{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T04:11:26Z","timestamp":1788495086751,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":140,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,9]],"date-time":"2023-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1673222400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Physiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Erectile dysfunction (ED) is the most common male sexual dysfunction by far and the prevalence is increasing year after year. As technology advances, a wide range of physical diagnosis tools and therapeutic approaches have been developed for ED. At present, typical diagnostic devices include erection basic parameter measuring instrument, erection hardness quantitative analysis system, hemodynamic testing equipment, nocturnal erection measuring instrument, nerve conduction testing equipment, <jats:italic>etc.<\/jats:italic> At present, the most commonly used treatment for ED is pharmacological therapy represented by phosphodiesterase five inhibitors (PDE5i). As a first-line drug in clinical, PDE5i has outstanding clinical effects, but there are still some problems that deserve the attention of researchers, such as cost issues and some side effects, like visual disturbances, indigestion, myalgia, and back pain, as well as some non-response rates. Some patients have to consider alternative treatments. Moreover, the efficacy in some angiogenic EDs (diabetes and cardiovascular disease) has not met expectations, so there is still a need to continuously develop new methods that can improve hemodynamics. While drug have now been shown to be effective in treating ED, they only control symptoms and do not restore function in most cases. The increasing prevalence of ED also makes us more motivated to find safer, more effective, and simpler treatments. The exploration of relevant mechanisms can also serve as a springboard for the development of more clinically meaningful physiotherapy approaches. Therefore, people are currently devoted to studying the effects of physical therapy and physical therapy combined with drug therapy on ED. We reviewed the diagnosis of ED and related physical therapy methods, and explored the pathogenesis of ED. In our opinion, these treatment methods could help many ED patients recover fully or partially from ED within the next few decades.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2022.1096741","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,9]],"date-time":"2023-01-09T09:52:54Z","timestamp":1673257974000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Advances in physical diagnosis and treatment of male erectile dysfunction"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Kun","family":"Pang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deng","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuyang","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingkai","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hailuo","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guanghui","family":"Zang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1038\/s41443-020-0242-8","article-title":"Risk factors for orgasmic and concomitant erectile dysfunction in men with type 1 diabetes: A cross-sectional study","volume":"33","author":"Agochukwu-Mmonu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Impot. Res."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102736","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2020.102736","article-title":"Autonomic neuropathy and urologic complications in diabetes","volume":"229","author":"Agochukwu-Mmonu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Auton. Neurosci."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4381","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2000.01341.x","article-title":"Electrical stimulation accelerates and increases expression of BDNF and trkB mRNA in regenerating rat femoral motoneurons","volume":"12","author":"Al-Majed","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2016.03.147","article-title":"Low intensity extracorporeal shock wave therapy improves erectile function in a model of type II diabetes independently of NO\/cGMP pathway","volume":"196","author":"Assaly-Kaddoum","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Urol."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1111\/aor.13052","article-title":"Functional electrical stimulation","volume":"41","author":"Azevedo Coste","year":"2017","journal-title":"Artif. Organs"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1097\/MOU.0000000000000632","article-title":"Electrical stimulation for neuroregeneration in urology: A new therapeutic paradigm","volume":"29","author":"Balog","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Urol."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1080\/07317115.2020.1823922","article-title":"Satisfaction with a vacuum constriction device for erectile dysfunction among middle-aged and older veterans","volume":"44","author":"Beaudreau","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Gerontol."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1177\/1971400915604526","article-title":"Accuracy of four-dimensional CT angiography in detection and characterisation of arteriovenous malformations and dural arteriovenous fistulas","volume":"28","author":"Biswas","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuroradiol. J."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"750742","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/750742","article-title":"Myeloperoxidase-dependent LDL modifications in bloodstream are mainly predicted by angiotensin II, adiponectin, and myeloperoxidase activity: A cross-sectional study in men","volume":"2013","author":"Boudjeltia","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mediat. Inflamm."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-7893.2011.00337.x","article-title":"Social functioning in early psychosis: Are all the domains predicted by the same variables?","volume":"6","author":"Bourdeau","year":"2012","journal-title":"Early Interv. