{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T02:38:53Z","timestamp":1790822333676,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":129,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,6]],"date-time":"2022-12-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670284800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Physiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Sarcopenia is a severe loss of muscle mass and functional decline during aging that can lead to reduced quality of life, limited patient independence, and increased risk of falls. The causes of sarcopenia include inactivity, oxidant production, reduction of antioxidant defense, disruption of mitochondrial activity, disruption of mitophagy, and change in mitochondrial biogenesis. There is evidence that mitochondrial dysfunction is an important cause of sarcopenia. Oxidative stress and reduction of antioxidant defenses in mitochondria form a vicious cycle that leads to the intensification of mitochondrial separation, suppression of mitochondrial fusion\/fission, inhibition of electron transport chain, reduction of ATP production, an increase of mitochondrial DNA damage, and mitochondrial biogenesis disorder. On the other hand, exercise adds to the healthy mitochondrial network by increasing markers of mitochondrial fusion and fission, and transforms defective mitochondria into efficient mitochondria. Sarcopenia also leads to a decrease in mitochondrial dynamics, mitophagy markers, and mitochondrial network efficiency by increasing the level of ROS and apoptosis. In contrast, exercise increases mitochondrial biogenesis by activating genes affected by PGC1-\u0251 (such as CaMK, AMPK, MAPKs) and altering cellular calcium, ATP-AMP ratio, and cellular stress. Activation of PGC1-\u0251 also regulates transcription factors (such as TFAM, MEFs, and NRFs) and leads to the formation of new mitochondrial networks. Hence, moderate-intensity exercise can be used as a non-invasive treatment for sarcopenia by activating pathways that regulate the mitochondrial network in skeletal muscle.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2022.1040381","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,6]],"date-time":"2022-12-06T02:18:30Z","timestamp":1670293110000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":69,"title":["Exercise and mitochondrial mechanisms in patients with sarcopenia"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Hamed","family":"Alizadeh Pahlavani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ismail","family":"Laher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beat","family":"Knechtle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hassane","family":"Zouhal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2018.10.302","article-title":"Skeletal muscle specific overexpression of the mitochondrial H2O2 scavenger, peroxiredoxin 3, rescues mitochondrial dysfunction and sarcopenia phenotypes elicited by redox imbalance","volume":"128","author":"Ahn","year":"2018","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1249\/JES.0000000000000101","article-title":"Mitochondria initiate and regulate sarcopenia","volume":"45","author":"Alway","year":"2017","journal-title":"Exerc. Sport Sci. Rev."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1879","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.02-0367com","article-title":"Adaptations of skeletal muscle to exercise: Rapid increase in the transcriptional coactivator PGC\u20101","volume":"16","author":"Baar","year":"2002","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2019.01088","article-title":"Regular endurance exercise promotes fission, mitophagy, and oxidative phosphorylation in human skeletal muscle independently of age","volume":"10","author":"Balan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox10030378","article-title":"Nitrosative redox homeostasis and antioxidant response defense in disused vastus lateralis muscle in long-term bedrest (toulouse cocktail study)","volume":"10","author":"Blottner","year":"2021","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S224","DOI":"10.1097\/rhu.0000000000001721","article-title":"Exercise training attenuates ubiquitin-proteasome pathway and increases the genes related to autophagy on the skeletal muscle of patients with inflammatory myopathies","volume":"27","author":"Borges","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clin. Rheumatol."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0838.2010.01273.x","article-title":"Training alters the skeletal muscle antioxidative capacity in non\u2010insulin\u2010dependent type 2 diabetic men","volume":"22","author":"Brinkmann","year":"2012","journal-title":"Scand. J. Med. Sci. Sports"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110657","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2019.110657","article-title":"Late life maintenance and enhancement of functional exercise capacity in low and high responding rats after low intensity treadmill training","volume":"125","author":"Brown","year":"2019","journal-title":"Exp. Gerontol."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6017","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2013.263079","article-title":"Altered skeletal muscle mitochondrial biogenesis but improved endurance capacity in trained OPA1\u2010deficient mice","volume":"591","author":"Caffin","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1515\/hsz-2012-0247","article-title":"Mitochondrial pathways in sarcopenia of aging and disuse muscle atrophy","volume":"394","author":"Calvani","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biol. Chem."