{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T16:14:51Z","timestamp":1753892091700,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,3]],"date-time":"2022-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643846400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Physiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study evaluates the effect of hyperoxia on cerebral oxygenation and neuromuscular fatigue mechanisms of the elbow flexor muscles following ergometer rowing.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In 11 competitive male rowers (age, 30\u2009\u00b1\u20094\u2009years), we measured near-infrared spectroscopy determined frontal lobe oxygenation (ScO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) and transcranial Doppler ultrasound determined middle cerebral artery mean flow velocity (MCA <jats:italic>V<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>mean<\/jats:sub>) combined with maximal voluntary force (MVC), peak resting twitch force (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>tw<\/jats:sub>) and cortical voluntary activation (VA<jats:sub>TMS<\/jats:sub>) of the elbow flexor muscles using electrical motor point and magnetic motor cortex stimulation, respectively, before, during, and immediately after 2,000\u2009m all-out effort on rowing ergometer with normoxia and hyperoxia (30% O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Arterial hemoglobin O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> saturation was reduced to 92.5\u2009\u00b1\u20090.2% during exercise with normoxia but maintained at 98.9\u2009\u00b1\u20090.2% with hyperoxia. The MCA <jats:italic>V<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>mean<\/jats:sub> increased by 38% (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05) with hyperoxia, while only marginally increased with normoxia. Similarly, ScO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> was not affected with hyperoxia but decreased by 7.0\u2009\u00b1\u20094.8% from rest (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.04) with normoxia. The MVC and <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>tw<\/jats:sub> were reduced (7\u2009\u00b1\u20093% and 31\u2009\u00b1\u20099%, respectively, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.014), while VA<jats:sub>TMS<\/jats:sub> was not affected by the rowing effort in normoxia. With hyperoxia, the deficit in MVC and <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>tw<\/jats:sub> was attenuated, while VA<jats:sub>TMS<\/jats:sub> was unchanged.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>These data indicate that even though hyperoxia restores frontal lobe oxygenation the resultant attenuation of arm muscle fatigue following maximal rowing is peripherally rather than centrally mediated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2022.829097","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,3]],"date-time":"2022-02-03T06:59:09Z","timestamp":1643871549000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The Effect of Hyperoxia on Central and Peripheral Factors of Arm Flexor Muscles Fatigue Following Maximal Ergometer Rowing in Men"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Stefanos","family":"Volianitis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Rasmussen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicolas C.","family":"Petersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Niels H.","family":"Secher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.880180605","article-title":"Reliability of measurements of muscle strength and voluntary activation using twitch interpolation","volume":"18","author":"Allen","year":"1995","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00015.2007","article-title":"Skeletal muscle fatigue: cellular mechanisms","volume":"88","author":"Allen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Physiol. 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