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-4295(85)90243-2","article-title":"New method for continuous measurement of nocturnal penile tumescence and rigidity","volume":"26","author":"Bradley","year":"1985","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1124","DOI":"10.1111\/jsm.12046","article-title":"The resurgence of the vacuum erection device (VED) for treatment of erectile dysfunction","volume":"10","author":"Brison","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Sex. Med."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1332","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000028041.27703.da","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of tadalafil for the treatment of erectile dysfunction: Results of integrated analyses","volume":"168","author":"Brock","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Urol."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1491","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2009.2971","article-title":"Copper and myeloperoxidase-modified LDLs activate Nrf2 through different pathways of ROS production in macrophages","volume":"13","author":"Calay","year":"2010","journal-title":"Antioxid. Redox Signal"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1097\/JU.0000000000001367","article-title":"Erectile dysfunction in a sample of sexually active young adult men from a U.S. Cohort: Demographic, metabolic and mental health correlates","volume":"205","author":"Calzo","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Urol."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1038\/s41443-018-0024-8","article-title":"An initial study on the effect of functional electrical stimulation in erectile dysfunction: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"30","author":"Carboni","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Impot. Res."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12561","article-title":"Penile Doppler ultrasound predicts cardiovascular events in men with erectile dysfunction","volume":"7","author":"Caretta","year":"2019","journal-title":"Andrology"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13160","DOI":"10.1111\/and.13160","article-title":"Dopamine D2 receptors in the basolateral amygdala modulate erectile function in a rat model of nonorganic erectile dysfunction","volume":"51","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3446","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2011.02501.x","article-title":"Penile duplex ultrasonography in men with peyronie's disease: Is it veno-occlusive dysfunction or poor cavernosal arterial inflow that contributes to erectile dysfunction?","volume":"8","author":"Chung","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Sex. Med."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.7748\/ns.2021.e11709","article-title":"Diabetes mellitus: An overview of the types, symptoms, complications and management","volume":"37","author":"Cloete","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nurs. Stand"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijir.3901561","article-title":"Preservation of penile length after radical prostatectomy: Early intervention with a vacuum erection device","volume":"19","author":"Dalkin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. J. Impot. Res."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.118.312135","article-title":"Epigenetic mechanisms in monocytes\/macrophages regulate inflammation in cardiometabolic and vascular disease","volume":"39","author":"Davis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euf.2019.12.002","article-title":"Neurogenic sexual dysfunction treatment: A systematic review","volume":"6","author":"Del Popolo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. Urol. Focus"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.859280","article-title":"Noninvasive coronary angiography by 320-row computed tomography with lower radiation exposure and maintained diagnostic accuracy: Comparison of results with cardiac catheterization in a head-to-head pilot investigation","volume":"120","author":"Dewey","year":"2009","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1909","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2008.07.117","article-title":"Prophylactic low-energy shock wave therapy improves wound healing after vein harvesting for coronary artery bypass graft surgery: A prospective, randomized trial","volume":"86","author":"Dumfarth","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann. Thorac. Surg."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1097\/SPC.0000000000000195","article-title":"Erectile dysfunction after radical prostatectomy: Prevalence, medical treatments, and psychosocial interventions","volume":"10","author":"Emanu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Support Palliat. Care"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1152\/physiol.00028.2014","article-title":"Exercise, neurotrophins, and axon regeneration in the PNS","volume":"29","author":"English","year":"2014","journal-title":"Physiol. (Bethesda)"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.2174\/1570161117666190502103733","article-title":"Microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"18","author":"Faselis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Vasc. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B29","first-page":"V10190550","article-title":"Varicocele testis","volume":"182","author":"Fode","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ugeskr. Laeger"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-53480-4.00006-0","article-title":"Diabetic autonomic neuropathy","volume":"126","author":"Freeman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Handb. Clin. Neurol."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.23666","article-title":"An investigation of shock wave therapy and low-intensity pulsed ultrasound on fracture healing under reduced loading conditions in an ovine model","volume":"36","author":"Gadomski","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Res."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr\/90347290","article-title":"Evaluation of CT coronary artery angiography with 320-row detector CT in a high-risk population","volume":"85","author":"Gang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br. J. Radiol."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.13977","article-title":"Testosterone deficiency in men with type 2 diabetes: Pathophysiology and treatment","volume":"37","author":"Gianatti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabet. Med."