{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T06:25:45Z","timestamp":1789021545970,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,24]],"date-time":"2022-05-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653350400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Physiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Purpose:<\/jats:bold> To explore the anthropometrical and physiological determinants of laboratory and on-snow performance in competitive adolescent cross-country skiers.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> Fifty-two adolescent (25 girls) (14.8 \u00b1 0.6 years) skiers performed an uphill treadmill rollerski session using the G2 ski skating technique. Gross efficiency (GE) was calculated from a submaximal work bout (\u223c84% of peak oxygen uptake; V\u0307O<jats:sub>2peak<\/jats:sub>) while V\u0307O<jats:sub>2peak<\/jats:sub>, accumulated oxygen deficit (\u03a3O<jats:sub>2def<\/jats:sub>) and laboratory performance were determined from a 3-min time trial (TT<jats:sub>3min<\/jats:sub>) before upper- and lower-body maximum strength were tested. Pearson\u2019s product moment correlations and multiple regression analysis explored the relationship with anthropometrical and physiological determinations of laboratory and on-snow performance in sprint (\u223c1\u00a0km, \u223c2.5\u20133\u00a0min) and distance races (5\u20137.5 km, \u223c12\u201320\u00a0min) from the national championship for this age-group.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> A large correlation was found between on-snow sprint and distance performance (boys r = 0.61, girls r = 0.76, both <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.01) and for on-snow distance performance with TT <jats:sub>3min<\/jats:sub> (r = 0.51 to 0.56, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05). V\u0307O<jats:sub>2peak<\/jats:sub>, \u03a3O<jats:sub>2def<\/jats:sub> and GE explained \u223c80% of variations in performance in the TT<jats:sub>3min<\/jats:sub>, but substantial lower on-snow skiing performance (\u223c20\u201330%). For the TT<jats:sub>3min<\/jats:sub> performance, V\u0307O<jats:sub>2peak<\/jats:sub> showed a very large and large correlation for boys and girls (r = 0.76 and 0.65 respectively, both <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.01), \u03a3O<jats:sub>2def<\/jats:sub> showed a large correlation for boys and girls (r = 0.53 and 0.55 respectively, both <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.01) and age showed a large correlation for boys (r = 0.56, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.01), with no significant correlation for girls (r = -0.19). For on-snow distance performance, V\u0307O<jats:sub>2peak<\/jats:sub> showed a large correlation for boys (r = 0.53, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.01) and girls (r = 0.50, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05). For on-snow sprint performance, upper-body strength (r = 0.55, both sexes <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.01) and body mass index (BMI) showed a large correlation for boys (r = 0.53, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.01) and girls (r = 0.51, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold> V\u0307O<jats:sub>2peak<\/jats:sub> is an important determinant for overall XC skiing performance in competitive male and female adolescent skiers. However, upper-body strength and BMI correlate the most with sprint performance. While laboratory performance can to a large extent be explained by physiological factors, on-snow-performance for adolescents is based more on multivariate factors (tactics, equipment\u2019s, technique, racecourse etc.), implying the need for a holistic approach to understanding the sport-specific demands in such age-groups.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2022.819979","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,24]],"date-time":"2022-05-24T05:11:02Z","timestamp":1653369062000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Anthropometrical and Physiological Determinants of Laboratory and on-Snow Performance in Competitive Adolescent Cross-Country Skiers"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Ove","family":"Sollie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Losnegard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1519\/jsc.0b013e31824f206c","article-title":"Skiing Economy and Efficiency in Recreational and Elite Cross-Country Skiers","volume":"27","author":"Ainegren","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. 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