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101025","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2020.101025","article-title":"The emerging role of skeletal muscle mitochondrial dynamics in exercise and ageing","volume":"58","author":"Casuso","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ageing Res. Rev."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mad.2020.111214","article-title":"Corrigendum to \"Endurance training improves plasma superoxide dismutase activity in healthy elderly\" [Mechanisms of Ageing and Development 185 (2020) 111190]","volume":"185","author":"Ceci","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mech. Ageing Dev."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2869","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12092869","article-title":"Antioxidants in sport sarcopenia","volume":"12","author":"Cesare","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1801102","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201801102","article-title":"Oligonol alleviates sarcopenia by regulation of signaling pathways involved in protein turnover and mitochondrial quality","volume":"63","author":"Chang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Nutr. Food Res."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1002\/lipd.12037","article-title":"Adaptations of skeletal muscle mitochondria to obesity, exercise, and polyunsaturated fatty acids","volume":"53","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lipids"},{"key":"B16","first-page":"146","article-title":"Alteration of antioxidant enzyme gene expression with aging and exercise in Fisher rats","volume":"12","author":"Cho","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Korean Geriatrics Soc."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2569","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11112569","article-title":"Fatty acid profile and antioxidant status fingerprint in sarcopenic elderly patients: Role of diet and exercise","volume":"11","author":"Corsetto","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2929","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-021-01800-7","article-title":"Sarcopenia, immune-mediated rheumatic diseases, and nutritional interventions","volume":"33","author":"Cruz-Jentoft","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aging Clin. Exp. Res."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.5604\/20831862.890157","article-title":"Production of free radicals and catalase activity during acute exercise training in young men","volume":"26","author":"De Castro","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biol. Sport"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.201002100","article-title":"The dynamic interaction of AMBRA1 with the dynein motor complex regulates mammalian autophagy","volume":"191","author":"Di Bartolomeo","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2016","DOI":"10.14336\/AD.2021.0427","article-title":"Mitochondrial quality control in sarcopenia: Updated overview of mechanisms and interventions","volume":"12","author":"Di Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aging Dis."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1515\/hsz-2012-0119","article-title":"Mitophagy: Mechanisms, pathophysiological roles, and analysis","volume":"393","author":"Ding","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biol. Chem."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1007\/s12265-010-9174-x","article-title":"Mitochondrial pruning by nix and BNip3: An essential function for cardiac-expressed death factors","volume":"3","author":"Dorn","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Cardiovasc. Transl. Res."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines9040405","article-title":"Sarcopenia in chronic kidney disease: Focus on advanced glycation end products as mediators and markers of oxidative stress","volume":"9","author":"Dozio","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.15-276337","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms for mitochondrial adaptation to exercise training in skeletal muscle","volume":"30","author":"Drake","year":"2016","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1040","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glu004","article-title":"Downregulation of E3 ubiquitin ligases and mitophagy-related genes in skeletal muscle of physically inactive, frail older women: A cross-sectional comparison","volume":"69","author":"Drummond","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00456.2019","article-title":"Neutralizing mitochondrial ROS does not rescue muscle atrophy induced by hindlimb unloading in female mice","volume":"129","author":"Eshima","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"B28","first-page":"1207","article-title":"Changes of mitochondrial respiratory function and PHB1 expression in rat skeletal muscle after moderate-intensity training","volume":"24","author":"Fang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chin. J. Tissue Eng. Res."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5236","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21155236","article-title":"Role of age-related mitochondrial dysfunction in sarcopenia","volume":"21","author":"Ferri","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3311","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2012.455","article-title":"Ambra1 at the crossroad between autophagy and cell death","volume":"32","author":"Fimia","year":"2013","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05925","article-title":"Ambra1 regulates autophagy and development of the nervous system","volume":"447","author":"Fimia","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1357","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.03.127","article-title":"Mitophagy directs muscle-adipose crosstalk to alleviate dietary obesity","volume":"23","author":"Fu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell. Rep."