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1677027","article-title":"Overlooked long-term complications of colorectal surgery","volume":"32","author":"Giglia","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Colon Rectal Surg."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2011.02450.x","article-title":"Neurophysiology of erection and ejaculation","volume":"8","author":"Giuliano","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Sex. Med."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2012.02795.x","article-title":"SOP: Corpus cavernosum assessment (cavernosography\/cavernosometry)","volume":"10","author":"Glina","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Sex. Med."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.5578\/turkjsurg.4397","article-title":"Erectile dysfunction after surgery for rectal cancer: A prospective study","volume":"35","author":"Gokce","year":"2019","journal-title":"Turk J. Surg."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijir.3901478","article-title":"Doppler evaluation of erectile dysfunction - part 2","volume":"19","author":"Golijanin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. J. Impot. Res."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2009.01624.x","article-title":"Anatomy, physiology, and pathophysiology of erectile dysfunction","volume":"7","author":"Gratzke","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Sex. Med."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1002\/smrj.9","article-title":"Low-intensity extracorporeal shock wave therapy in vascular disease and erectile dysfunction: Theory and outcomes","volume":"1","author":"Gruenwald","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sex. Med. Rev."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.2174\/1573399809666131126151024","article-title":"Review of erectile dysfunction in diabetic animal models","volume":"10","author":"Gur","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr. Diabetes Rev."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1038\/s41443-021-00417-8","article-title":"The therapeutic effect of ALT-711 on erectile function in rats treated with high-level AGEs (advanced glycation end products) containing diet","volume":"34","author":"Gurbuz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Impot. Res."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2011.354","article-title":"Comparative study of multi-slice CT angiography with digital subtraction angiography in the blood supply of meningiomas","volume":"3","author":"Han","year":"2012","journal-title":"Exp. Ther. Med."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2010.02191.x","article-title":"Impact of hypertension, aging, and antihypertensive treatment on the morphology of the pudendal artery","volume":"8","author":"Hannan","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Sex. Med."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2009.01626.x","article-title":"Implants, mechanical devices, and vascular surgery for erectile dysfunction","volume":"7","author":"Hellstrom","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Sex. Med."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0803418","article-title":"Prevalence of somatic small fiber neuropathy in obesity","volume":"31","author":"Herman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. J. Obes. (Lond)."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2020.07.015","article-title":"Association of peripheral neuropathy with erectile dysfunction in US men","volume":"134","author":"Hicks","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. J. Med."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcct.2009.05.013","article-title":"First experience with 320-row multidetector CT coronary angiography scanning with prospective electrocardiogram gating to reduce radiation dose","volume":"3","author":"Hoe","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Cardiovasc Comput. Tomogr."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"626943","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2020.626943","article-title":"Percutaneous treatment of venous erectile dysfunction","volume":"7","author":"Hoppe","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Cardiovasc Med."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.3978\/j.issn.2223-4683.2014.03.03","article-title":"Novel pilot films providing indispensable information in pharmaco-cavernosography","volume":"4","author":"Hsu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Transl. Androl. Urol."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4061","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.052712499","article-title":"Akt-dependent phosphorylation of endothelial nitric-oxide synthase mediates penile erection","volume":"99","author":"Hurt","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aju.2016.04.002","article-title":"Innovative trends and perspectives for erectile dysfunction treatment: A systematic review","volume":"14","author":"Ismail","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arab. J. Urol."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1820","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2009.01343.x","article-title":"Use and abuse of Rigiscan in the diagnosis of erectile dysfunction","volume":"6","author":"Jannini","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Sex. Med."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5353785","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/5353785","article-title":"Cavernous nerve injury resulted erectile dysfunction and regeneration","volume":"2021","author":"Jiang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Res."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.14366\/usg.17022","article-title":"Penile Doppler ultrasonography revisited","volume":"37","author":"Jung","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ultrasonography"},{"key":"B56","first-page":"28","article-title":"The medical and surgical treatment of erectile dysfunction: A review and update","volume":"27","author":"Karakus","year":"2020","journal-title":"Can. J. Urol."