{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T00:37:36Z","timestamp":1782434256259,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,3]],"date-time":"2022-03-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646265600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Physiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Accelerated tooth movement can be achieved using micro-osteoperforations (MOPs) to stimulate regeneration of the alveolar bone during minimally invasive surgical trauma. However, there is currently no standardized protocol and limited reports regarding the side effects of MOPs based on biological evidence. This study sought to evaluate the biological effects of the number of MOPs on orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) and the potential risk for root resorption. Male CD1 mice were divided into 4 groups based on the number of MOPs, as follows: Sham; 0MOP+OTM; 2MOP+OTM; and 4MOP+OTM groups. Tooth movement distance and the number of osteoclasts were higher whereas bone volume and trabecular number were lower in the 4MOP+OTM group compared to those of the 0MOP+OTM group. Immunofluorescent assay analysis indicated that the 4MOP+OTM group was positively associated with rapid cementum regeneration and periodontal ligament tissue formation. Our findings revealed that the MOP procedure affected tooth movement and did not significantly contribute to root resorption, whereas it may promote constitutive activation of cementogenesis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2022.837094","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,3]],"date-time":"2022-03-03T10:45:43Z","timestamp":1646304343000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Effect of the Number of Micro-Osteoperforations on the Rate of Tooth Movement and Periodontal Response in Mice"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Tselmuun","family":"Erdenebat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong-Joon","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Su-Jung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoon Jeong","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eun-Jung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eun-Hack","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chung-Ju","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Han-Sung","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jung-Yul","family":"Cha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2018.10.003","article-title":"Comparative CBCT analysis of the changes in buccal bone morphology after corticotomy and micro-osteoperforations assisted orthodontic treatment \u2013 case series with a split mouth design.","volume":"31","author":"Agrawal","year":"2019","journal-title":"Saudi Dent. J."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1053\/j.sodo.2015.06.002","article-title":"Micro-osteoperforations: minimally invasive accelerated tooth movement.","volume":"21","author":"Alikhani","year":"2015","journal-title":"Semin. Orthod."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2013.06.017","article-title":"Effect of micro-osteoperforations on the rate of tooth movement.","volume":"144","author":"Alikhani","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthod. Dentofacial Orthop."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0040-1713955","article-title":"Micro-osteoperforations and its effect on the rate of tooth movement: a systematic review.","volume":"15","author":"Al-Khalifa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Dent."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-03145-6","article-title":"Axin2-expressing cells differentiate into reparative odontoblasts via autocrine Wnt\/beta-catenin signaling in response to tooth damage.","volume":"7","author":"Babb","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2010.09.026","article-title":"Mechanism of action and morphologic changes in the alveolar bone in response to selective alveolar decortication-facilitated tooth movement.","volume":"139","author":"Baloul","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthod. Dentofacial Orthop."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2017.05.036","article-title":"Physical properties of root cementum: part 26. Effects of micro-osteoperforations on orthodontic root resorption: a microcomputed tomography study.","volume":"153","author":"Chan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthod. Dentofacial Orthop."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjz006","article-title":"The effect of the extent of surgical insult on orthodontic tooth movement.","volume":"41","author":"Chang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Orthod."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.2319\/051819-344.1","article-title":"The effect of alveolar decortication on orthodontically induced root resorption.","volume":"90","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Angle Orthod."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2016.04.030","article-title":"Ability of mini-implant-facilitated micro-osteoperforations to accelerate tooth movement in rats.","volume":"150","author":"Cheung","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthod. Dentofacial Orthop."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep26046","article-title":"TGF-\u03b2 signaling regulates cementum formation through osterix expression.","volume":"6","author":"Choi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-08607-5","article-title":"A Reciprocal interaction between beta-catenin and osterix in cementogenesis.","volume":"7","author":"Choi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjw085","article-title":"Does systemic administration of casein phosphopeptides affect orthodontic movement and root resorption in rats?","volume":"39","author":"Crowther","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. Orthod."},{"key":"B14","first-page":"348","article-title":"Piezocision: a minimally invasive, periodontally accelerated orthodontic tooth movement procedure.","volume":"346","author":"Dibart","year":"2009","journal-title":"Compend. Contin. Educ. Dent."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjx080","article-title":"The effects of alveolar decortications on orthodontic tooth movement and bone remodelling in rats.","volume":"40","author":"Dutra","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. Orthod."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1177\/154405910308201003","article-title":"The Dentin matrix protein 1 (Dmp1) is specifically expressed in mineralized, but not soft, tissues during development.","volume":"82","author":"Feng","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Dent. Res."},{"key":"B17","first-page":"3","article-title":"The regional acceleratory phenomenon: a review.","volume":"31","author":"Frost","year":"1983","journal-title":"Henry Ford Hosp. Med. J."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1007\/s10735-016-9687-y","article-title":"Wnt5a mediated canonical Wnt signaling pathway activation in orthodontic tooth movement: possible role in the tension force-induced bone formation.","volume":"47","author":"Fu","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Mol. Histol."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.2003.18.5.807","article-title":"Mechanical loading stimulates dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1) expression in osteocytes in vivo.","volume":"18","author":"Gluhak-Heinrich","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner Res."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.1951.0045","article-title":"The pattern of resorption and repair of human cementum.","volume":"42","author":"Henry","year":"1951","journal-title":"J. Am. Dent. Assoc."},{"key":"B21","first-page":"9","article-title":"Efficacy of surgical and non-surgical interventions on accelerating orthodontic tooth movement: a systematic review.","volume":"8","author":"Kalemaj","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. J. Oral. Implantol."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.2319\/020308-60.1","article-title":"Effects of corticision on paradental remodeling in orthodontic tooth movement.","volume":"79","author":"Kim","year":"2009","journal-title":"Angle Orthod."