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2228","DOI":"10.3390\/app11052228","article-title":"Physical activity and redox balance in the elderly: Signal transduction mechanisms","volume":"11","author":"Galli","year":"2021","journal-title":"Appl. Sci."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1038\/s41422-018-0078-7","article-title":"Skeletal muscle mitochondrial remodeling in exercise and diseases","volume":"28","author":"Gan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell. Res."},{"key":"B35","first-page":"6879","article-title":"Induction of mitophagy in C2C12 cells by electrical pulse stimulation involves increasing the level of the mitochondrial receptor FUNDC1 through the AMPK-ULK1 pathway","volume":"12","author":"Gao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Transl. Res."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2014.6210","article-title":"Caenorhabditis elegans: What we can and cannot learn from aging worms","volume":"23","author":"Gruber","year":"2015","journal-title":"Antioxid. Redox Signal."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1415","DOI":"10.4161\/auto.7.12.17877","article-title":"Physical exercise stimulates autophagy in normal skeletal muscles but is detrimental for collagen VI-deficient muscles","volume":"7","author":"Grumati","year":"2011","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2014.02.014","article-title":"Chronic aerobic exercise training attenuates aortic stiffening and endothelial dysfunction through preserving aortic mitochondrial function in aged rats","volume":"56","author":"Gu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Exp. Gerontol."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e90151","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0090151","article-title":"Ambra1 is an essential regulator of autophagy and apoptosis in SW620 cells: Pro-survival role of Ambra1","volume":"9","author":"Gu","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1249\/JES.0000000000000192","article-title":"Exercise-induced mitophagy in skeletal muscle and heart","volume":"47","author":"Guan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Exerc. Sport Sci. Rev."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7083049","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/7083049","article-title":"The combination of physical exercise with muscle-directed antioxidants to counteract sarcopenia: A biomedical rationale for pleiotropic treatment with creatine and coenzyme Q10","volume":"2017","author":"Guescini","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2017.01.013","article-title":"Exercise increases mitochondrial complex I activity and DRP1 expression in the brains of aged mice","volume":"90","author":"Gusdon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Exp. Gerontol."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-021-02737-1","article-title":"Exercise rescues mitochondrial coupling in aged skeletal muscle: A comparison of different modalities in preventing sarcopenia","volume":"19","author":"Harper","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Transl. Med."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2007.042945","article-title":"NRF-1 genotypes and endurance exercise capacity in young Chinese men","volume":"42","author":"He","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2014.00211","article-title":"Mitochondrial involvement and impact in aging skeletal muscle","volume":"6","author":"Hepple","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2015.09.001","article-title":"Global phosphoproteomic analysis of human skeletal muscle reveals a network of exercise-regulated kinases and AMPK substrates","volume":"22","author":"Hoffman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell. Metab."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2812904","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/2812904","article-title":"Double knockout of peroxiredoxin 4 (Prdx4) and superoxide dismutase 1 (Sod1) in mice results in severe liver failure","volume":"2018","author":"Homma","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2019.01.022","article-title":"Nrf2 deficiency exacerbates frailty and sarcopenia by impairing skeletal muscle mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics in an age-dependent manner","volume":"119","author":"Huang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Exp. Gerontol."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e3182814917","article-title":"Effect of exercise on the skeletal muscle proteome in patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"45","author":"Hussey","year":"2013","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mam.2016.05.002","article-title":"Reactive oxygen species in sarcopenia: Should we focus on excess oxidative damage or defective redox signalling?","volume":"50","author":"Jackson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Asp. Med."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E964","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00270.2013","article-title":"Higher activation of autophagy in skeletal muscle of mice during endurance exercise in the fasted state","volume":"305","author":"Jamart","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1177\/0148607108324585","article-title":"Inflammation: Roles in aging and sarcopenia","volume":"32","author":"Jensen","year":"2008","journal-title":"JPEN. J. Parenter. Enter. Nutr."