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1464-410x.2001.02316.x","article-title":"Feasibility of multi-slice computed tomography in the diagnosis of arteriogenic erectile dysfunction","volume":"88","author":"Kawanishi","year":"2001","journal-title":"BJU Int."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1072","DOI":"10.22037\/uj.v10i4.1494","article-title":"Evaluating the efficacy of vacuum constrictive device and causes of its failure in impotent patients","volume":"10","author":"Khayyamfar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Urol. J."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.21037\/tau.2017.03.02","article-title":"Traditional Chinese medical therapy for erectile dysfunction","volume":"6","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Transl. Androl. Urol."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e053309","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-053309","article-title":"Transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation combined with electroacupuncture for rapid recovery of patients after laparotomy for gastrointestinal surgery: A study protocol for a randomised controlled trial","volume":"11","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1038\/s41443-020-00374-8","article-title":"Prevalence of post-prostatectomy erectile dysfunction and a review of the recommended therapeutic modalities","volume":"33","author":"Lima","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Impot. Res."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.3978\/j.issn.2223-4683.2013.01.04","article-title":"The science of vacuum erectile device in penile rehabilitation after radical prostatectomy","volume":"2","author":"Lin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Transl. Androl. Urol."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1615\/CritRevBiomedEng.v45.i1-6.120","article-title":"Developments in gastrointestinal electrical stimulation","volume":"45","author":"Lin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1496","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsxm.2017.09.020","article-title":"Penile rehabilitation therapy following radical prostatectomy: A meta-analysis","volume":"14","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Sex. Med."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1250","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9051250","article-title":"Revisiting the regenerative therapeutic advances towards erectile dysfunction","volume":"9","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.29271\/jcpsp.2022.09.1181","article-title":"Effects of low-intensity extracorporeal shockwave therapy on erectile dysfunction: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"32","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Coll. Physicians Surg. Pak"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2988","DOI":"10.21037\/apm-20-507","article-title":"Comparison of RigiScan and penile color duplex ultrasound in evaluation of erectile dysfunction","volume":"9","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann. Palliat. Med."},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.155.3.3890009","article-title":"Vasculogenic impotence evaluated by high-resolution ultrasonography and pulsed Doppler spectrum analysis","volume":"155","author":"Lue","year":"1985","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12968","article-title":"Optimal vacuum erectile device therapy regimen for penile rehabilitation in a bilateral cavernous nerve crush rat model","volume":"9","author":"Ma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Andrology"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.21037\/tau.2020.03.10","article-title":"Current approaches to the diagnosis of vascular erectile dysfunction","volume":"9","author":"Ma","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transl. Androl. Urol."},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.182.1.50","article-title":"Nithsdale schizophrenia surveys 24: Sexual dysfunction. Case-Control study","volume":"182","author":"Macdonald","year":"2003","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8563845","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/8563845","article-title":"Targeting early atherosclerosis: A focus on oxidative stress and inflammation","volume":"2019","author":"Marchio","year":"2019","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell Longev."},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.13197","article-title":"Low-intensity extracorporeal shockwave therapy for diabetic men with erectile dysfunction: A systematic scoping review","author":"Mason","year":"2022","journal-title":"Andrology"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sxmr.2017.12.008","article-title":"Stem cell therapy for erectile dysfunction","volume":"7","author":"Matz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sex. Med. Rev."},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"CD008195","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008195.pub2","article-title":"Psychosocial interventions for premature ejaculation","volume":"8","author":"Melnik","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1186\/s40463-018-0264-0","article-title":"Brief electrical stimulation and synkinesis after facial nerve crush injury: A randomized prospective animal study","volume":"47","author":"Mendez","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Otolaryngol. Head. Neck Surg."},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2012.04.006","article-title":"Prognostic utility of erectile dysfunction for cardiovascular disease in younger men and those with diabetes","volume":"164","author":"Miner","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. Heart J."},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1658","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines9111658","article-title":"Pathological significance of macrophages in erectile dysfunction including peyronie's disease","volume":"9","author":"Miyata","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"B79","first-page":"48","article-title":"Chronobiological approach to the treatment of patients with erectile dysfunction using a combination of local negative pressure and laser illumination","author":"Moskvin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Urologiia"},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"TC07","DOI":"10.7860\/JCDR\/2017\/25092.9270","article-title":"Pharmaco penile duplex ultrasonography in the evaluation of erectile dysfunction","volume":"11","author":"Mutnuru","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Clin. Diagn Res."