly higher in the model control group than that in the normal control group (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.0061), while it was significantly decreased in MMF group compared with the model control group (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.0217), but without significant difference compared with the normal control group (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.6851). The number of fecal Bifidobacterium and <jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic> in the model group were significantly decreased compared with the normal control group (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.0001); While they were significantly increased in the MMF group compared with the model control group and normal control group (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.009; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.0001). The amount of fecal pathogenic flagellated bacteria in the model group was significantly increased compared with the normal control group (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.001); However it was significantly reduced in MMF group compared with the model group (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.026), which has no statistically difference with the normal control group (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.6486). The content of flagellin in colonic mucosa was significantly increased in the model group when compared with the normal control group (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.0001), and it was decreased in MMF group compared with the normal control group (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.0001), but there was no statistical difference with the normal control group (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.6545). The expression level of TLR5 protein in colonic mucosa of rat was significantly increased in model control group compared with the normal control group (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.0034), However, it was significantly decreased in MMF group compared with normal control group (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.0019), but it was no statistical difference with the normal control group (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.7519).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold> MMF can reduce visceral hypersensitivity by decreasing the content of pathogenic flagellated bacteria and their flagellin and inhibiting its specific receptor TLR5 protein expression in colonic mucosa in IBS-D rats.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2022.1039804","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,24]],"date-time":"2022-11-24T09:30:47Z","timestamp":1669282247000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Effects of Massa Medicata Fermentata on the intestinal pathogenic flagella bacteria and visceral hypersensitivity in rats with irritable bowel syndrome"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Zhaomeng","family":"Zhuang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chen","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiguang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.12358","article-title":"Cytokine imbalance in irritable bowel syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"26","author":"Bashashati","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol. 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