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2002.tb02085.x","article-title":"Exercise\u2010induced modulation of antioxidant defense","volume":"959","author":"Ji","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2989974","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/2989974","article-title":"Irisin attenuates oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and apoptosis in the H9C2 cellular model of septic cardiomyopathy through augmenting fundc1-dependent mitophagy","volume":"2021","author":"Jiang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e69327","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0069327","article-title":"Dysregulation of mitochondrial quality control processes contribute to sarcopenia in a mouse model of premature aging","volume":"8","author":"Joseph","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.13818","article-title":"Promotion of oxidative stress is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and muscle atrophy in aging mice","volume":"20","author":"Kadoguchi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Geriatr. Gerontol. Int."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1007\/s13105-013-0246-7","article-title":"Autophagic response to exercise training in skeletal muscle with age","volume":"69","author":"Kim","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S27","DOI":"10.5213\/inj.2142170.085","article-title":"Voluntary wheel running exercise improves aging-induced sarcopenia via activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1\u03b1\/fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5\/adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase signaling pathway","volume":"25","author":"Ko","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. Neurourol. J."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-00520-9","article-title":"Ampk phosphorylation of Ulk1 is required for targeting of mitochondria to lysosomes in exercise-induced mitophagy","volume":"8","author":"Laker","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mad.2006.12.006","article-title":"Effects of aerobic exercise training on antioxidant enzyme activities and mRNA levels in soleus muscle from young and aged rats","volume":"128","author":"Lambertucci","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mech. Ageing Dev."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1182","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2019.1580095","article-title":"BNIP3L\/NIX and FUNDC1-mediated mitophagy is required for mitochondrial network remodeling during cardiac progenitor cell differentiation","volume":"15","author":"Lampert","year":"2019","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2014.09.010","article-title":"Peroxiredoxin 3 has a crucial role in the contractile function of skeletal muscle by regulating mitochondrial homeostasis","volume":"77","author":"Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2017.07.009","article-title":"Physical exercise increases Sestrin 2 protein levels and induces autophagy in the skeletal muscle of old mice","volume":"97","author":"Lenhare","year":"2017","journal-title":"Exp. Gerontol."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e6673","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0006673","article-title":"Ectopic catalase expression in mitochondria by adeno-associated virus enhances exercise performance in mice","volume":"4","author":"Li","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110789","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2019.110789","article-title":"Regulatory role of exercise-induced autophagy for sarcopenia","volume":"130","author":"Liang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Exp. Gerontol."},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo11050323","article-title":"Lifelong aerobic exercise alleviates sarcopenia by activating autophagy and inhibiting protein degradation via the AMPK\/PGC-1\u03b1 signaling pathway","volume":"11","author":"Liang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Metabolites"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2017.08.032","article-title":"The effect of exercise, resveratrol or their combination on Sarcopenia in aged rats via regulation of AMPK\/Sirt1 pathway","volume":"98","author":"Liao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Exp. Gerontol."},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1578","DOI":"10.1002\/art.39615","article-title":"Endurance exercise: An important therapeutic adjuvant in the overall treatment of myositis?","volume":"68","author":"Lightfoot","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol."},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1007\/s10522-020-09867-x","article-title":"Dysregulations of mitochondrial quality control and autophagic flux at an early age lead to progression of sarcopenia in SAMP8 mice","volume":"21","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biogerontology"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glab029","article-title":"Aerobic exercise improves mitochondrial function in sarcopenia mice through Sestrin2 in an AMPK\u03b12-dependent manner","volume":"76","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci."},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jot.2020.04.002","article-title":"Sarcopenia: Current treatments and new regenerative therapeutic approaches","volume":"23","author":"Lo","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Transl."