},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1159\/000520705","article-title":"Analysis of the impact of clinical factors on low-intensity extracorporeal shockwave therapy for erectile dysfunction","volume":"106","author":"Oginski","year":"2022","journal-title":"Urol. Int."},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1038\/s41443-021-00512-w","article-title":"Testosterone replacement therapy and erectile dysfunction","volume":"34","author":"Onyeji","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Impot. Res."},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ucl.2021.06.013","article-title":"Energy-based therapies for erectile dysfunction: Current and future directions","volume":"48","author":"Pai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Urol. Clin. North Am."},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1080\/13685538.2016.1230601","article-title":"Vacuum erection device in treatment of organic erectile dysfunction and penile vascular differences between patients with DM type I and DM type II","volume":"20","author":"Pajovic","year":"2017","journal-title":"Aging Male"},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.20344\/amp.4248","article-title":"Anatomia Radiol\u00f3gica da Disfun\u00e7\u00e3o Er\u00e9til Arteriog\u00e9nica: Uma Abordagem Sistematizada","volume":"26","author":"Pereira","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Med. Port."},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1038\/s41443-018-0032-8","article-title":"Advantages and limitations of sleep-related erection and rigidity monitoring: A review","volume":"30","author":"Qin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Impot. Res."},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2136","DOI":"10.1177\/1557988318797409","article-title":"The early use of vacuum therapy for penile rehabilitation after radical prostatectomy: Systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Qin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. J. Mens. Health"},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1631\/jzus.B1600437","article-title":"Use of electroacupuncture and transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation in reproductive medicine: A group consensus","volume":"18","author":"Qu","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci. B"},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2020.02.011","article-title":"Updates in vascular computed tomography","volume":"58","author":"Rajiah","year":"2020","journal-title":"Radiol. Clin. North Am."},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1080\/00325481.2015.992722","article-title":"Erectile dysfunction and cardiovascular disease","volume":"127","author":"Randrup","year":"2015","journal-title":"Postgrad. Med."},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1007\/s40264-013-0129-4","article-title":"Sexual dysfunction associated with second-generation antidepressants in patients with major depressive disorder: Results from a systematic review with network meta-analysis","volume":"37","author":"Reichenpfader","year":"2014","journal-title":"Drug Saf."},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.4314\/ejhs.v30i6.14","article-title":"Comparative effectiveness of electrical stimulation and aerobic exercise in the management of erectile dysfunction: A randomized clinical trial","volume":"30","author":"Rislanu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ethiop. J. Health Sci."},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2021.06.007","article-title":"European association of urology guidelines on sexual and reproductive health-2021 update: Male sexual dysfunction","volume":"80","author":"Salonia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. Urol."},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22010418","article-title":"Hyperhomocysteinemia: Focus on endothelial damage as a cause of erectile dysfunction","volume":"22","author":"Salvio","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6647995","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/6647995","article-title":"Detection of coronary artery disease by an erectile dysfunction questionnaire","volume":"2021","author":"Sayadi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cardiol. Res. Pract."},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1080\/10790268.2008.11753979","article-title":"Percutaneous perineal electrostimulation induces erection: Clinical significance in patients with spinal cord injury and erectile dysfunction","volume":"31","author":"Shafik","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Spinal Cord. Med."},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60520-0","article-title":"Erectile dysfunction","volume":"381","author":"Shamloul","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1093\/neuros\/nyy221","article-title":"Brief electrical stimulation promotes nerve regeneration following experimental in-continuity nerve injury","volume":"85","author":"Shapira","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.4997\/JRCPE.2020.310","article-title":"Diabetic autonomic neuropathy: A clinical update","volume":"50","author":"Sharma","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. R. Coll. Physicians Edinb"},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.3978\/j.issn.2223-4683.2016.01.07","article-title":"The treatment of erectile dysfunction in patients with neurogenic disease","volume":"5","author":"Shridharani","year":"2016","journal-title":"Transl. Androl. Urol."},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2012.02825.x","article-title":"Standardization of vascular assessment of erectile dysfunction: Standard operating procedures for duplex ultrasound","volume":"10","author":"Sikka","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Sex. Med."},{"key":"B102","first-page":"504","article-title":"Dynamic infusion cavernosometry and cavernosography for the diagnosis and classification of venous erectile dysfunction","volume":"21","author":"Song","year":"2015","journal-title":"Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue"},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.4103\/njcp.njcp_285_20","article-title":"Diagnostic value of penile color Doppler ultrasonography in patients with veno-occlusive erectile dysfunction","volume":"24","author":"Soylu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Niger. J. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sxmr.2019.06.007","article-title":"Low-intensity extracorporeal shockwave therapy for erectile dysfunction in diabetic patients","volume":"9","author":"Spivak","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sex. Med. Rev."},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000165342.85300.14","article-title":"Treatment of erectile dysfunction following therapy for clinically localized prostate cancer: Patient reported use and outcomes from the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results prostate cancer outcomes study","volume":"174","author":"Stephenson","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Urol."},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eucr.2020.101133","article-title":"Low-intensity extracorporeal shockwave therapy in the treatment of erectile dysfunction after penile trauma","volume":"30","author":"Stoykov","year":"2020","journal-title":"Urol. Case Rep."},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1038\/s41585-021-00532-7","article-title":"Indications and characteristics of penile traction and vacuum erection devices","volume":"19","author":"Sultana","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Urol."},{"key":"B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2370","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2011.02355.x","article-title":"Erectile function rehabilitation after radical prostatectomy: Practice patterns among AUA members","volume":"8","author":"Tal","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Sex. Med."},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2011.02582.x","article-title":"Men's health: Sexual dysfunction, physical, and psychological health--is there a link?","volume":"9","author":"Tan","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Sex. Med."},{"key":"B110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.13703\/j.0255-2930.20200519-0008","article-title":"Analysis on acupoint selection rules for impotence treated with acupuncture and moxibustion in ancient based on data mining technology","volume":"41","author":"Tan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Zhongguo Zhen Jiu"},{"key":"B111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2010.03.003","article-title":"Diabetes-induced erectile dysfunction: Epidemiology, pathophysiology and management","volume":"25","author":"Thorve","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Diabetes Complicat."},{"key":"B112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.33549\/physiolres.934129","article-title":"Role of oxidative stress, adiponectin and endoglin in the pathophysiology of erectile dysfunction in diabetic and non-diabetic men","volume":"68","author":"Trebaticky","year":"2019","journal-title":"Physiol. Res."},{"key":"B113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/83.6.536","article-title":"Treatment of erectile dysfunction by perineal exercise, electromyographic biofeedback, and electrical stimulation","volume":"83","author":"Van Kampen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Phys. Ther."},{"key":"B114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2010.04.004","article-title":"Can low-intensity extracorporeal shockwave therapy improve erectile function? A 6-month follow-up pilot study in patients with organic erectile dysfunction","volume":"58","author":"Vardi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur. Urol."},{"key":"B115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsxm.2019.10.020","article-title":"Updating the international index of erectile function: Evaluation of a large clinical data set","volume":"17","author":"Vickers","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Sex. Med."},{"key":"B116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4807271","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/4807271","article-title":"The efficacy of acupuncture on patients with erectile dysfunction: A review","volume":"2022","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Evid. Based Complement. Altern. Med."},{"key":"B117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e14089","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000014089","article-title":"The safety and efficacy of acupuncture for erectile dysfunction: A network meta-analysis","volume":"98","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Med. Baltim."},{"key":"B118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultras.2014.08.004","article-title":"Suppressing bubble shielding effect in shock wave lithotripsy by low intensity pulsed ultrasound","volume":"55","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ultrasonics"},{"key":"B119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.13263\/j.cnki.nja.2019.12.004","article-title":"Selective internal pudendal arteriography in the diagnosis of arteriogenic erectile dysfunction","volume":"25","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue"},{"key":"B120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1080\/13685538.2022.2121815","article-title":"Application of dual-energy CT angiography in diagnosis of arterial erectile dysfunction: New scanning technology, new scanning area","volume":"25","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Aging Male"},{"key":"B121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1465","DOI":"10.4103\/0366-6999.233945","article-title":"Audiovisual sexual stimulation and RigiScan test for the diagnosis of erectile dysfunction","volume":"131","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chin. Med. J. Engl."},{"key":"B122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1111\/jch.14123","article-title":"Hypertension and erectile dysfunction: The role of endovascular therapy in Asia","volume":"23","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clin. Hypertens. (Greenwich)"},{"key":"B123","first-page":"1146","article-title":"Psychological factors involved in erectile dysfunction","volume":"17","author":"Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue"},{"key":"B124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1235","DOI":"10.1111\/jog.13661","article-title":"Pain management of surgical abortion using transcutaneous acupoint electrical stimulation: An orthogonal prospective study","volume":"44","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Obstet. Gynaecol. Res."