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1016\/0030-4220(59)90153-7","article-title":"Surgical operations on the alveolar ridge to correct occlusal abnormalities.","volume":"12","author":"Kole","year":"1959","journal-title":"Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"469.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2005.10.007","article-title":"Cellular, molecular, and tissue-level reactions to orthodontic force.","volume":"129","author":"Krishnan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthod. Dentofacial Orthop."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2019.05.009","article-title":"Micro-osteo perforation effects as an intervention on canine retraction.","volume":"32","author":"Kundi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Saudi Dent. J."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjw038","article-title":"Increasing the amount of corticotomy does not affect orthodontic tooth movement or root resorption, but accelerates alveolar bone resorption in rats.","volume":"39","author":"Kurohama","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. Orthod."},{"key":"B27","article-title":"Biomechanical interfaces of corticotomies on periodontal tissue remodeling during orthodontic tooth movement.","volume":"11","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Coatings"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1002\/dvdy.22047","article-title":"Expression of Axin2 indicates a role for canonical Wnt signaling in development of the crown and root during pre- and postnatal tooth development.","volume":"239","author":"Lohi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dev. Dyn."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.2319\/031512-224.1","article-title":"Interventions for accelerating orthodontic tooth movement: a systematic review.","volume":"83","author":"Long","year":"2013","journal-title":"Angle Orthod."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0231492","article-title":"Is Piezocision effective in accelerating orthodontic tooth movement: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"15","author":"Mheissen","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2014.03.024","article-title":"Effect of corticision and different force magnitudes on orthodontic tooth movement in a rat model.","volume":"146","author":"Murphy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthod. Dentofacial Orthop."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1043\/0003-3219(1971)041<0001:CBOHAAgt;2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Comparative behavior of human and animal tissue during experimental tooth movement.","volume":"41","author":"Reitan","year":"1971","journal-title":"Angle Orthod."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1177\/154405910308200109","article-title":"Age effect on orthodontic tooth movement in rats.","volume":"82","author":"Ren","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Dent. Res."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjz049","article-title":"Effect of micro-osteoperforation on the rate of orthodontic tooth movement-a systematic review and a meta-analysis.","volume":"42","author":"Shahabee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Orthod."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2019.10.009","article-title":"The effect of micro-osteoperforations on the rate of orthodontic tooth movement: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"157","author":"Sivarajan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthod. Dentofacial Orthop."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2018.01.023","article-title":"Micro-osteoperforations accelerate orthodontic tooth movement by stimulating periodontal ligament cell cycles.","volume":"154","author":"Sugimori","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthod. Dentofacial Orthop."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034510373764","article-title":"Cytokine expression and accelerated tooth movement.","volume":"89","author":"Teixeira","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Dent. Res."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.2319\/052015-343.1","article-title":"Comparison of the effects of micro-osteoperforation and corticision on the rate of orthodontic tooth movement in rats.","volume":"86","author":"Tsai","year":"2016","journal-title":"Angle Orthod."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2019.06.021","article-title":"Root resorption and ensuing cementum repair by Wnt\/beta-catenin dependent mechanism.","volume":"158","author":"Turkkahraman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthod. Dentofacial Orthop."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.4103\/1305-7456.110201","article-title":"Dentoalveolar surgery techniques combined with orthodontic treatment: a literature review.","volume":"7","author":"Uzuner","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. J. Dent."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2018.07.022","article-title":"Localizing the osseous boundaries of micro-osteoperforations.","volume":"155","author":"van Gemert","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthod. Dentofacial Orthop."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1159\/000351897","article-title":"Regional acceleratory phenomenon.","volume":"18","author":"Verna","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Oral Biol."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/22.4.343","article-title":"The rate and the type of orthodontic tooth movement is influenced by bone turnover in a rat model.","volume":"22","author":"Verna","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur. J. Orthod."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2009.04.095","article-title":"Accelerated osteogenic orthodontics technique: a 1-stage surgically facilitated rapid orthodontic technique with alveolar augmentation.","volume":"67","author":"Wilcko","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1262","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034519871021","article-title":"Axin2+-mesenchymal PDL cells, instead of K14+ epithelial cells, play a key role in rapid cementum growth.","volume":"98","author":"Xie","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Dent. Res."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034518755719","article-title":"A Wnt-responsive PDL population effectuates extraction socket healing.","volume":"97","author":"Yuan","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Dent. Res."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15952","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.28872","article-title":"Study of bone remodeling in corticotomy-assisted orthodontic tooth movement in rats.","volume":"120","author":"Zhou","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Cell. Biochem."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/4934128","article-title":"Remote corticotomy accelerates orthodontic tooth movement in a rat model.","volume":"2019","author":"Zou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomed Res. Int."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/1678-7757-2019-0766","article-title":"Effect of two corticotomy protocols on periodontal tissue and orthodontic movement.","volume":"28","author":"Zuppardo","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Appl. Oral Sci."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Physiology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fphys.2022.837094\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,3]],"date-time":"2022-03-03T10:45:57Z","timestamp":1646304357000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fphys.2022.837094\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,3]]},"references-count":49,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fphys.2022.837094"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphys.2022.837094","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-042X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-042X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,3]]},"article-number":"837094"}}