},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2008.06.014","article-title":"Mitochondrial biogenesis and healthy aging","volume":"43","author":"L\u00f3pez-Lluch","year":"2008","journal-title":"Exp. Gerontol."},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mad.2016.12.005","article-title":"Mitochondrial activity and dynamics changes regarding metabolism in ageing and obesity","volume":"162","author":"L\u00f3pez-Lluch","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mech. Ageing Dev."},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2528","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2020.1834207","article-title":"Raft-like lipid microdomains drive autophagy initiation via AMBRA1-ERLIN1 molecular association within MAMs","volume":"17","author":"Manganelli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.3945\/an.113.004572","article-title":"Optimizing intramuscular adaptations to aerobic exercise: Effects of carbohydrate restriction and protein supplementation on mitochondrial biogenesis","volume":"4","author":"Margolis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Adv. Nutr."},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2007.05.028","article-title":"Modulation of age-induced apoptotic signaling and cellular remodeling by exercise and calorie restriction in skeletal muscle","volume":"44","author":"Marzetti","year":"2008","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101471","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2020.101471","article-title":"Antioxidant supplements and endurance exercise: Current evidence and mechanistic insights","volume":"35","author":"Mason","year":"2020","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4593496","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/4593496","article-title":"The effect of acute aerobic exercise on redox homeostasis and mitochondrial function of rat white adipose tissue","volume":"2021","author":"Matta","year":"2021","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1113\/JP278853","article-title":"Exercise and mitochondrial health","volume":"599","author":"Memme","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"615038","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2020.615038","article-title":"Molecular basis for the therapeutic effects of exercise on mitochondrial defects","volume":"11","author":"Memme","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41348","DOI":"10.34117\/bjdv7n4-546","article-title":"Efeitos de diferentes volumes de exerc\u00edcio f\u00edsico aer\u00f3bio sobre a atividade da enzima catalase em diferentes tipos de fibras do m\u00fasculo esquel\u00e9tico em ratos Wistar\/Effects of different volumes of aerobic exercise on catalase enzyme activity in different types of skeletal muscle fibers in Wistar rats","volume":"7","author":"Mendes","year":"2021","journal-title":"Braz. J. Dev."},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5808","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-13694-1","article-title":"Mitochondrial oxidative capacity and NAD+ biosynthesis are reduced in human sarcopenia across ethnicities","volume":"10","author":"Migliavacca","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2012798","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/2012798","article-title":"Mitochondrial function and mitophagy in the elderly: Effects of exercise","volume":"2017","author":"Moreira","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oxidative Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.3390\/jfmk2040040","article-title":"Sarcopenia and exercise \u201cthe state of the art\u201d","volume":"2","author":"Musumeci","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Funct. Morphol. Kinesiol."},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2011.09.152","article-title":"Single bout of running exercise changes LC3-II expression in rat cardiac muscle","volume":"414","author":"Ogura","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"B86","volume-title":"WHO clinical consortium on healthy ageing 2019: Report of consortium meeting held 21-22 november 2019","author":"Organization","year":"2020"},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox9040329","article-title":"Prdx6 plays a main role in the crosstalk between aging and metabolic sarcopenia","volume":"9","author":"Pacifici","year":"2020","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"811751","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.811751","article-title":"Exercise therapy for people with sarcopenic obesity: Myokines and adipokines as effective actors","volume":"13","author":"Pahlavani","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2004.09.002","article-title":"Resistance exercise training decreases oxidative damage to DNA and increases cytochrome oxidase activity in older adults","volume":"40","author":"Parise","year":"2005","journal-title":"Exp. Gerontol."},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1121-7851","article-title":"Human skeletal muscle mitochondrial adaptations following resistance exercise training","volume":"41","author":"Parry","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8844","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21228844","article-title":"Sarcopenia: Molecular pathways and potential targets for intervention","volume":"21","author":"Pascual-Fern\u00e1ndez","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2015.04.011","article-title":"Exercise and sarcopenia","volume":"18","author":"Phu","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Clin. Densitom."},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2017.06.005","article-title":"Mitochondrial dynamics signaling is shifted toward fusion in muscles of very old hip-fractured patients: Results from the Sarcopenia in HIp FracTure (SHIFT) exploratory study","volume":"96","author":"Picca","year":"2017","journal-title":"Exp. Gerontol."