},{"key":"B125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968315604399","article-title":"Electrical stimulation to promote peripheral nerve regeneration","volume":"30","author":"Willand","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurorehabil Neural Repair"},{"key":"B126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41443-022-00528-w","article-title":"Applications of artificial intelligence in the diagnosis and prediction of erectile dysfunction: A narrative review","author":"Xiong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Impot. Res."},{"key":"B127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"BSR20170112","DOI":"10.1042\/BSR20170112","article-title":"Comprehensive assessment of cavernosography with 320-row dynamic volume CT versus conventional cavernosography in erectile dysfunction patients caused by venous leakage","volume":"37","author":"Xu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biosci. Rep."},{"key":"B128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"BSR20170200","DOI":"10.1042\/BSR20170200","article-title":"Diagnostic value of four-dimensional CT angiography in arterial erectile dysfunction using 320-detector row dynamic volume CT","volume":"37","author":"Xu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biosci. Rep."},{"key":"B129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16003","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2016.3","article-title":"Erectile dysfunction","volume":"2","author":"Yafi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Prim."},{"key":"B130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15579883221087532","DOI":"10.1177\/15579883221087532","article-title":"Systematic review and meta-analysis of 16 randomized controlled trials of clinical outcomes of low-intensity extracorporeal shock wave therapy in treating erectile dysfunction","volume":"16","author":"Yao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am. J. Mens. Health"},{"key":"B131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1488","DOI":"10.1111\/jsm.12129","article-title":"Nerve injury-induced protein 1 (Ninjurin-1) is a novel therapeutic target for cavernous nerve injury-induced erectile dysfunction in mice","volume":"10","author":"Yin","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Sex. Med."},{"key":"B132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3684","DOI":"10.21037\/tau-21-730","article-title":"Low-intensity extracorporeal shockwave therapy for erectile dysfunction: An overview of systematic reviews","volume":"10","author":"Yuan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transl. Androl. Urol."},{"key":"B133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1038\/ijir.2010.4","article-title":"Vacuum therapy in erectile dysfunction--science and clinical evidence","volume":"22","author":"Yuan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Impot. Res."},{"key":"B134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8242","DOI":"10.12998\/wjcc.v9.i27.8242","article-title":"Low-intensity extracorporeal shock wave therapy for midshaft clavicular delayed union: A case report and review of literature","volume":"9","author":"Yue","year":"2021","journal-title":"World J. Clin. Cases"},{"key":"B135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2007","DOI":"10.1007\/s11255-018-1987-6","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of low-intensity shock wave therapy in penile rehabilitation post nerve-sparing radical cystoprostatectomy: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"50","author":"Zewin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. Urol. Nephrol."},{"key":"B136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.4103\/1008-682X.122350","article-title":"Help-seeking behavior for erectile dysfunction: A clinic-based survey in China","volume":"16","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Asian J. Androl."},{"key":"B137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.4103\/aja202189","article-title":"A prospective randomized controlled study on scheduled PDE5i and vacuum erectile devices in the treatment of erectile dysfunction after nerve sparing prostatectomy","volume":"24","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Asian J. Androl."},{"key":"B138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13620","DOI":"10.1111\/and.13620","article-title":"Role of RigiScan parameters in differentiation of vascular erectile dysfunction","volume":"52","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"key":"B139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e25892","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000025892","article-title":"The efficacy and safety of acupuncture in the treatment of erectile dysfunction: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"100","author":"Zhou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Med. Baltim."},{"key":"B140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sxmr.2018.10.005","article-title":"The role of nocturnal penile tumescence and rigidity (nptr) monitoring in the diagnosis of psychogenic erectile dysfunction: A review","volume":"7","author":"Zou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sex. Med. Rev."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Physiology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fphys.2022.1096741\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,9]],"date-time":"2023-01-09T09:53:14Z","timestamp":1673257994000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fphys.2022.1096741\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,9]]},"references-count":140,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fphys.2022.1096741"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphys.2022.1096741","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-042X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-042X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,9]]},"article-number":"1096741"}}