},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3032","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22063032","article-title":"Molecular mechanism and pathogenesis of sarcopenia: An overview","volume":"22","author":"Picca","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"876825","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/876825","article-title":"The protective effects of salidroside from exhaustive exercise-induced heart injury by enhancing the PGC-1\u03b1\u2013NRF1\/NRF2 pathway and mitochondrial respiratory function in rats","volume":"2015","author":"Ping","year":"2015","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"B96","first-page":"66","article-title":"Session 9: Muscle and beyond","volume":"68","author":"R\u0119dowicz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Biochim. Pol."},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22010091","article-title":"The interplay between mitochondrial morphology and myomitokines in aging sarcopenia","volume":"22","author":"Romanello","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2874","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.52.12.2874","article-title":"Endurance training in humans leads to fiber type-specific increases in levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-\u03b3 coactivator-1 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-\u03b1 in skeletal muscle","volume":"52","author":"Russell","year":"2003","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12508","article-title":"Biomarkers of sarcopenia in very old patients with hip fracture","volume":"11","author":"S\u00e1nchez\u2010Castellano","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2015.06.007","article-title":"Exercise modulates liver cellular and mitochondrial proteins related to quality control signaling","volume":"135","author":"Santos-Alves","year":"2015","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-020-00189-x","article-title":"Molecular changes in transcription and metabolic pathways underlying muscle atrophy in the CuZnSOD null mouse model of sarcopenia","volume":"42","author":"Sataranatarajan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Geroscience"},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12045","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.RA120.012565","article-title":"The autophagy protein Ambra1 regulates gene expression by supporting novel transcriptional complexes","volume":"295","author":"Schoenherr","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1113\/expphysiol.2010.054379","article-title":"Increased catalase expression improves muscle function in mdx mice","volume":"96","author":"Selsby","year":"2011","journal-title":"Exp. Physiol."},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.20463\/pan.2020.0019","article-title":"Effects of exercise training on the biochemical pathways associated with sarcopenia","volume":"24","author":"Seo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Phys. Act. Nutr."},{"key":"B105","volume-title":"Oxidative stress in muscle diseases: Current and future therapy 2019","author":"Serra","year":"2020"},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1365","DOI":"10.2147\/CIA.S46826","article-title":"Effectiveness of exercise and protein supplementation intervention on body composition, functional fitness, and oxidative stress among elderly Malays with sarcopenia","volume":"8","author":"Shahar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Interv. Aging"},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.3390\/cells8010071","article-title":"Prohibitins: A critical role in mitochondrial functions and implication in diseases","volume":"8","author":"Signorile","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1150","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.03-1291fje","article-title":"Apoptotic adaptations from exercise training in skeletal and cardiac muscles","volume":"18","author":"Siu","year":"2004","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.1038\/s41418-019-0404-8","article-title":"HUWE1 controls MCL1 stability to unleash AMBRA1-induced mitophagy","volume":"27","author":"Strappazzon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell. Death Differ."},{"key":"B110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2318-13-104","article-title":"Elevated hydrogen peroxide and decreased catalase and glutathione peroxidase protection are associated with aging sarcopenia","volume":"13","author":"Sullivan-Gunn","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr."},{"key":"B111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbd.2007.11.001","article-title":"Proteomic adaptation to chronic high intensity swimming training in the rat heart","volume":"3","author":"Sun","year":"2008","journal-title":"Comp. Biochem. Physiol. Part D. Genomics Proteomics"},{"key":"B112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2011.10.005","article-title":"Could dietary trans fatty acids induce movement disorders? Effects of exercise and its influence on Na+ K+-ATPase and catalase activity in rat striatum","volume":"226","author":"Teixeira","year":"2012","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"B113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R1003","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00096.2018","article-title":"Acute HIIE elicits similar changes in human skeletal muscle mitochondrial H2O2 release, respiration, and cell signaling as endurance exercise even with less work","volume":"315","author":"Trewin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol."},{"key":"B114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10051054","article-title":"Manifestations of age on autophagy, mitophagy and lysosomes in skeletal muscle","volume":"10","author":"Triolo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"B115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.2019.33.1_supplement.342.3","article-title":"The role of mitochondrial peroxide release in the mechanisms underlying age\u2010related sarcopenia","volume":"33","author":"Van Remmen","year":"2019","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"B116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2018.02.014","article-title":"Aerobic and strength training induce changes in oxidative stress parameters and elicit modifications of various cellular components in skeletal muscle of aged rats","volume":"106","author":"Vilela","year":"2018","journal-title":"Exp. Gerontol."},{"key":"B117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1369","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2009.06.006","article-title":"Mitochondrial biogenesis in exercise and in ageing","volume":"61","author":"Vi\u00f1a","year":"2009","journal-title":"Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev."},{"key":"B118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.2010.00271.x","article-title":"Alterations in mitochondrial respiratory function in response to endurance training and endurance racing","volume":"42","author":"Votion","year":"2010","journal-title":"Equine Vet. J."},{"key":"B119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2015.10.003","article-title":"An unexplored role for Peroxiredoxin in exercise-induced redox signalling?","volume":"8","author":"Wadley","year":"2016","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"key":"B120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5588","DOI":"10.2174\/0929867324666170801095850","article-title":"Sarcopenia, aging and prospective interventional strategies","volume":"25","author":"Waltz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Med. Chem."},{"key":"B121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1335","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00086.2011","article-title":"Resistance exercise enhances the molecular signaling of mitochondrial biogenesis induced by endurance exercise in human skeletal muscle","volume":"111","author":"Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"B122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.11.042","article-title":"Prohibitin 2 is an inner mitochondrial membrane mitophagy receptor","volume":"168","author":"Wei","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell."},{"key":"B123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1582","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12768","article-title":"Muscle mitochondrial catalase expression prevents neuromuscular junction disruption, atrophy, and weakness in a mouse model of accelerated sarcopenia","volume":"12","author":"Xu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"B124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2019.1628520","article-title":"PHB2 (prohibitin 2) promotes PINK1-PRKN\/Parkin-dependent mitophagy by the PARL-PGAM5-PINK1 axis","volume":"16","author":"Yan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"B125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2020.1725377","article-title":"Organelle-specific autophagy in inflammatory diseases: A potential therapeutic target underlying the quality control of multiple organelles","volume":"17","author":"Yao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"B126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.12965\/jer.1836268.134","article-title":"Role of exercise in age-related sarcopenia","volume":"14","author":"Yoo","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Exerc. Rehabil."},{"key":"B127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1038\/cdd.2009.16","article-title":"Role of BNIP3 and NIX in cell death, autophagy, and mitophagy","volume":"16","author":"Zhang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cell. Death Differ."},{"key":"B128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4079041","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/4079041","article-title":"Short-duration swimming exercise after myocardial infarction attenuates cardiac dysfunction and regulates mitochondrial quality control in aged mice","volume":"2018","author":"Zhao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oxidative Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"B129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.4149\/gpb_2018020","article-title":"Exercise training and dietary restriction affect PINK1\/Parkin and Bnip3\/Nix-mediated cardiac mitophagy in mice","volume":"37","author":"Zhao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gen. Physiol. Biophys."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Physiology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fphys.2022.1040381\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,6]],"date-time":"2022-12-06T02:18:36Z","timestamp":1670293116000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fphys.2022.1040381\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,6]]},"references-count":129,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fphys.2022.1040381"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphys.2022.1040381","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-042X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-042X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,6]]},"article-number":"1040381"}}